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2014 IEEE 79th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC Spring)最新文献

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Impact of Social Features on the Performance of Pocket Switched Network 社会特征对口袋交换网络性能的影响
Pub Date : 2014-05-18 DOI: 10.1109/VTCSpring.2014.7022940
Yuan Liu, Fei Yang, Sihai Zhang, Wuyang Zhou
The forwarding activities of Pocket Switched Network (PSN) under social scene has attracted increasing attention, which are deeply affected by the social features of PSN nodes, especially the social network structure and characteristics of selfishness among nodes that jointly construct their behavior model under an opportunistic forwarding environment. Through both analysis and simulation, we investigate how social network structure and node selfishness influence data forwarding activities of PSN nodes based on our proposed contact-and-cooperative model. Simulation results obtained by PROPHET algorithm show that PSN forwarding performance, including delay time and packet delivery ratio, are improved by the introduction of social network structure. Further, the differentiation of node selfishness according to nodes' relationships on social structure level also displays intrinsic benefit in network performance in the presence of the node selfish behavior that is inevitable in real world. The results also show that hub nodes in the network, which undertake heavy relay mission, may play a more important role in forwarding activities under our model with social selfishness compared with unconditionally cooperative cases.
社交场景下的口袋交换网络(Pocket Switched Network, PSN)转发活动越来越受到人们的关注,这在很大程度上受到了PSN节点的社会特征,特别是在机会主义转发环境下共同构建其行为模型的社会网络结构和节点之间的自私特征的影响。通过分析和仿真,我们研究了社会网络结构和节点自私自利对PSN节点数据转发活动的影响。通过PROPHET算法得到的仿真结果表明,引入社会网络结构后,PSN的转发性能得到了提高,包括延迟时间和包投递率。此外,在现实世界中不可避免的节点自私行为存在的情况下,根据节点在社会结构层面的关系来区分节点自利,也会对网络性能产生内在的好处。结果还表明,与无条件合作情况相比,在我们的社会自私模型下,承担着繁重中继任务的网络枢纽节点可能在转发活动中发挥更重要的作用。
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引用次数: 0
Cell Planning with Macroscopic Diversity: Optimal Cell Deployment and SINR Evaluation under Frequency Scheduling 具有宏观分集的小区规划:频率调度下的最优小区部署和信噪比评估
Pub Date : 2014-05-18 DOI: 10.1109/VTCSpring.2014.7022854
Yasuhiro Ikeda, H. Saito, R. Kawahara
Macroscopic diversity (macro-diversity) techniques, such as coordinated multi-point transmission in LTE networks, are attracting attention for reducing the error rate of wireless transmission. We propose a cell-planning algorithm with macro- diversity when possible locations of cells are given. To define a cell, we focus on the desired received signal power of uplink determined by fractional power control. We also propose a signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) evaluation method under the obtained cell-deployment pattern, which takes into account frequency scheduling used in LTE networks. Numerical results show that by optimally deploying the cells, we can reduce the required number of cells to cover the defined domain by up to 30% compared to when the cells are selected greedily. Moreover, the SINR evaluation results suggest that reducing the required cells to cover the domain improves uplink SINR at the cell edge.
宏观分集(macro-diversity,宏分集)技术,如LTE网络中的协调多点传输,因其能降低无线传输的错误率而备受关注。在给定细胞可能位置的情况下,提出了一种具有宏观多样性的细胞规划算法。为了定义单元,我们重点关注上行链路的期望接收信号功率,该功率由分数功率控制决定。我们还在得到的蜂窝部署模式下提出了一种考虑LTE网络频率调度的信噪比评估方法。数值结果表明,与贪婪地选择细胞相比,通过优化部署细胞,我们可以将覆盖所定义区域所需的细胞数量减少30%。此外,信噪比评估结果表明,减少覆盖域所需的小区可以改善小区边缘的上行信噪比。
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引用次数: 2
Time-Gap Based Traffic Model for Vehicular Traffic Flow 基于时间间隙的车辆交通流模型
Pub Date : 2014-05-18 DOI: 10.1109/VTCSpring.2014.7023125
Seokheon Cho, R. Cruz, R. Rao, Anush Badii
There have been many studies for modeling vehicular traffic flow using fluid models. However, these previous approaches do not accommodate realistic models for traffic density, flow, and velocity. The existing models also fail to uncover the relationships among energy efficiency, capacity, and safety. We investigate traffic networks from a system-level perspective. In result, we provide a time-gap based mathematical traffic model for vehicular traffic flow on highways. Our model explains the widely known triangular fundamental diagram, which represents vehicular traffic systems with the three primary parameters: maximum free-flow velocity, a typical safety length of vehicles, and a mean value of the time-gap of the traffic data during congested conditions. This result is also well validated with measured traffic data using least squares matching and with previous research outcomes about the propagation velocity. In addition, we suggest two distinct analysis techniques to estimate the time-gap from the traffic data measured on highways.
利用流体模型对车辆交通流进行建模已经有了很多研究。然而,这些先前的方法不能适应交通密度、流量和速度的现实模型。现有的模型也未能揭示能源效率、产能和安全之间的关系。我们从系统级的角度来研究交通网络。因此,我们提供了一个基于时间间隙的高速公路车辆交通流数学模型。我们的模型解释了广为人知的三角形基本图,它代表了具有三个主要参数的车辆交通系统:最大自由流速度,车辆的典型安全长度,以及拥堵条件下交通数据的时间间隔的平均值。用最小二乘匹配的实测交通数据和前人关于传播速度的研究结果也很好地验证了这一结果。此外,我们提出了两种不同的分析技术来估计从公路上测量的交通数据的时间差距。
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引用次数: 4
Optimization Algorithms for Designing a Two-Section Dual-Band Transformer 两段双频变压器的优化设计算法
Pub Date : 2014-05-18 DOI: 10.1109/VTCSpring.2014.7023030
Yaqiao Luo, Kun Xu
In this paper, we focus on designing an impedance transformer with two sections and capable of achieving matching at two arbitrary frequencies. Specifically, the problem is formulated as minimizing the reflection coefficient by finding the optimal value of characteristic impedance and line length for the two section transmission line under the constraints of limited value for characteristic impedance. Using Convex Optimization and Steepest Descend Algorithm, we successfully find the optimal parameters for the transmission line. Simulation result shows that this algorithm can achieve reflection coefficient lower than 0.001 at the transmission frequency in GSM system while still guaranteeing a promising bandwidth of 70.6MHz.
在本文中,我们的重点是设计一个阻抗互感器具有两段,能够实现在两个任意频率的匹配。具体来说,在特征阻抗限制值的约束下,通过寻找两段传输线的最优特征阻抗和线长来最小化反射系数。采用凸优化和最陡下降算法,成功地找到了输电线路的最优参数。仿真结果表明,该算法在GSM系统的传输频率下可以实现小于0.001的反射系数,同时仍能保证70.6MHz的带宽。
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引用次数: 0
Impact of Modern Construction Materials on Radio Signal Propagation: Practical Measurements and Network Planning Aspects 现代建筑材料对无线电信号传播的影响:实际测量和网络规划方面
Pub Date : 2014-05-18 DOI: 10.1109/VTCSpring.2014.7022939
A. Asp, Yaroslav Sydorov, Mikko Keskikastari, M. Valkama, J. Niemelä
Use of energy efficient construction materials is increasing all the time due to more and more tightened building regulations, which aim is to reduce overall energy consumption and thereon e.g. mitigate climate change. Energy efficient building materials and structures improve heat insulation but also change the propagation characteristics of radio signals between outdoor and indoors. This paper examines in details such propagation effects and increased levels of outdoor-indoor attenuation in modern apartment buildings, and their impact on mobile cellular networks. In particular, the aim is to compare external wall attenuations for the modern and older apartment buildings and to assess the impact of increased attenuations for the density and planning of cell sites of mobile cellular macro networks. We also demonstrate and evaluate the opportunities for increased indoor signal coverage by using a dedicated aperture installed in building materials.
由于越来越严格的建筑法规,节能建筑材料的使用一直在增加,其目的是减少整体能源消耗,从而减缓气候变化。节能的建筑材料和结构提高了隔热性能,但也改变了无线电信号在室外和室内之间的传播特性。本文详细研究了现代公寓楼中这种传播效应和室内外衰减水平的增加,以及它们对移动蜂窝网络的影响。具体而言,目的是比较现代和旧公寓建筑的外墙衰减,并评估衰减增加对移动蜂窝宏观网络基站密度和规划的影响。我们还演示并评估了通过使用安装在建筑材料中的专用孔径来增加室内信号覆盖的机会。
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引用次数: 24
Mobility Performance of Macrocell-Assisted Small Cells in Manhattan Model 曼哈顿模型中大细胞辅助小细胞的迁移性能
Pub Date : 2014-05-18 DOI: 10.1109/VTCSpring.2014.7022987
Murat Karabacak, Dexin Wang, H. Ishii, H. Arslan
Macrocell-assisted small cell concepts, such as "Phantom cell concept" and "soft cell concept", have been proposed previously for interference management, flexible cell planning, and energy saving in dense small cell deployments. These concepts require macrocell involvement to improve links between small cell and user. Since target implementation areas of the concepts are crowded urban areas (e.g. downtown New York City) to satisfy the data need, more realistic simulations are needed to be implemented compared to conventional evaluations. In this paper, as a new approach to urban area LTE simulations, Manhattan grid layout is presented and implemented for mobility performance of Macrocell-assisted small Cell concept. The results show that the macrocell involvement to improve mobility performance gives a great advantage compared to using the conventional mobility solution for dense small cell deployments.
macrocell辅助的小小区概念,如“幻影小区概念”和“软小区概念”,已经被提出用于干扰管理、灵活的小区规划和密集小小区部署中的节能。这些概念需要宏细胞参与,以改善小细胞和用户之间的联系。由于这些概念的目标实施区域是拥挤的城市地区(例如纽约市市中心),以满足数据需求,因此与传统评价相比,需要实施更现实的模拟。本文提出并实现了曼哈顿网格布局作为一种新的城市LTE模拟方法,以提高macrocell辅助小蜂窝概念的移动性能。结果表明,与使用传统的移动解决方案进行密集小蜂窝部署相比,大蜂窝参与提高移动性能具有很大的优势。
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引用次数: 9
An Inter-Layer Protection Scheme with Block-Based Interleaving for MPEG-DASH over WiFi Multicast 基于块交错的WiFi组播MPEG-DASH层间保护方案
Pub Date : 2014-05-18 DOI: 10.1109/VTCSpring.2014.7022827
Shih-Ying Chang, Hsin-Ta Chiao
To facilitate the distribution of video contents, MPEG-DASH (Dynamic Streaming over HTTP) standard is developed to provide standardized manifest format, content format and streaming protocol for adaptive streaming, thereby increasing interoperability of Internet TV services. Although DASH contents are delivered by HTTP without supporting data multicast, some studies shows the possibility of delivering DASH contents over multicast channels for better service scalability or service quality. These studies usually employ scalable videos (e.g., SVC videos) to support efficient adaptive streaming. In this paper, we try to improve the error protection capability for delivering SVC videos by using layer-aware FEC (L-FEC). We apply two conventional L-FEC schemes and found that the improvement in the construction using multiple multicast groups is quite limited. Therefore, we propose a new inter-layer protection scheme with block-based interleaving to improve the performance. We also evaluate the performance of the proposed scheme and compare it with other schemes over real WiFi networks. The result shows that the proposed scheme can improve the source block recovery rate by 0.47%~2.42% when employed in multiple multicast group construction.
为了方便视频内容的分发,开发了MPEG-DASH (Dynamic Streaming over HTTP)标准,为自适应流提供标准化的清单格式、内容格式和流协议,从而提高了互联网电视业务的互操作性。虽然DASH内容是通过HTTP传输的,不支持数据组播,但一些研究表明,为了获得更好的服务可扩展性或服务质量,可以通过组播通道传输DASH内容。这些研究通常使用可扩展的视频(例如,SVC视频)来支持有效的自适应流。在本文中,我们尝试使用层感知FEC (L-FEC)来提高传输SVC视频的错误保护能力。我们应用了两种传统的L-FEC方案,发现使用多播组对结构的改进是非常有限的。因此,我们提出了一种新的基于块交错的层间保护方案来提高性能。我们还评估了所提出方案的性能,并将其与真实WiFi网络上的其他方案进行了比较。结果表明,该方案应用于多组播组构建时,源块恢复率可提高0.47%~2.42%。
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引用次数: 0
On the Estimation of Slow-Fading Coefficients for Pilot Contamination Precoding 导频污染预编码中慢衰落系数的估计
Pub Date : 2014-05-18 DOI: 10.1109/VTCSpring.2014.7023013
Jinho Choi, J. Ha
Massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) has been actively studied for next generation wireless systems since it can provide high data rate and an improved energy efficiency in multiuser systems using large antenna arrays at base stations (BSs). While massive MIMO has various advantages, its perfor- mance is known to be limited by pilot contamination. To mitigate the intercell interference resulting from pilot contamination, pilot contamination precoding (PCP) was proposed for downlink transmissions. For PCP, slow-fading coefficients need to be estimated. In this paper, we study the estimation of slow-fading coefficients. We show that slow-fading coefficients cannot be estimated using the conventional uplink training. Thus, we have proposed amplitude modulated pilot sequences, which allow us to estimate slow-fading coefficients without requiring additional orthogonal pilot sequences.
大规模多输入多输出(MIMO)技术可以在使用大型天线阵列的多用户系统中提供高数据速率和提高能源效率,因此在下一代无线系统中得到了积极的研究。虽然大规模MIMO有许多优点,但其性能受到导频污染的限制。为了减轻导频污染造成的小区间干扰,提出了导频污染预编码(PCP)用于下行传输。对于PCP,需要估计慢衰落系数。本文主要研究了慢衰落系数的估计问题。我们证明了使用传统的上行链路训练不能估计慢衰落系数。因此,我们提出了调幅导频序列,它允许我们估计慢衰落系数而不需要额外的正交导频序列。
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引用次数: 0
Improvement of Explicit Channel Feedback for MIMO-OFDM WLAN and Its Implementation MIMO-OFDM无线局域网显式信道反馈的改进及其实现
Pub Date : 2014-05-18 DOI: 10.1109/VTCSpring.2014.7022945
Min Chen, P. Tsai
In this paper, explicit channel feedback for MIMO- OFDM systems is investigated. We first show that by exploiting the finite signal space of the channel impulse response, sub-sampling smoothing filter can be designed to achieve both feedback reduction and noise suppression. Secondly, to improve the distribution of the signal to be quantized, it is better to extract the common scaling term from the spectral block to utilize frequency correlation rather than to extract from the spatial block. Simulation results show that the proposed channel feedback scheme with the good sub-sampling smoothing filter brings substantial performance gain and helps the reduction of feedback overhead compared to feedback of the noisy CSI with the grouping strategy. We also discuss the implementation of the feedback encoding block to evaluate the hardware requirements given the feedback throughput constraint. The feedback reduction ratio is also shown to be essential to hardware saving and processing cycles. The proposed scheme has been implemented in 90nm CMOS technology with a maximum operating clock frequency of 160 MHz. We demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed feedback encoding scheme with good performance and efficient hardware.
研究了MIMO- OFDM系统的显式信道反馈问题。我们首先证明了利用信道脉冲响应的有限信号空间,可以设计子采样平滑滤波器来实现反馈抑制和噪声抑制。其次,为了改善待量化信号的分布,与其从空间块中提取,不如从频谱块中提取公共标度项来利用频率相关性。仿真结果表明,与采用分组策略的有噪声CSI反馈相比,采用良好的子采样平滑滤波器的信道反馈方案获得了可观的性能增益,并有助于减少反馈开销。我们还讨论了反馈编码块的实现,以评估给定反馈吞吐量约束的硬件需求。反馈减小比对硬件节省和处理周期也很重要。该方案已在90纳米CMOS技术上实现,最大工作时钟频率为160 MHz。我们证明了所提出的反馈编码方案的可行性,具有良好的性能和高效的硬件。
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引用次数: 0
Rate and UE Selection Algorithms for Interference-Aware Receivers 干扰感知接收机的速率和UE选择算法
Pub Date : 2014-05-18 DOI: 10.1109/VTCSpring.2014.7023067
Vitaly Abdrashitov, Wooseok Nam, Dongwoon Bai
In cellular communications, user equipment (UE, i.e., mobile device)-side interference cancellation (IC) along with multicell coordinated scheduling can significantly reduce the effect of the downlink intercell interference. To aid UE-side IC, a study item, called network-assisted interference cancellation and suppression (NAICS), has been initiated for Long Term Evolution (LTE) Advanced Release 12. Among NAICS receivers, this paper considers a receiver with interference-aware successive decoding (IASD) capability, which is one of the most advanced UE-side IC techniques. The IASD achievable transmission rate is dependent on the interferer transmission rate. Thus, coordination among multiple cells for rate and UE selection would be necessary for the overall network performance enhancement. In this paper, we consider a single dominant interference model and propose an optimal single-user rate selection algorithm based on the belief-propagation framework. In the multi-user-per-cell case we propose several UE and rate selection algorithms and analyze their performance.
在蜂窝通信中,用户设备(UE,即移动设备)侧干扰消除(IC)以及多小区协调调度可以显著降低下行小区间干扰的影响。为了帮助ue端集成电路,长期演进(LTE)高级版本12启动了一项名为网络辅助干扰消除和抑制(NAICS)的研究项目。在NAICS接收机中,本文考虑了具有干扰感知连续解码(IASD)能力的接收机,这是最先进的ue端集成电路技术之一。IASD可实现的传输速率取决于干扰传输速率。因此,速率和UE选择的多个小区之间的协调对于整体网络性能的增强是必要的。本文考虑单优势干扰模型,提出了一种基于信念传播框架的单用户最优速率选择算法。在每个单元多用户的情况下,我们提出了几种UE和速率选择算法,并分析了它们的性能。
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引用次数: 16
期刊
2014 IEEE 79th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC Spring)
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