Pub Date : 2014-05-18DOI: 10.1109/VTCSpring.2014.7022975
Bo Yu, Liuqing Yang, H. Ishii, Xiang Cheng
Small cell is an attractive and promising technology for improving capacity in traffic hotspots using cell densification. We consider the traffic load balancing problem for small cells under the enhanced Local Area (eLA) architecture utilizing the flexible 3-dimensional (3D) beamforming facilitated by the adoption of the active antenna system (AAS) at base stations (BSs). Different load balancing methods based on combinations of cell association algorithms and antenna tilt adjustment schemes are proposed and evaluated via system level simulations. Results show the potential gain of traffic load balancing with 3D beamforming in terms of cell edge user throughput. In particular, for the enhanced load balancing cell association combined with UE (user equipment)-specific tilting scheme, significant cell edge user throughput improvements can be achieved while good average cell throughput performance can still be maintained.
{"title":"Load Balancing with Antenna Tilt Control in Enhanced Local Area Architecture","authors":"Bo Yu, Liuqing Yang, H. Ishii, Xiang Cheng","doi":"10.1109/VTCSpring.2014.7022975","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VTCSpring.2014.7022975","url":null,"abstract":"Small cell is an attractive and promising technology for improving capacity in traffic hotspots using cell densification. We consider the traffic load balancing problem for small cells under the enhanced Local Area (eLA) architecture utilizing the flexible 3-dimensional (3D) beamforming facilitated by the adoption of the active antenna system (AAS) at base stations (BSs). Different load balancing methods based on combinations of cell association algorithms and antenna tilt adjustment schemes are proposed and evaluated via system level simulations. Results show the potential gain of traffic load balancing with 3D beamforming in terms of cell edge user throughput. In particular, for the enhanced load balancing cell association combined with UE (user equipment)-specific tilting scheme, significant cell edge user throughput improvements can be achieved while good average cell throughput performance can still be maintained.","PeriodicalId":405517,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE 79th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC Spring)","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132676368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-05-18DOI: 10.1109/VTCSpring.2014.7022821
Xiang Ji, Yuantao Zhang, Zhi Zhang, Kodo Shu, C. Xing, Zesong Fei
In this paper, we focus on a new small cell discovery signal which improves the detection probability in ultra-dense small cell scenario. Due to the severe inter-cell interference, the detection performance of primary synchronization signal (PSS) and secondary synchronization signal (SSS) is deteriorated in future ultra-dense small cell scenario in the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) long term evolution (LTE) system. Thus the current supported 504 cell IDs may not be sufficient. To mitigate the impact of such inter-cell interference problems and improve the cell search performance with increasing number of detect target cells, we propose a novel defined auxiliary secondary synchronization signal (A-SSS) in cell search procedure. Our simulation results show that the detection probability of cell search can be improved effectively with the proposed method.
{"title":"An Efficient Synchronization Signal Design for Neighboring Cell Search","authors":"Xiang Ji, Yuantao Zhang, Zhi Zhang, Kodo Shu, C. Xing, Zesong Fei","doi":"10.1109/VTCSpring.2014.7022821","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VTCSpring.2014.7022821","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we focus on a new small cell discovery signal which improves the detection probability in ultra-dense small cell scenario. Due to the severe inter-cell interference, the detection performance of primary synchronization signal (PSS) and secondary synchronization signal (SSS) is deteriorated in future ultra-dense small cell scenario in the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) long term evolution (LTE) system. Thus the current supported 504 cell IDs may not be sufficient. To mitigate the impact of such inter-cell interference problems and improve the cell search performance with increasing number of detect target cells, we propose a novel defined auxiliary secondary synchronization signal (A-SSS) in cell search procedure. Our simulation results show that the detection probability of cell search can be improved effectively with the proposed method.","PeriodicalId":405517,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE 79th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC Spring)","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133124751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-05-18DOI: 10.1109/VTCSpring.2014.7023073
Quoc-Tuan Vien, H. Nguyen, P. Shah, E. Ever, D. To
This paper investigates relay selection for reliable data transmission in relay-assisted multisource multicast networks (RMMNs) where multiple source nodes distribute information to a set of destination nodes with the assistance of multiple relay nodes. Hybrid automatic repeat request with incremental redundancy (HARQ-IR) is used and supported by either a physical-layer network coding (PNC) or an analog network coding (ANC) technique employed at the relays. By deriving efficiency metrics of the HARQ-IR protocols, we propose relay selection schemes for RMMNs to minimize the transmission delay and energy consumption. Simulation results are provided to analyse each relay selection scheme.
{"title":"Relay Selection for Efficient HARQ-IR Protocols in Relay-Assisted Multisource Multicast Networks","authors":"Quoc-Tuan Vien, H. Nguyen, P. Shah, E. Ever, D. To","doi":"10.1109/VTCSpring.2014.7023073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VTCSpring.2014.7023073","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates relay selection for reliable data transmission in relay-assisted multisource multicast networks (RMMNs) where multiple source nodes distribute information to a set of destination nodes with the assistance of multiple relay nodes. Hybrid automatic repeat request with incremental redundancy (HARQ-IR) is used and supported by either a physical-layer network coding (PNC) or an analog network coding (ANC) technique employed at the relays. By deriving efficiency metrics of the HARQ-IR protocols, we propose relay selection schemes for RMMNs to minimize the transmission delay and energy consumption. Simulation results are provided to analyse each relay selection scheme.","PeriodicalId":405517,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE 79th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC Spring)","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133338141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-05-18DOI: 10.1109/VTCSpring.2014.7022934
Jeyeon Kim, Yutaro Sakamoto, T. Hasegawa
To ensure the safety of the handle type electric wheelchair at the time of day or night, we propose the hazard detection system by using the Kinect sensor for game, and carry out the performance evaluation of the system. In particular, we propose the detection method of the hazard object at the time of day or night, the size determination of the hazard object to be detected and the hazard detection area on the basis of the reaction time of the elderly people and Japan Industrial Standards (JIS). And then, after we build the hazard detection system, we conduct driving experiments that are the moving hazardous object detection in the time of day, and the stationary and the moving hazardous object in the time of day and night, and perform the evaluation of the detection ratio and the estimation accuracy of the system. These results show the feasibility of the proposed system in the handle type electric wheelchair.
{"title":"Hazard Detection System by Using the Kinect Sensor for Game in a Handle Type Electric Wheelchair","authors":"Jeyeon Kim, Yutaro Sakamoto, T. Hasegawa","doi":"10.1109/VTCSpring.2014.7022934","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VTCSpring.2014.7022934","url":null,"abstract":"To ensure the safety of the handle type electric wheelchair at the time of day or night, we propose the hazard detection system by using the Kinect sensor for game, and carry out the performance evaluation of the system. In particular, we propose the detection method of the hazard object at the time of day or night, the size determination of the hazard object to be detected and the hazard detection area on the basis of the reaction time of the elderly people and Japan Industrial Standards (JIS). And then, after we build the hazard detection system, we conduct driving experiments that are the moving hazardous object detection in the time of day, and the stationary and the moving hazardous object in the time of day and night, and perform the evaluation of the detection ratio and the estimation accuracy of the system. These results show the feasibility of the proposed system in the handle type electric wheelchair.","PeriodicalId":405517,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE 79th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC Spring)","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133736061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-05-18DOI: 10.1109/VTCSpring.2014.7022872
Zijia Huang, Xiaoxiang Wang, Xianan Wang, Wenrong Gong
In this paper, an iterative algorithm for decentralized beamforming with internal penalty function is proposed. This algorithm utilizes the property that a stationary point corresponding to local maximum of the objective function is found when gradient is zero. The convergence of the proposed algorithm is proved. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm is more robust against intra-cell and inter-cell interference than the traditional ones. Especially the proposed algorithm has higher rates as the number of users increases.
{"title":"Decentralized Beamforming for Multicell System Based on Internal Penalty Function","authors":"Zijia Huang, Xiaoxiang Wang, Xianan Wang, Wenrong Gong","doi":"10.1109/VTCSpring.2014.7022872","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VTCSpring.2014.7022872","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, an iterative algorithm for decentralized beamforming with internal penalty function is proposed. This algorithm utilizes the property that a stationary point corresponding to local maximum of the objective function is found when gradient is zero. The convergence of the proposed algorithm is proved. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm is more robust against intra-cell and inter-cell interference than the traditional ones. Especially the proposed algorithm has higher rates as the number of users increases.","PeriodicalId":405517,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE 79th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC Spring)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131987145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-05-18DOI: 10.1109/VTCSpring.2014.7022878
Yong Liu, Yanli Xu, Dong Li, Wei Wang
D2D communication in LTE-A cellular networks can improve overall system performance such as throughput and power consumption substantially and can enable and enhance many proximity based applications. This research topic gains great interest in both academic and industrial fields in recent years. The relevant 3GPP standardization on D2D communication has already begun in several discussion groups. We introduce standardization progress in this area, and describe relevant architecture design to enable D2D communication. We also discuss the challenges to incorporate D2D communication into existing cellular networks.
{"title":"Device-to-Device Communication in LTE-A Cellular Networks: Standardization, Architecture, and Challenge","authors":"Yong Liu, Yanli Xu, Dong Li, Wei Wang","doi":"10.1109/VTCSpring.2014.7022878","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VTCSpring.2014.7022878","url":null,"abstract":"D2D communication in LTE-A cellular networks can improve overall system performance such as throughput and power consumption substantially and can enable and enhance many proximity based applications. This research topic gains great interest in both academic and industrial fields in recent years. The relevant 3GPP standardization on D2D communication has already begun in several discussion groups. We introduce standardization progress in this area, and describe relevant architecture design to enable D2D communication. We also discuss the challenges to incorporate D2D communication into existing cellular networks.","PeriodicalId":405517,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE 79th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC Spring)","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132243919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-05-18DOI: 10.1109/VTCSpring.2014.7022938
Govardhan Madhugiri, Chrysostomos Koutsimanis, P. Skillermark
A key reference signal in 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) Release 8 is the cell specific reference signal (CRS). For example, the LTE transmission mode 4 (TM4) uses the CRSs to derive the channel and the interference estimates, utilized in the demodulation process and for acquisition of channel state information (CSI). LTE networks may further operate using different CRS configurations. In a non-shifted CRS configuration the same time and frequency resources are used for CRS transmissions in all cells. In a shifted CRS configuration different cells transmit CRSs on resources that are shifted in frequency. The non-shifted configuration avoids that the CRSs interfere with data transmissions, but is also associated with a systematic CSI estimation error; especially noticeable at low traffic. Using the shifted configuration the CRSs interfere with data transmissions but the CSI estimation error is smaller. In this paper, the LTE downlink performance is evaluated in a heterogeneous network deployment using shifted and non-shifted CRS configurations. The network operation is optimized by means of adjusting the transmission rank selection and channel quality estimation for each CRS configuration. The results demonstrate that under such operational conditions, a non-shifted CRS configuration delivers the highest performance.
{"title":"Impact of CSI Optimization and CRS Selection on Performance of LTE Release 8 Networks","authors":"Govardhan Madhugiri, Chrysostomos Koutsimanis, P. Skillermark","doi":"10.1109/VTCSpring.2014.7022938","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VTCSpring.2014.7022938","url":null,"abstract":"A key reference signal in 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) Release 8 is the cell specific reference signal (CRS). For example, the LTE transmission mode 4 (TM4) uses the CRSs to derive the channel and the interference estimates, utilized in the demodulation process and for acquisition of channel state information (CSI). LTE networks may further operate using different CRS configurations. In a non-shifted CRS configuration the same time and frequency resources are used for CRS transmissions in all cells. In a shifted CRS configuration different cells transmit CRSs on resources that are shifted in frequency. The non-shifted configuration avoids that the CRSs interfere with data transmissions, but is also associated with a systematic CSI estimation error; especially noticeable at low traffic. Using the shifted configuration the CRSs interfere with data transmissions but the CSI estimation error is smaller. In this paper, the LTE downlink performance is evaluated in a heterogeneous network deployment using shifted and non-shifted CRS configurations. The network operation is optimized by means of adjusting the transmission rank selection and channel quality estimation for each CRS configuration. The results demonstrate that under such operational conditions, a non-shifted CRS configuration delivers the highest performance.","PeriodicalId":405517,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE 79th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC Spring)","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134352099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-05-18DOI: 10.1109/VTCSpring.2014.7022841
M. Pelosi, F. D. Rosa
Current antenna design includes radiating elements whose performance is difficult to analyze with standard performance metrics such as scattering parameters. In this paper we present simulation results analyzing different Capacitive Coupling Elements (CCEs) tunable antenna topologies for 4G smartphones. Scattering parameters, tuning range and novel performance metrics such as both electromagnetic and duplex isolation are presented. It is found that the arrangement of radiators on the groundplane has a significant effect in determining the mutual coupling level, while configurations exhibiting a high bandwidth potential also lead to low isolation. Electromagnetic isolation also depends on the topology, while the duplex isolation is similar for each configuration as they represent comparable volumes on the groundplane.
{"title":"Bandwidth Potential, Electromagnetic and Duplex Isolation of Tunable Capacitive Coupling Element Antennas for 4G Smartphones","authors":"M. Pelosi, F. D. Rosa","doi":"10.1109/VTCSpring.2014.7022841","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VTCSpring.2014.7022841","url":null,"abstract":"Current antenna design includes radiating elements whose performance is difficult to analyze with standard performance metrics such as scattering parameters. In this paper we present simulation results analyzing different Capacitive Coupling Elements (CCEs) tunable antenna topologies for 4G smartphones. Scattering parameters, tuning range and novel performance metrics such as both electromagnetic and duplex isolation are presented. It is found that the arrangement of radiators on the groundplane has a significant effect in determining the mutual coupling level, while configurations exhibiting a high bandwidth potential also lead to low isolation. Electromagnetic isolation also depends on the topology, while the duplex isolation is similar for each configuration as they represent comparable volumes on the groundplane.","PeriodicalId":405517,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE 79th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC Spring)","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133118367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-05-18DOI: 10.1109/VTCSpring.2014.7022793
In-Sop Cho, S. Baek
In this paper, we study a downlink band allocation game and algorithms in heterogeneous networks consisting of eNodeB (eNB) and femtocells (FC). If eNB and FC act as selfish players which compete to maximize their own utility, the resulting Nash equilibria (NE) may show poor performance due to interference. We propose an algorithm to avoid such equilibria. Specifically, we impose high prices on certain bands, which discourages FC from allocating such bands to its users. The case of 2-player 2-band is analyzed, under which our proposed scheme excels the case of full competition. Simulation results show that our algorithm prevents the players from ending up in inefficient equilibrium points, and also improves performance and fairness.
{"title":"A Resource Allocation Game for Femtocell Networks and Constrained Equilibria","authors":"In-Sop Cho, S. Baek","doi":"10.1109/VTCSpring.2014.7022793","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VTCSpring.2014.7022793","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we study a downlink band allocation game and algorithms in heterogeneous networks consisting of eNodeB (eNB) and femtocells (FC). If eNB and FC act as selfish players which compete to maximize their own utility, the resulting Nash equilibria (NE) may show poor performance due to interference. We propose an algorithm to avoid such equilibria. Specifically, we impose high prices on certain bands, which discourages FC from allocating such bands to its users. The case of 2-player 2-band is analyzed, under which our proposed scheme excels the case of full competition. Simulation results show that our algorithm prevents the players from ending up in inefficient equilibrium points, and also improves performance and fairness.","PeriodicalId":405517,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE 79th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC Spring)","volume":"365 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131711653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-05-18DOI: 10.1109/VTCSpring.2014.7023068
Yue Peng, G. Andrieux, J. Diouris
The main objective of this paper is to present realistic energy consumption models to evaluate the energy consumption including both the transmission energy and the circuit energy at the transmitter when using Minimum Energy coding (ME-coding) On-Off Keying (OOK) scheme, we consider a simple communication link between sensor nodes. We present two energy models with a specific circuit (MAX1472) and we consider also the limitations, introduced by a practical circuit, in terms of symbol bit rate and output power. The results with the first model demonstrate that the total energy consumption of ME- Coding OOK is lower than that of the uncoded OOK, but the optimal choice of the code must take into account the limitations of the circuit. The second model with MAX1472 shutdown mode brings a reduction of the total energy consumption compared with the first model but is limited in the symbol rate. Due to this limitation, the optimal choice is finally the first model with a larger bit rate.
{"title":"Realistic Energy Consumption Model for On-Off Keying Based Minimum Energy Coding","authors":"Yue Peng, G. Andrieux, J. Diouris","doi":"10.1109/VTCSpring.2014.7023068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VTCSpring.2014.7023068","url":null,"abstract":"The main objective of this paper is to present realistic energy consumption models to evaluate the energy consumption including both the transmission energy and the circuit energy at the transmitter when using Minimum Energy coding (ME-coding) On-Off Keying (OOK) scheme, we consider a simple communication link between sensor nodes. We present two energy models with a specific circuit (MAX1472) and we consider also the limitations, introduced by a practical circuit, in terms of symbol bit rate and output power. The results with the first model demonstrate that the total energy consumption of ME- Coding OOK is lower than that of the uncoded OOK, but the optimal choice of the code must take into account the limitations of the circuit. The second model with MAX1472 shutdown mode brings a reduction of the total energy consumption compared with the first model but is limited in the symbol rate. Due to this limitation, the optimal choice is finally the first model with a larger bit rate.","PeriodicalId":405517,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE 79th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC Spring)","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134074798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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