Microdisplays are used in various optical devices such as headsets, viewfinders and helmet-mounted displays. The use of organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) in a microdisplay on silicone substrate provides the opportunity of lower power consumption and higher optical performance compared to other near-to-eye display technologies. Highly efficient, low-voltage, top emitting OLEDs are well suitable for the integration into a CMOSprocess. By reducing the operating voltage for the OLEDs below 5V, the costs for the CMOS process can be reduced significantly, because a standard process without high-voltage option can be used. Various OLED stacks on silicone substrate are presented, suitable for full colour (RGB) applications. Red and green emitting phosphorescent OLEDs and blue emitting fluorescent OLEDs all with doped charge transport layers were prepared on a two metal layer CMOS test substrate without active transistor area. Afterwards, the different test displays were measured and compared with respect to their performance (current, luminance, voltage, luminance dependence on viewing angle, optical outcoupling etc.)
{"title":"Full colour RGB OLEDs on CMOS for active-matrix OLED microdisplays","authors":"D. Kreye, M. Toerker, U. Vogel, J. Amelung","doi":"10.1117/12.680758","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.680758","url":null,"abstract":"Microdisplays are used in various optical devices such as headsets, viewfinders and helmet-mounted displays. The use of organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) in a microdisplay on silicone substrate provides the opportunity of lower power consumption and higher optical performance compared to other near-to-eye display technologies. Highly efficient, low-voltage, top emitting OLEDs are well suitable for the integration into a CMOSprocess. By reducing the operating voltage for the OLEDs below 5V, the costs for the CMOS process can be reduced significantly, because a standard process without high-voltage option can be used. Various OLED stacks on silicone substrate are presented, suitable for full colour (RGB) applications. Red and green emitting phosphorescent OLEDs and blue emitting fluorescent OLEDs all with doped charge transport layers were prepared on a two metal layer CMOS test substrate without active transistor area. Afterwards, the different test displays were measured and compared with respect to their performance (current, luminance, voltage, luminance dependence on viewing angle, optical outcoupling etc.)","PeriodicalId":406438,"journal":{"name":"SPIE Optics + Photonics","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126955360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Here we report results of time-of-flight (ToF) measurements on blends of different ratios of poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene-cobis- N,N'-(4-methoxylphenyl)-bis-N,N'-phenyl-1,4-phenylenediamine) (PFMO) and the structurally similar poly(9,9- dioctylfluorene-co-N-(4-methoxyphenyl)diphenylamine) (TFMO). It is shown that the hole mobility can be tuned over three orders of magnitude with a mobility minimum at 10% PFMO and 90% TFMO. We also use Raman microscopy to demonstrate that the blends do not phase separate within the one micron resolution of our experiment.
{"title":"Tuning hole transport in a highly dispersed blend of chemically similar polyfluorene copolymers","authors":"M. J. Harding, R. Maher, L. Cohen, A. Campbell","doi":"10.1117/12.681024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.681024","url":null,"abstract":"Here we report results of time-of-flight (ToF) measurements on blends of different ratios of poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene-cobis- N,N'-(4-methoxylphenyl)-bis-N,N'-phenyl-1,4-phenylenediamine) (PFMO) and the structurally similar poly(9,9- dioctylfluorene-co-N-(4-methoxyphenyl)diphenylamine) (TFMO). It is shown that the hole mobility can be tuned over three orders of magnitude with a mobility minimum at 10% PFMO and 90% TFMO. We also use Raman microscopy to demonstrate that the blends do not phase separate within the one micron resolution of our experiment.","PeriodicalId":406438,"journal":{"name":"SPIE Optics + Photonics","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128613894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Norrman, Jan Alstrup, M. Jørgensen, M. Lira-Cantú, N. Larsen, F. Krebs
Insufficient lifetimes of organic photovoltaics are manifested in a reduced photovoltaic response, which is a consequence of physical and chemical degradation of the photovoltaic device. To prevent degradation it is vital to gain detailed insight into the degradation mechanisms. This is possible by utilizing state-of-the-art characterization techniques such as TOF-SIMS, XPS, AFM, SEM, interference microscopy and fluorescence microscopy as well as isotopic labeling (18O2 and H218O). By a combination of lateral and vertical analyses of the devices we obtain in-depth and in-plane information on the reactions and changes that take place in the various layers and interfaces. Examples will be presented that describe the advantages and disadvantages of various characterization techniques in relation to obtaining information on the degradation behavior of complete photovoltaic devices.
{"title":"Three-dimensional chemical and physical analysis of the degradation mechanisms in organic photovoltaics","authors":"K. Norrman, Jan Alstrup, M. Jørgensen, M. Lira-Cantú, N. Larsen, F. Krebs","doi":"10.1117/12.680403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.680403","url":null,"abstract":"Insufficient lifetimes of organic photovoltaics are manifested in a reduced photovoltaic response, which is a consequence of physical and chemical degradation of the photovoltaic device. To prevent degradation it is vital to gain detailed insight into the degradation mechanisms. This is possible by utilizing state-of-the-art characterization techniques such as TOF-SIMS, XPS, AFM, SEM, interference microscopy and fluorescence microscopy as well as isotopic labeling (18O2 and H218O). By a combination of lateral and vertical analyses of the devices we obtain in-depth and in-plane information on the reactions and changes that take place in the various layers and interfaces. Examples will be presented that describe the advantages and disadvantages of various characterization techniques in relation to obtaining information on the degradation behavior of complete photovoltaic devices.","PeriodicalId":406438,"journal":{"name":"SPIE Optics + Photonics","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123094931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The effect of side-chains on the molecular weight and the optical and electrical property of a low band gap copolymer poly{(9,9-dioctylfluorene)-2,7-diyl-alt-[4,7-bis(3-decyloxythien-2-yl)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole]-5',5"-diyl} (PF-co-DTB) was studied. The decyloxy side-chains help to increase molecular weight (Mw = 115,000) and decrease the band gap (1.78 eV) as well as the oxidation potential (-5.4 eV). Zero-field mobility of 2×10-5 cm2/Vs is measured in hole-only devices. Photovoltaic devices based on PF-co-DTB/fullerene bulk-heterojunction show power conversion efficiency of up to 1.6% under air mass 1.5G, 100 mW/cm2 illumination. Side-chains effect on the photovoltaic devices studies show the trade-off between short circuit current increase and open-circuit voltage drop. Thermal annealing on device performance is also discussed.
{"title":"Effect of side-chains on low band gap polymer photovoltaic devices","authors":"Yan Yao, Chenjun Shi, Q. Pei, Yang Yang","doi":"10.1117/12.683077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.683077","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of side-chains on the molecular weight and the optical and electrical property of a low band gap copolymer poly{(9,9-dioctylfluorene)-2,7-diyl-alt-[4,7-bis(3-decyloxythien-2-yl)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole]-5',5\"-diyl} (PF-co-DTB) was studied. The decyloxy side-chains help to increase molecular weight (Mw = 115,000) and decrease the band gap (1.78 eV) as well as the oxidation potential (-5.4 eV). Zero-field mobility of 2×10-5 cm2/Vs is measured in hole-only devices. Photovoltaic devices based on PF-co-DTB/fullerene bulk-heterojunction show power conversion efficiency of up to 1.6% under air mass 1.5G, 100 mW/cm2 illumination. Side-chains effect on the photovoltaic devices studies show the trade-off between short circuit current increase and open-circuit voltage drop. Thermal annealing on device performance is also discussed.","PeriodicalId":406438,"journal":{"name":"SPIE Optics + Photonics","volume":"6334 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131016956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Seunguk Noh, Jiyoung Kim, Changhee Lee, Moon-Jae Lee, Byung-Jun Jung, D. Hwang, Soo‐Hyoung Lee, Hyunjune Kim
Thermal annealing has been widely used to improve device performances of organic solar cells with regioregular (RR) poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and [6,6]-phenyl C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) bulk heterojunction blends. Especially, short-circuit current density (Jsc) of the thermally-annealed device is significantly increased compared to that of the non-annealed one. The Jsc is proportional to the product of the carrier mobility and the number of photogenerated carriers which depends on the photocarrier generation efficiency and carrier recombination lifetime. Therefore, the enhanced Jsc implies that the thermal annealing can increase either the mobility and/or lifetime of the photogenerated carriers. In order to understand which parameter is more affected by thermal annealing, we compared the temperature dependence of the Jsc and carrier mobility of P3HT:PCBM (1:1, weight%) blend solar cells. The carrier mobility, measured from a time-of-flight photoconductivity (TOF-PC) measurement, increases from about 10-5 cm2/Vs to the order of 10-4 cm2/Vs as the temperature increases from 300 K to 360 K and then saturates above 360 K up to 400 K. This behavior is very similar to the temperature dependence of the current density of the P3HT:PCBM solar cell devices with the same blend ratio. Therefore, this correlation indicates that the thermal annealing increases the carrier mobility by improving morphological order of the blend film and thereby enhances the Jsc of the P3HT:PCBM blend solar cells.
{"title":"Correlation between the temperature dependences of short-circuit current and carrier mobility in P3HT:PCBM blend solar cells","authors":"Seunguk Noh, Jiyoung Kim, Changhee Lee, Moon-Jae Lee, Byung-Jun Jung, D. Hwang, Soo‐Hyoung Lee, Hyunjune Kim","doi":"10.1117/12.678890","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.678890","url":null,"abstract":"Thermal annealing has been widely used to improve device performances of organic solar cells with regioregular (RR) poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and [6,6]-phenyl C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) bulk heterojunction blends. Especially, short-circuit current density (Jsc) of the thermally-annealed device is significantly increased compared to that of the non-annealed one. The Jsc is proportional to the product of the carrier mobility and the number of photogenerated carriers which depends on the photocarrier generation efficiency and carrier recombination lifetime. Therefore, the enhanced Jsc implies that the thermal annealing can increase either the mobility and/or lifetime of the photogenerated carriers. In order to understand which parameter is more affected by thermal annealing, we compared the temperature dependence of the Jsc and carrier mobility of P3HT:PCBM (1:1, weight%) blend solar cells. The carrier mobility, measured from a time-of-flight photoconductivity (TOF-PC) measurement, increases from about 10-5 cm2/Vs to the order of 10-4 cm2/Vs as the temperature increases from 300 K to 360 K and then saturates above 360 K up to 400 K. This behavior is very similar to the temperature dependence of the current density of the P3HT:PCBM solar cell devices with the same blend ratio. Therefore, this correlation indicates that the thermal annealing increases the carrier mobility by improving morphological order of the blend film and thereby enhances the Jsc of the P3HT:PCBM blend solar cells.","PeriodicalId":406438,"journal":{"name":"SPIE Optics + Photonics","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126154242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Waldauf, P. Denk, M. Morana, C. Brabec, K. Coakley, Pavel Schilinsky, S. Choulis
The challenge to reversing the layer sequence of organic photovoltaics (OPVs) is to prepare a selective contact bottom cathode and to achieve a suitable morphology for carrier collection in the inverted structure. We report the creation of an efficient electron selective bottom contact based on a solution-processed Titania layer on top of Indium Tin Oxide. The use of o-xylene as the casting solvent creates an efficient carrier collection network with little vertical phase segregation, providing sufficient performance for both regular as well as inverted solar cells. We demonstrate inverted layer sequence OPVs with AM 1.5-calibrated power conversion efficiencies of over 3%.
{"title":"Alternative device concepts for future requirements of organic photovoltaic cells","authors":"C. Waldauf, P. Denk, M. Morana, C. Brabec, K. Coakley, Pavel Schilinsky, S. Choulis","doi":"10.1117/12.682226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.682226","url":null,"abstract":"The challenge to reversing the layer sequence of organic photovoltaics (OPVs) is to prepare a selective contact bottom cathode and to achieve a suitable morphology for carrier collection in the inverted structure. We report the creation of an efficient electron selective bottom contact based on a solution-processed Titania layer on top of Indium Tin Oxide. The use of o-xylene as the casting solvent creates an efficient carrier collection network with little vertical phase segregation, providing sufficient performance for both regular as well as inverted solar cells. We demonstrate inverted layer sequence OPVs with AM 1.5-calibrated power conversion efficiencies of over 3%.","PeriodicalId":406438,"journal":{"name":"SPIE Optics + Photonics","volume":"38 11","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131457381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Elwell, G. Cantwell, D. Scott, R. Esplin, G. Hansen, S. Jensen, M. Jensen, S. Brown, L. Zollinger, V. Thurgood, M. Esplin, R. Huppi, G. Bingham, H. Revercomb, F. Best, D. Tobin, J. Taylor, R. Knuteson, W. Smith, R. Reisse, R. Hooker
The Geosynchronous Imaging Fourier Transform Spectrometer (GIFTS) was developed for the NASA New Millennium Program (NMP) Earth Observing-3 (EO-3) mission. This paper discusses the GIFTS measurement requirements and the technology utilized by the GIFTS sensor to provide the required system performance. Also presented are preliminary results from the recently completed calibration of the instrument. The GIFTS NMP mission challenge was to demonstrate new and emerging sensor and data processing technologies to make revolutionary improvements in meteorological observational capability and forecasting accuracy using atmospheric imaging and hyperspectral sounding methods. The GIFTS sensor is an imaging FTS with programmable spectral resolution and spatial scene selection, allowing radiometric accuracy and atmospheric sounding precision to be traded in near-real time for area coverage. System sensitivity is achieved through the use of a cryogenic Michelson interferometer and two large-area, IR focal plane detector arrays. Due to funding limitations, the GIFTS sensor module was completed as an engineering demonstration unit, which can be upgraded for flight qualification. Capability to meet the next generation geosynchronous sounding requirements has been successfully demonstrated through thermal vacuum testing and rigorous IR calibration activities.
{"title":"A geosynchronous imaging Fourier transform spectrometer (GIFTS) for hyperspectral atmospheric remote sensing: instrument overview and preliminary performance results","authors":"J. Elwell, G. Cantwell, D. Scott, R. Esplin, G. Hansen, S. Jensen, M. Jensen, S. Brown, L. Zollinger, V. Thurgood, M. Esplin, R. Huppi, G. Bingham, H. Revercomb, F. Best, D. Tobin, J. Taylor, R. Knuteson, W. Smith, R. Reisse, R. Hooker","doi":"10.1117/12.684135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.684135","url":null,"abstract":"The Geosynchronous Imaging Fourier Transform Spectrometer (GIFTS) was developed for the NASA New Millennium Program (NMP) Earth Observing-3 (EO-3) mission. This paper discusses the GIFTS measurement requirements and the technology utilized by the GIFTS sensor to provide the required system performance. Also presented are preliminary results from the recently completed calibration of the instrument. The GIFTS NMP mission challenge was to demonstrate new and emerging sensor and data processing technologies to make revolutionary improvements in meteorological observational capability and forecasting accuracy using atmospheric imaging and hyperspectral sounding methods. The GIFTS sensor is an imaging FTS with programmable spectral resolution and spatial scene selection, allowing radiometric accuracy and atmospheric sounding precision to be traded in near-real time for area coverage. System sensitivity is achieved through the use of a cryogenic Michelson interferometer and two large-area, IR focal plane detector arrays. Due to funding limitations, the GIFTS sensor module was completed as an engineering demonstration unit, which can be upgraded for flight qualification. Capability to meet the next generation geosynchronous sounding requirements has been successfully demonstrated through thermal vacuum testing and rigorous IR calibration activities.","PeriodicalId":406438,"journal":{"name":"SPIE Optics + Photonics","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124458704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Gordley, M. Hervig, J. Russell, C. Fish, Gregory J. Paxton, John C. Burton, M. McHugh
The Solar Occultation For Ice Experiment (SOFIE) is scheduled for launch onboard the Aeronomy of Ice in the Mesosphere (AIM) satellite in March 2007. SOFIE is designed to measure polar mesospheric clouds (PMCs) and the environment in which they form. SOFIE will conduct solar occultation measurements in 16 spectral bands that are used to retrieve vertical profiles of temperature, O3, H2O, CO2, CH4, NO, and PMC extinction at 10 wavelengths. Thirty occultations are observed each day covering latitudes from 65° - 85°S and 65° - 85°N. The PMC measurements are simultaneous with temperature and gas measurements that are unaffected by PMC signal. This data set will be the first of its kind, and allow new advancements in the understanding of the upper mesosphere.
{"title":"Sounding the upper mesosphere using broadband solar occultation: the SOFIE experiment","authors":"L. Gordley, M. Hervig, J. Russell, C. Fish, Gregory J. Paxton, John C. Burton, M. McHugh","doi":"10.1117/12.682050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.682050","url":null,"abstract":"The Solar Occultation For Ice Experiment (SOFIE) is scheduled for launch onboard the Aeronomy of Ice in the Mesosphere (AIM) satellite in March 2007. SOFIE is designed to measure polar mesospheric clouds (PMCs) and the environment in which they form. SOFIE will conduct solar occultation measurements in 16 spectral bands that are used to retrieve vertical profiles of temperature, O3, H2O, CO2, CH4, NO, and PMC extinction at 10 wavelengths. Thirty occultations are observed each day covering latitudes from 65° - 85°S and 65° - 85°N. The PMC measurements are simultaneous with temperature and gas measurements that are unaffected by PMC signal. This data set will be the first of its kind, and allow new advancements in the understanding of the upper mesosphere.","PeriodicalId":406438,"journal":{"name":"SPIE Optics + Photonics","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132346741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Over thirty five years have elapsed since the fiber optic gyro was proposed by Vali and Shorthill. In those decades, fiber gyros have matured. They are competing head to head with existing technologies such as mechanical gyros and RLGs in tactical, navigation and strategic applications and are winning. Northrop Grumman has produced the majority of fiber optic gyros and fiber optic gyro based inertial products in the world. This paper will cover the various Northrop fiber gyro products, the platforms they are used on, as well as production and top level system data.
{"title":"Fiber optic gyros: the vision realized","authors":"G. Pavlath","doi":"10.1117/12.683457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.683457","url":null,"abstract":"Over thirty five years have elapsed since the fiber optic gyro was proposed by Vali and Shorthill. In those decades, fiber gyros have matured. They are competing head to head with existing technologies such as mechanical gyros and RLGs in tactical, navigation and strategic applications and are winning. Northrop Grumman has produced the majority of fiber optic gyros and fiber optic gyro based inertial products in the world. This paper will cover the various Northrop fiber gyro products, the platforms they are used on, as well as production and top level system data.","PeriodicalId":406438,"journal":{"name":"SPIE Optics + Photonics","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134536096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Mansurova, M. Espinosa, P. Rodriguez, M. Gather, K. Meerholz
We report on the use of a photorefractive polymer composite as the active material for a planar photo- EMF detector suitable for the adaptive detection of optical phase modulated signals in the audio range (10Hz-10KHz). The composite is based on a conjugated triphenyldiamine- phenylenevinylene polymer (TPD-PPV) and is sensitized with a highly soluble fullerene derivative (PCBM). We demonstrate experimentally that the responsitivity of such polymer based detectors can be remarkably enhanced if the polymer sample is biased by an external dc field. This effect is theoretically explained by the strong dependence of the charge carrier generation rate on the external dc field, which is an inherent property of organic photoconductors.
{"title":"Detection of vibrations in the audio range using photorefractive polymers","authors":"S. Mansurova, M. Espinosa, P. Rodriguez, M. Gather, K. Meerholz","doi":"10.1117/12.681104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.681104","url":null,"abstract":"We report on the use of a photorefractive polymer composite as the active material for a planar photo- EMF detector suitable for the adaptive detection of optical phase modulated signals in the audio range (10Hz-10KHz). The composite is based on a conjugated triphenyldiamine- phenylenevinylene polymer (TPD-PPV) and is sensitized with a highly soluble fullerene derivative (PCBM). We demonstrate experimentally that the responsitivity of such polymer based detectors can be remarkably enhanced if the polymer sample is biased by an external dc field. This effect is theoretically explained by the strong dependence of the charge carrier generation rate on the external dc field, which is an inherent property of organic photoconductors.","PeriodicalId":406438,"journal":{"name":"SPIE Optics + Photonics","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114525063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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