This study examined surface texture engraved by laser irradiation in sulfuric acid solution. The Laser irradiation accelerates local corrosion in acid solution, and forms groove pattern. This process is called (cid:672) Laser etching (cid:673) . It shall be noted that the simple application of laser etching can merely create an entire surface corrosion. By applying passive potential, the groove depth of corrosion by laser irradiation be-came deeper than natural potential and area which was not irradiated by laser did not corrode. The groove depth of corrosion increased with increasing laser power and increasing scanning number of laser irradiation in 100 and 200 µm beam diameter. The groove width of corrosion decreased with increasing scanning speed of laser beam. Under the same laser power, groove width of corrosion by laser irradiation was approximately constant, but groove width of corrosion by laser in 100 µm beam diameter was smaller than 200 µm beam diameter under optimum laser power condition. From these results, tapered groove and multi grooves of corrosion can be formed by laser etching.
{"title":"Surface texturing of stainless steel engraved by laser etching","authors":"Yoshiyuki Horiguchi, Ryoji Shinhori, Motoaki Osawa","doi":"10.5346/trbane.2021.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5346/trbane.2021.23","url":null,"abstract":"This study examined surface texture engraved by laser irradiation in sulfuric acid solution. The Laser irradiation accelerates local corrosion in acid solution, and forms groove pattern. This process is called (cid:672) Laser etching (cid:673) . It shall be noted that the simple application of laser etching can merely create an entire surface corrosion. By applying passive potential, the groove depth of corrosion by laser irradiation be-came deeper than natural potential and area which was not irradiated by laser did not corrode. The groove depth of corrosion increased with increasing laser power and increasing scanning number of laser irradiation in 100 and 200 µm beam diameter. The groove width of corrosion decreased with increasing scanning speed of laser beam. Under the same laser power, groove width of corrosion by laser irradiation was approximately constant, but groove width of corrosion by laser in 100 µm beam diameter was smaller than 200 µm beam diameter under optimum laser power condition. From these results, tapered groove and multi grooves of corrosion can be formed by laser etching.","PeriodicalId":406647,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of Japan Society of Spring Engineers","volume":"116 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124095240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
W. Nakao, Fumiya Ishibashi, Y. Neishi, Shoichi Suzuki, N. Matsui, Takashi Iwamoto, YoshiyaFUJITA, Fudamitsu Amano, T. Eguchi, M. Miyata, Nobuhiro Shibuya, Kai Morimichi
The guideline as kinetic equation of decarburizing to prevent excess decrease in fatigue strength, which is expressed as temperature the quenching starts, has been proposed from the systematic investigation on decarburizing spring steels ; where % M ［ mass% ］ indicates content of element M in steel, d ［ mm ］ initial particle size of austenite. Re-ferring the guideline, quenching from above the evaluated temperature, T Q can prevent excess decrease in fatigue strength the spring steel exposed to high temperature decarburizing atmosphere, whose temperature is T h ’［℃］ and decarburizing time is t ［ s ］ , because the quenching leads to form the quench microstructure without surface ferrite layer. In the case that the exposed atmosphere is excess CO 2 content, as same as the atmosphere of gas combustion furnace, the value of surface carbon content, C S ［ mass% ］ can be employed to be 0.2. Moreover, if the cooling rate is grater than 80 ℃ /s corresponding to the cooling rate of oil quenching, the guideline can be used to every spring steels. Similarly if temperature rise is slow, the guideline can be acceptable with modifi cation of the term of decarburizing time to t ＋ 0.03 t r , where t r ［ s ］ is the time period of temperature rise.
通过对弹簧钢脱碳过程的系统研究，提出了防止疲劳强度过度下降的脱碳动力学方程准则，该准则以淬火开始温度表示;式中% M[质量%]为钢中M元素的含量，d [mm]为奥氏体初始粒度。参考指南，在温度T h′[℃]，脱碳时间T [s]的高温脱碳气氛中淬火，由于淬火导致形成无表面铁素体层的淬火组织，因此，在评定温度T Q以上淬火，可以防止弹簧钢疲劳强度的过度下降。在暴露气氛为过量CO 2含量的情况下，与燃气燃烧炉气氛相同，表面碳含量cs[质量%]值可取0.2。此外，如果冷却速度大于80℃/s，对应于油淬火的冷却速度，则该准则可用于所有弹簧钢。同样，当温度上升缓慢时，将脱碳时间修改为t + 0.03 t r，其中t r [s]为温度上升的时间段，也可以接受。
{"title":"Kinetic Analysis on decarburizing of Spring Steel","authors":"W. Nakao, Fumiya Ishibashi, Y. Neishi, Shoichi Suzuki, N. Matsui, Takashi Iwamoto, YoshiyaFUJITA, Fudamitsu Amano, T. Eguchi, M. Miyata, Nobuhiro Shibuya, Kai Morimichi","doi":"10.5346/trbane.2021.97","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5346/trbane.2021.97","url":null,"abstract":"The guideline as kinetic equation of decarburizing to prevent excess decrease in fatigue strength, which is expressed as temperature the quenching starts, has been proposed from the systematic investigation on decarburizing spring steels ; where % M ［ mass% ］ indicates content of element M in steel, d ［ mm ］ initial particle size of austenite. Re-ferring the guideline, quenching from above the evaluated temperature, T Q can prevent excess decrease in fatigue strength the spring steel exposed to high temperature decarburizing atmosphere, whose temperature is T h ’［℃］ and decarburizing time is t ［ s ］ , because the quenching leads to form the quench microstructure without surface ferrite layer. In the case that the exposed atmosphere is excess CO 2 content, as same as the atmosphere of gas combustion furnace, the value of surface carbon content, C S ［ mass% ］ can be employed to be 0.2. Moreover, if the cooling rate is grater than 80 ℃ /s corresponding to the cooling rate of oil quenching, the guideline can be used to every spring steels. Similarly if temperature rise is slow, the guideline can be acceptable with modifi cation of the term of decarburizing time to t ＋ 0.03 t r , where t r ［ s ］ is the time period of temperature rise.","PeriodicalId":406647,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of Japan Society of Spring Engineers","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127903103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
grain refinement strengthening ） . In addition, the hardness is affected by the roundness of the indenter tip. Therefore, in order to establish an indentation method for the nano region, we pro-posed an empirical formula that uses monocrystal metal as a standard sample and converts the indentation depth into hardness. The hardness conversion of this nano region corresponds to the hardness of the macro region. Multi-scale mechanical properties were made possible by plotting hardness on the vertical axis and indentation size on the horizontal axis from the nano region to the macro region. In this paper, we describe the nanoindentation test equipment and the hardness conversion method for the nano region, and introduce examples of multi-scale mechanical characterization.
{"title":"Multi-scale Mechanical Property Strength Analysis","authors":"N. Nagashima","doi":"10.5346/trbane.2021.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5346/trbane.2021.13","url":null,"abstract":"grain refinement strengthening ） . In addition, the hardness is affected by the roundness of the indenter tip. Therefore, in order to establish an indentation method for the nano region, we pro-posed an empirical formula that uses monocrystal metal as a standard sample and converts the indentation depth into hardness. The hardness conversion of this nano region corresponds to the hardness of the macro region. Multi-scale mechanical properties were made possible by plotting hardness on the vertical axis and indentation size on the horizontal axis from the nano region to the macro region. In this paper, we describe the nanoindentation test equipment and the hardness conversion method for the nano region, and introduce examples of multi-scale mechanical characterization.","PeriodicalId":406647,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of Japan Society of Spring Engineers","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130938232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Influence of Laser Peening on the Fatigue Strength of 3D Additive Manufactured Maraging Steel","authors":"Shiori Tsuchiya, Koji Takahashi","doi":"10.5346/trbane.2021.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5346/trbane.2021.7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":406647,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of Japan Society of Spring Engineers","volume":"165 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115130508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effect of the Microstructure on Strength properties of the Duplex Stainless Steel wire after Cold drawing and Aging","authors":"Shota Yamasaki, Kohji Takano","doi":"10.5346/trbane.2021.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5346/trbane.2021.1","url":null,"abstract":"二相ステンレス鋼は塩化物環境における優れた耐応力腐 食割れ性及び耐孔食性,高強度を示すため,塩化物環境や 高強度部材を中心に幅広い用途で使用されている.二相 ステンレス鋼の強度特性について,これまで固溶化熱処理 材に関する研究は多いが,伸線などの強加工や時効処 理された二相ステンレス鋼の強度特性に関する研究は少な い.二相ステンレス鋼線の研究事例として,ロープ用途が あり,微細なα/γ二相組織が耐疲労特性を向上すること を報告している.渡辺らは HPT加工された安定なオー ステナイトを有する二相ステンレス鋼の加工硬化特性と時 効硬化特性を調査している.上記の二相ステンレス鋼は 加工で加工誘起マルテンサイト変態を伴わない安定なオー ステナイトを有するものである.一方,加工誘起マルテン サイト変態を伴う準安定オーステナイトを含む二相ステン レス鋼の強加工時の加工硬化や時効処理材の強度特性を調 査した例は殆どない.ばね用ステンレス鋼線の加工硬化特 性,時効硬化特性や剛性率(ばね定数)などの強度特性は, 捻り応力モードのコイルばねの応力設計に必要な特性であ る.これら強度特性はばねの軽量化などへも寄与し,影響 因子を明らかにすることは工業的に意義が大きい.本研究 では,二相ステンレス鋼のコイルばね設計に有効な鋼線素 材の加工硬化特性,時効硬化特性や剛性率などの強度特性 に及ぼす成分,伸線率,時効処理条件や金属組織の影響を 調査した.","PeriodicalId":406647,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of Japan Society of Spring Engineers","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122863566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Analysis of Large Deformations in a Net Structure (Towards Deformation Analysis in a Medical Device: Stent)","authors":"A. Ohtsuki, T. Iwata","doi":"10.5346/trbane.2021.39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5346/trbane.2021.39","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":406647,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of Japan Society of Spring Engineers","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115481598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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