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Contribution of strain-hardening cementitious composites (SHCC) to shear resistance in hybrid reinforced concrete beams 应变硬化胶凝复合材料(SHCC)对混合钢筋混凝土梁抗剪性能的贡献
Q4 ENGINEERING, CIVIL Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/grmk2300006l
Mladena Luković, Bartosz Budnik, Jelena Dragaš, Vedran Carević, Ivan Ignjatović
Strain Hardening Cementitious Composite (SHCC) is an innovative type of fibre-reinforced cement-based composite that has superior tensile properties. Because of this, it holds the potential to enhance the shear capacity of reinforced concrete (RC) beams, if applied properly. This paper presents the general and distinctive properties of SHCC as well as a literature review of topics related to the contribution of SHCC layers to the shear resistance of RC beams with and without shear reinforcement. Based on the analysed results, it is concluded that the main characteristics of SHCC are its microcracking behaviour, high ductility, and increased tensile strength (between 2 and 8 MPa) at large deformations. When used in structural elements, SHCC develops multiple parallel cracks compared to concentrated cracks in conventionally reinforced concrete. The biggest disadvantage of SHCC is its significant drying shrinkage. Although showing high variability, using SHCC as laminates with a thickness of 10 mm improves the shear capacity of hybrid RC beams, but debonding of interfaces in a hybrid system occurs in some cases.
应变硬化水泥基复合材料(SHCC)是一种新型的纤维增强水泥基复合材料,具有优异的拉伸性能。正因为如此,如果应用得当,它具有增强钢筋混凝土(RC)梁抗剪能力的潜力。本文介绍了SHCC的一般和独特的性能,并对有关SHCC层对有剪力加固和无剪力加固的RC梁抗剪能力的贡献的主题进行了文献综述。基于分析结果,得出SHCC的主要特征是微裂行为、高延展性和大变形时抗拉强度的提高(2 ~ 8 MPa)。当用于结构构件时,与传统钢筋混凝土中的集中裂缝相比,SHCC会产生多个平行裂缝。SHCC最大的缺点是干燥收缩率大。虽然使用厚度为10 mm的SHCC层合板可以提高混合RC梁的抗剪能力,但在某些情况下会发生界面剥离。
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引用次数: 0
Domain reduction method: Formulation, possibilities, and examples for analyzing seismic soil-structure interaction 区域约简法:分析地震土-结构相互作用的公式、可能性和例子
Q4 ENGINEERING, CIVIL Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/grmk2300009m
Borko Miladinović
The Domain Reduction Method (DRM) enables the analysis of seismic soil-structure interaction in a different way compared to other seismic methods. Additionally, it allows certain very important aspects of the mentioned interaction, which are ignored in the usual seismic methods for justified reasons, to be addressed. All this, as well as the fact that this method is still unknown to the professional public and has not been implemented in modern seismic standards, motivated the writing of a paper in which the formulation of the DRM was first presented in detail. Then, the possibilities and approaches to its application in engineering practice were analyzed. In the end, simple dynamic analyses of the seismic interaction of the foundation soil and the pile-supported structure are performed using the DRM, a very specific and insufficiently researched type of seismic soil-structure interaction. Among other things, the results of the performed linear-elastic analyses point to the eventual possibility that the Lateral force seismic method, which is recommended by the Eurocode 8 standard for regular structures and which is most often used in engineering practice, underestimates the level of the lateral seismic load of pile-supported structures. A correct assessment of the seismic load is a fundamental requirement for ensuring a sufficient level of seismic resistance in structures.
与其他地震方法相比,域约简法(DRM)能够以一种不同的方式分析地震土-结构相互作用。此外,它还允许处理上述相互作用的某些非常重要的方面,这些方面在通常的地震方法中由于合理的原因而被忽略。所有这些,以及这种方法尚不为专业公众所知,也尚未在现代地震标准中实施的事实,促使了一篇论文的撰写,其中首次详细介绍了DRM的制定。然后,分析了其在工程实践中应用的可能性和途径。最后,利用DRM模型对地基土与桩支结构的地震相互作用进行了简单的动力分析,DRM模型是一种非常特殊且研究不足的地震土-结构相互作用类型。除其他外,所进行的线弹性分析的结果表明,侧向力地震法最终可能低估了桩支撑结构的侧向地震荷载水平。侧向力地震法是欧洲规范8标准推荐的常规结构方法,也是工程实践中最常用的方法。正确评估地震荷载是确保结构具有足够抗震水平的基本要求。
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引用次数: 0
Tensile membrane structure forces dependence on different parameters under point load action 点荷载作用下拉伸膜结构受力对不同参数的依赖关系
IF 0.4 Q4 ENGINEERING, CIVIL Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/grmk2001029m
V. Milošević, D. Kostic, J. Milošević
Point load actions may have a significant impact on deflections of tensile membrane structures. Research presented in this paper is aimed at exploring the effects of point load actions on membrane forces of tensile membrane structures. Therefore, three different parameters of the structure were varied, and the membrane forces resulting from point loads were monitored. Variable parameters are the height of the model, the intensity of prestressing forces, and the orientation of the membrane material. The research was done on models in specialized software. In order to evaluate the significance of point load effects, membrane forces were compared to those under snow load. The results of the research show the layout of membrane forces under point load and dependence of maximal membrane forces on the varied parameters. Specific sets of analyzed parameters lead to significant values of maximal membrane forces under point load action.
点荷载作用对拉伸膜结构的挠度有重要影响。本文的研究旨在探讨点荷载作用对拉伸膜结构膜力的影响。因此,改变三种不同的结构参数,并监测点荷载引起的膜力。可变参数是模型的高度、预应力强度和膜材料的方向。在专门的软件中对模型进行了研究。为了评估点荷载效应的重要性,将膜力与雪荷载作用下的膜力进行了比较。研究结果显示了点荷载作用下膜力的分布及膜力最大值随参数变化的关系。特定的分析参数组导致在点荷载作用下最大膜力的显著值。
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引用次数: 1
Railway bridges on interoperable lines: Aspect of track/bridge interaction 互操作线路上的铁路桥:轨道/桥梁交互方面
IF 0.4 Q4 ENGINEERING, CIVIL Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/GRMK1802019M
N. Mirković, Z. Popović, L. Lazarević, M. Vilotijević, A. Milosavljevic
The Institute for Standardization of Serbia has adopted a large number of en standards in the field of bridges as Serbian standards. Unfortunately, technical regulations based on the implementation of the adopted en standards in the field of bridges are still not made. The paper presents requirements for railway bridges based on en standards, UIC leaflets and German technical regulations. The aspect of track/bridge interaction is primarily considered. The parameters of track/bridge interaction, principles of calculation, as well as the overview of open points are presented. As the most important parameters of the bridge structure were considered: bridge expansion length, stiffness of the bridge substructure, as well as the bending stiffness and height of the bridge deck. Further, the effects of vertical load, temperature changes, and acceleration/breaking of the vehicle on the mentioned interaction are especially analysed. In addition, the conclusions of the paper apply to both ballasted track and slab track. The aim of the paper is to create a basis for the harmonisation of technical regulations in Serbia with European regulations in order to meet the requirements of interoperability.
塞尔维亚标准化研究所采用了大量桥梁领域的en标准作为塞尔维亚标准。遗憾的是,目前在桥梁领域尚未制定基于实施所采用的en标准的技术法规。本文根据en标准、UIC传单和德国技术法规对铁路桥梁提出了要求。主要考虑轨道/桥的相互作用。介绍了轨道与桥梁相互作用参数、计算原理及开路点概况。考虑了桥梁结构最重要的参数:桥梁的伸缩长度、桥梁下部结构的刚度以及桥面的抗弯刚度和高度。此外,还特别分析了垂直载荷、温度变化和车辆加速/断裂对上述相互作用的影响。此外,本文的结论同样适用于有碴轨道和平板轨道。该文件的目的是为塞尔维亚技术法规与欧洲法规的协调创造基础,以满足互操作性的要求。
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引用次数: 1
Experimental testing of reinforced end-notched glulam beams 端部补强缺口胶合木梁的试验研究
IF 0.4 Q4 ENGINEERING, CIVIL Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/GRMK1804023T
M. Todorović, B. Stevanović, Ivan Glišović, T. Stevanović
Notches made at the ends of timber beams significantly decrease load carrying capacity of a structural member. This paper presents an experimental research on bending behaviour of end-notched glulam beams, with and without reinforcement. Screws for timber were used as reinforcement, positioned at angles of 90° and 45° to the longitudinal beam axis. The unreinforced beams failed due to crack opening and its propagation in a brittle manner. Cracks that appeared in the notch details resulted from combined excessive tensile stresses perpendicular to grain and shear stresses. This study shows that reinforcing the beams at the notched ends can improve their load carrying capacity and deformability. However, applied screws did not help the beams achieve ductile failure in bending. The shear failure was dominant failure mechanism for reinforced beams. In addition, analytical calculations were performed in accordance with Eurocode 5 so as to compare the results with experimental research.
木梁两端的缺口会显著降低结构构件的承载能力。本文对端缺口胶合木梁在加筋和不加筋情况下的弯曲性能进行了试验研究。木材螺丝用作加固,与纵梁轴线成90°和45°角。未加筋梁的破坏主要是由于裂缝的张开和裂纹的脆性扩展。缺口细节处出现的裂缝是垂直于晶粒的过度拉应力和剪切应力共同作用的结果。研究表明,在缺口端对梁进行加固可以提高梁的承载能力和变形能力。然而,施加螺钉并没有帮助梁在弯曲时实现延性破坏。剪力破坏是加筋梁的主要破坏机制。此外,根据欧洲规范5进行了分析计算,以便与实验研究结果进行比较。
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引用次数: 1
Application of numerical methods in analysis of timber concrete composite system 数值方法在木结构混凝土组合体系分析中的应用
IF 0.4 Q4 ENGINEERING, CIVIL Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/GRMK1804037M
D. Manojlovic, Tatjana Kočetov-Mišulić, A. Radujković
The analysis and design of composite timberconcrete (TCC) structures, where the connection of the constituent elements is achieved by dowel type fasteners, is a complex task due to taking into account the slip of the coupling means, i.e. interlayer slip on the contact surface of two materials. The application of simplified procedures and methods in the analysis of the TCC system is a convenient and desirable way of design that enables efficient tool for engineering practice. Widespread simplified calculation procedure, so called 'γ-method', is adopted in EN 1995. Methods based on differential or variational formulation are commonly applied when software for structural analysis are used. Galerkin's and Ritz's methods for analysis and design of TCC systems in the case of simply supported beam loaded with uniformly distributed load are shown in this paper. The selection of trial functions that describe the problem of elastic composite action as well as their influence on the final results were analyzed. For the purposes of numerical analysis, based on the proposed numerical models, several codes are written in MATLAB. The model applied in analysis by Galerkin's method, that best describes the problem of elastic coupling, was chosen for further comparative analysis with experimental data.
复合木结构混凝土(TCC)结构的分析和设计是一项复杂的任务,因为要考虑到耦合手段的滑移,即两种材料接触面的层间滑移。将简化的程序和方法应用于TCC系统的分析是一种方便和理想的设计方法,是工程实践的有效工具。en1995采用了广泛的简化计算程序,即“γ-法”。当使用结构分析软件时,通常采用基于微分或变分公式的方法。本文给出了在均布荷载作用下简支梁TCC系统的伽辽金和里兹分析和设计方法。分析了描述弹性复合作用问题的试函数的选择及其对最终结果的影响。为了进行数值分析,基于所提出的数值模型,在MATLAB中编写了几个代码。选择伽辽金法分析中最能描述弹性耦合问题的模型与实验数据作进一步对比分析。
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引用次数: 0
Nonlinear Static vs. Incremental Dynamic Analysis of Infilled Frames with Open First Floor 一层开放式填充框架的非线性静力与增量动力分析
IF 0.4 Q4 ENGINEERING, CIVIL Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/GRMK1804003T
K. Todorov, L. Lazarov
Masonry infill, as a part of building structures, is characterised with significant in-plane strength and stiffness and it can greatly alter the response of structures exposed to seismic loads. Irregular distribution of infill in plane and along building height can lead to series of unfavourable effects (torsion effects, dangerous collapse mechanisms, soft or weak storey, variations in the vibration period, etc.). In order to investigate the influence of irregular distribution of masonry infill to the seismic performance of code designed reinforced concrete frames, an extensive nonlinear static and dynamic analysis was performed. Six reinforced concrete frames with different number of storeys, designed as bare frames were analysed. In the phase of assessment, all structures were upgraded with the masonry infill panels in all storeys except the first one. Masonry infill was defined with two different strength and stiffness characteristics. The obtained results show significant influence of masonry infill on the main structural characteristics: strength, stiffness and ductility, as well as on the seismic performance of analysed frames.
砌体填充物作为建筑结构的组成部分,具有显著的面内强度和刚度,可以极大地改变结构在地震荷载作用下的响应。填充物在平面和沿建筑高度的不规则分布会导致一系列不利影响(扭转效应、危险倒塌机制、软弱层、振动周期变化等)。为了研究砌体填料的不规则分布对规范设计的钢筋混凝土框架抗震性能的影响,进行了大量的非线性静力和动力分析。对6个不同层数的钢筋混凝土框架进行了裸框架设计分析。在评估阶段,除第1层外,其余各层均采用砌体填充板进行升级改造。砌体填料具有两种不同的强度和刚度特性。计算结果表明,砌体填充对框架的主要结构特性:强度、刚度和延性以及抗震性能都有显著影响。
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引用次数: 0
Elastic critical load of plates and plate girders subjected to patch load 板、板梁在贴片荷载作用下的弹性临界荷载
IF 0.4 Q4 ENGINEERING, CIVIL Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/GRMK1804055J
Isidora Jakovljević, S. Kovacevic, N. Marković
The determination of the elastic critical load (buckling load) is an important element of the assessment of the ultimate load of plate girders according to Eurocode 3 for design of steel structures. An analysis of the critical load of a plate corresponding to the web of an I-girder for different boundary conditions and the critical load of the I-girder itself subjected to patch load is given in the paper. Conclusions regarding their correspondence are given. Also, experimentally determined ultimate loads of I-girders are compared with predictive values according to Eurocode 3 for the models used in this analysis. A modified procedure for the ultimate load determination is proposed by following the Eurocode 3 algorithm and changing only buckling coefficient. In order to improve the ultimate load prediction, it is suggested to calculate the buckling coefficient also as a function of patch load length.
弹性临界荷载(屈曲荷载)的确定是根据欧洲钢结构设计规范3进行板梁极限荷载评定的重要内容。本文分析了工字梁腹板对应板在不同边界条件下的临界荷载,以及工字梁在局部荷载作用下的临界荷载。给出了它们对应关系的结论。此外,根据本分析中使用的模型的欧洲规范3,将实验确定的工字梁极限荷载与预测值进行了比较。提出了一种改进的极限荷载确定程序,该程序遵循欧洲规范3算法,仅改变屈曲系数。为了提高极限载荷的预测精度,建议将屈曲系数也作为膜片载荷长度的函数来计算。
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引用次数: 2
Wooden sacral objects in Bosnia and Herzegovina 波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那的木制圣物
IF 0.4 Q4 ENGINEERING, CIVIL Pub Date : 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/GRMK1703061A
Naida Ademović, A. Kurtović
Sacral buildings, mosques with wooden minarets and chapel churches, Orthodox and Catholic churches, represent cultural heritage, and are representatives of wood structures in Bosnia and Herzegovina, which are not only interconnected but also connected with residential architecture, making them even more interesting. These structures were for a long time neglected and placed on the margins to be forgotten. Sacral objects with wooden features retained common housing elements on one hand and the diversity is reflected in their specific characteristics. It is undoubtedly that natural influences and the human factor on wooden structures require constant monitoring and maintenance, which in the absence of finance and personnel makes it difficult to conserve and restore the traditional sacral wooden structures. This paper presents the basic data on this type of construction with the most significant details of characteristic examples.
宗教建筑,带有木制尖塔的清真寺和教堂教堂,东正教和天主教教堂,代表着文化遗产,是波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那木结构的代表,它们不仅相互联系,而且与住宅建筑联系在一起,使它们更加有趣。这些建筑在很长一段时间内被忽视,被置于被遗忘的边缘。具有木质特征的圣物一方面保留了共同的房屋元素,多样性反映在它们的特定特征上。毫无疑问,自然影响和人为因素对木结构的影响需要不断的监测和维护,在缺乏资金和人员的情况下,很难保护和恢复传统的祭祀木结构。本文提供了这类结构的基本数据,并提供了典型实例的最重要细节。
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引用次数: 1
An overview of modern seismic analyses with different ways of damping introduction 介绍了现代地震分析的不同阻尼方法
IF 0.4 Q4 ENGINEERING, CIVIL Pub Date : 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/GRMK1701003C
M. Ćosić, R. Folić, S. Brčić
The authors of the paper, on the basis of the analysis of a large number of scientific papers, presented their original systematization of seismic analyses of structures, where a large number of them were developed during the last twenty years. Seismic analyses are generally classified into two (four) groups: Linear Static Analyses (LSA) and Nonlinear Static Analyses (NSA), and Linear Dynamic Analyses (LDA) and Nonlinear Dynamic Analyses (NDA). The analyses of nonlinear seismic structural response were classified separately from the Target Displacement Analyses (TDA) which defines the relationship of the seismic demand and seismic response. On the other hand, classification was also conducted depending on whether a nonlinear response of the system is obtained by the implementation of incremental-iterative procedures or by implementation of semi-iterative and/or semi-incremental procedures. NDA were classified according to the concept of mathematical formulation, i.e. whether they are based on only one dynamic analysis, several dynamic analyses or they are solved in combination with other methods. By implementing the conducted systematization of seismic analyses, one can efficiently consider which type of analysis is optimal for structural analysis and which type of analysis should be taken into account in the phase of preliminary and final analyses in the course of scientific research and professional projects. This paper also presents the aspects of damping modelling in structural analysis through the systematization of damping types and flowcharts, depending on the type of analysis applied: linear and nonlinear, static and dynamic. Damping has been systematized based on the way it was introduced into calculations, i.e. over material damping, link element damping and damping directly introduced into the analyses which are conducted in capacitive, time and frequency domains. In the process of creating numerical structural models, the type of damping and the way of its introduction into structural analysis can be very efficiently selected by applying the flow charts developed. By applying the developed flowcharts, alternative approaches to the introduction of damping into structural analysis can also be defined.
本文的作者在对大量科学论文进行分析的基础上,提出了他们最初的结构地震分析系统,其中许多是在过去二十年中发展起来的。地震分析一般分为两类:线性静态分析(LSA)和非线性静态分析(NSA),线性动态分析(LDA)和非线性动态分析(NDA)。非线性地震结构反应分析与目标位移分析(TDA)是分开的,后者定义了地震需求与地震反应的关系。另一方面,根据系统的非线性响应是采用增量迭代过程还是采用半迭代和/或半增量过程进行分类。NDA是根据数学公式的概念进行分类的,即NDA是仅基于一种动态分析,还是基于几种动态分析,还是结合其他方法进行求解。通过对地震分析进行系统化的实施,可以有效地考虑在科学研究和专业项目的过程中,哪种类型的分析对结构分析是最优的,哪种类型的分析应该在初步和最终分析阶段考虑。本文还通过阻尼类型和流程图的系统化,根据所应用的分析类型:线性和非线性,静态和动态,介绍了结构分析中阻尼建模的各个方面。阻尼根据其引入计算的方式进行了系统化,即超材料阻尼、连杆单元阻尼和直接引入电容域、时域和频域分析的阻尼。在建立数值结构模型的过程中,利用所开发的流程图可以非常有效地选择阻尼的类型及其引入结构分析的方式。通过应用开发的流程图,还可以定义将阻尼引入结构分析的替代方法。
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引用次数: 8
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Gradevnski Materijiali I Konstrukcije-Building Materials and Structures
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