Mladena Luković, Bartosz Budnik, Jelena Dragaš, Vedran Carević, Ivan Ignjatović
Strain Hardening Cementitious Composite (SHCC) is an innovative type of fibre-reinforced cement-based composite that has superior tensile properties. Because of this, it holds the potential to enhance the shear capacity of reinforced concrete (RC) beams, if applied properly. This paper presents the general and distinctive properties of SHCC as well as a literature review of topics related to the contribution of SHCC layers to the shear resistance of RC beams with and without shear reinforcement. Based on the analysed results, it is concluded that the main characteristics of SHCC are its microcracking behaviour, high ductility, and increased tensile strength (between 2 and 8 MPa) at large deformations. When used in structural elements, SHCC develops multiple parallel cracks compared to concentrated cracks in conventionally reinforced concrete. The biggest disadvantage of SHCC is its significant drying shrinkage. Although showing high variability, using SHCC as laminates with a thickness of 10 mm improves the shear capacity of hybrid RC beams, but debonding of interfaces in a hybrid system occurs in some cases.
{"title":"Contribution of strain-hardening cementitious composites (SHCC) to shear resistance in hybrid reinforced concrete beams","authors":"Mladena Luković, Bartosz Budnik, Jelena Dragaš, Vedran Carević, Ivan Ignjatović","doi":"10.5937/grmk2300006l","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/grmk2300006l","url":null,"abstract":"Strain Hardening Cementitious Composite (SHCC) is an innovative type of fibre-reinforced cement-based composite that has superior tensile properties. Because of this, it holds the potential to enhance the shear capacity of reinforced concrete (RC) beams, if applied properly. This paper presents the general and distinctive properties of SHCC as well as a literature review of topics related to the contribution of SHCC layers to the shear resistance of RC beams with and without shear reinforcement. Based on the analysed results, it is concluded that the main characteristics of SHCC are its microcracking behaviour, high ductility, and increased tensile strength (between 2 and 8 MPa) at large deformations. When used in structural elements, SHCC develops multiple parallel cracks compared to concentrated cracks in conventionally reinforced concrete. The biggest disadvantage of SHCC is its significant drying shrinkage. Although showing high variability, using SHCC as laminates with a thickness of 10 mm improves the shear capacity of hybrid RC beams, but debonding of interfaces in a hybrid system occurs in some cases.","PeriodicalId":40707,"journal":{"name":"Gradevnski Materijiali I Konstrukcije-Building Materials and Structures","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135648870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Domain Reduction Method (DRM) enables the analysis of seismic soil-structure interaction in a different way compared to other seismic methods. Additionally, it allows certain very important aspects of the mentioned interaction, which are ignored in the usual seismic methods for justified reasons, to be addressed. All this, as well as the fact that this method is still unknown to the professional public and has not been implemented in modern seismic standards, motivated the writing of a paper in which the formulation of the DRM was first presented in detail. Then, the possibilities and approaches to its application in engineering practice were analyzed. In the end, simple dynamic analyses of the seismic interaction of the foundation soil and the pile-supported structure are performed using the DRM, a very specific and insufficiently researched type of seismic soil-structure interaction. Among other things, the results of the performed linear-elastic analyses point to the eventual possibility that the Lateral force seismic method, which is recommended by the Eurocode 8 standard for regular structures and which is most often used in engineering practice, underestimates the level of the lateral seismic load of pile-supported structures. A correct assessment of the seismic load is a fundamental requirement for ensuring a sufficient level of seismic resistance in structures.
{"title":"Domain reduction method: Formulation, possibilities, and examples for analyzing seismic soil-structure interaction","authors":"Borko Miladinović","doi":"10.5937/grmk2300009m","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/grmk2300009m","url":null,"abstract":"The Domain Reduction Method (DRM) enables the analysis of seismic soil-structure interaction in a different way compared to other seismic methods. Additionally, it allows certain very important aspects of the mentioned interaction, which are ignored in the usual seismic methods for justified reasons, to be addressed. All this, as well as the fact that this method is still unknown to the professional public and has not been implemented in modern seismic standards, motivated the writing of a paper in which the formulation of the DRM was first presented in detail. Then, the possibilities and approaches to its application in engineering practice were analyzed. In the end, simple dynamic analyses of the seismic interaction of the foundation soil and the pile-supported structure are performed using the DRM, a very specific and insufficiently researched type of seismic soil-structure interaction. Among other things, the results of the performed linear-elastic analyses point to the eventual possibility that the Lateral force seismic method, which is recommended by the Eurocode 8 standard for regular structures and which is most often used in engineering practice, underestimates the level of the lateral seismic load of pile-supported structures. A correct assessment of the seismic load is a fundamental requirement for ensuring a sufficient level of seismic resistance in structures.","PeriodicalId":40707,"journal":{"name":"Gradevnski Materijiali I Konstrukcije-Building Materials and Structures","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135650652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Point load actions may have a significant impact on deflections of tensile membrane structures. Research presented in this paper is aimed at exploring the effects of point load actions on membrane forces of tensile membrane structures. Therefore, three different parameters of the structure were varied, and the membrane forces resulting from point loads were monitored. Variable parameters are the height of the model, the intensity of prestressing forces, and the orientation of the membrane material. The research was done on models in specialized software. In order to evaluate the significance of point load effects, membrane forces were compared to those under snow load. The results of the research show the layout of membrane forces under point load and dependence of maximal membrane forces on the varied parameters. Specific sets of analyzed parameters lead to significant values of maximal membrane forces under point load action.
{"title":"Tensile membrane structure forces dependence on different parameters under point load action","authors":"V. Milošević, D. Kostic, J. Milošević","doi":"10.5937/grmk2001029m","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/grmk2001029m","url":null,"abstract":"Point load actions may have a significant impact on deflections of tensile membrane structures. Research presented in this paper is aimed at exploring the effects of point load actions on membrane forces of tensile membrane structures. Therefore, three different parameters of the structure were varied, and the membrane forces resulting from point loads were monitored. Variable parameters are the height of the model, the intensity of prestressing forces, and the orientation of the membrane material. The research was done on models in specialized software. In order to evaluate the significance of point load effects, membrane forces were compared to those under snow load. The results of the research show the layout of membrane forces under point load and dependence of maximal membrane forces on the varied parameters. Specific sets of analyzed parameters lead to significant values of maximal membrane forces under point load action.","PeriodicalId":40707,"journal":{"name":"Gradevnski Materijiali I Konstrukcije-Building Materials and Structures","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71225526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Mirković, Z. Popović, L. Lazarević, M. Vilotijević, A. Milosavljevic
The Institute for Standardization of Serbia has adopted a large number of en standards in the field of bridges as Serbian standards. Unfortunately, technical regulations based on the implementation of the adopted en standards in the field of bridges are still not made. The paper presents requirements for railway bridges based on en standards, UIC leaflets and German technical regulations. The aspect of track/bridge interaction is primarily considered. The parameters of track/bridge interaction, principles of calculation, as well as the overview of open points are presented. As the most important parameters of the bridge structure were considered: bridge expansion length, stiffness of the bridge substructure, as well as the bending stiffness and height of the bridge deck. Further, the effects of vertical load, temperature changes, and acceleration/breaking of the vehicle on the mentioned interaction are especially analysed. In addition, the conclusions of the paper apply to both ballasted track and slab track. The aim of the paper is to create a basis for the harmonisation of technical regulations in Serbia with European regulations in order to meet the requirements of interoperability.
{"title":"Railway bridges on interoperable lines: Aspect of track/bridge interaction","authors":"N. Mirković, Z. Popović, L. Lazarević, M. Vilotijević, A. Milosavljevic","doi":"10.5937/GRMK1802019M","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/GRMK1802019M","url":null,"abstract":"The Institute for Standardization of Serbia has adopted a large number of en standards in the field of bridges as Serbian standards. Unfortunately, technical regulations based on the implementation of the adopted en standards in the field of bridges are still not made. The paper presents requirements for railway bridges based on en standards, UIC leaflets and German technical regulations. The aspect of track/bridge interaction is primarily considered. The parameters of track/bridge interaction, principles of calculation, as well as the overview of open points are presented. As the most important parameters of the bridge structure were considered: bridge expansion length, stiffness of the bridge substructure, as well as the bending stiffness and height of the bridge deck. Further, the effects of vertical load, temperature changes, and acceleration/breaking of the vehicle on the mentioned interaction are especially analysed. In addition, the conclusions of the paper apply to both ballasted track and slab track. The aim of the paper is to create a basis for the harmonisation of technical regulations in Serbia with European regulations in order to meet the requirements of interoperability.","PeriodicalId":40707,"journal":{"name":"Gradevnski Materijiali I Konstrukcije-Building Materials and Structures","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71225357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Todorović, B. Stevanović, Ivan Glišović, T. Stevanović
Notches made at the ends of timber beams significantly decrease load carrying capacity of a structural member. This paper presents an experimental research on bending behaviour of end-notched glulam beams, with and without reinforcement. Screws for timber were used as reinforcement, positioned at angles of 90° and 45° to the longitudinal beam axis. The unreinforced beams failed due to crack opening and its propagation in a brittle manner. Cracks that appeared in the notch details resulted from combined excessive tensile stresses perpendicular to grain and shear stresses. This study shows that reinforcing the beams at the notched ends can improve their load carrying capacity and deformability. However, applied screws did not help the beams achieve ductile failure in bending. The shear failure was dominant failure mechanism for reinforced beams. In addition, analytical calculations were performed in accordance with Eurocode 5 so as to compare the results with experimental research.
{"title":"Experimental testing of reinforced end-notched glulam beams","authors":"M. Todorović, B. Stevanović, Ivan Glišović, T. Stevanović","doi":"10.5937/GRMK1804023T","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/GRMK1804023T","url":null,"abstract":"Notches made at the ends of timber beams significantly decrease load carrying capacity of a structural member. This paper presents an experimental research on bending behaviour of end-notched glulam beams, with and without reinforcement. Screws for timber were used as reinforcement, positioned at angles of 90° and 45° to the longitudinal beam axis. The unreinforced beams failed due to crack opening and its propagation in a brittle manner. Cracks that appeared in the notch details resulted from combined excessive tensile stresses perpendicular to grain and shear stresses. This study shows that reinforcing the beams at the notched ends can improve their load carrying capacity and deformability. However, applied screws did not help the beams achieve ductile failure in bending. The shear failure was dominant failure mechanism for reinforced beams. In addition, analytical calculations were performed in accordance with Eurocode 5 so as to compare the results with experimental research.","PeriodicalId":40707,"journal":{"name":"Gradevnski Materijiali I Konstrukcije-Building Materials and Structures","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71225457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Manojlovic, Tatjana Kočetov-Mišulić, A. Radujković
The analysis and design of composite timberconcrete (TCC) structures, where the connection of the constituent elements is achieved by dowel type fasteners, is a complex task due to taking into account the slip of the coupling means, i.e. interlayer slip on the contact surface of two materials. The application of simplified procedures and methods in the analysis of the TCC system is a convenient and desirable way of design that enables efficient tool for engineering practice. Widespread simplified calculation procedure, so called 'γ-method', is adopted in EN 1995. Methods based on differential or variational formulation are commonly applied when software for structural analysis are used. Galerkin's and Ritz's methods for analysis and design of TCC systems in the case of simply supported beam loaded with uniformly distributed load are shown in this paper. The selection of trial functions that describe the problem of elastic composite action as well as their influence on the final results were analyzed. For the purposes of numerical analysis, based on the proposed numerical models, several codes are written in MATLAB. The model applied in analysis by Galerkin's method, that best describes the problem of elastic coupling, was chosen for further comparative analysis with experimental data.
{"title":"Application of numerical methods in analysis of timber concrete composite system","authors":"D. Manojlovic, Tatjana Kočetov-Mišulić, A. Radujković","doi":"10.5937/GRMK1804037M","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/GRMK1804037M","url":null,"abstract":"The analysis and design of composite timberconcrete (TCC) structures, where the connection of the constituent elements is achieved by dowel type fasteners, is a complex task due to taking into account the slip of the coupling means, i.e. interlayer slip on the contact surface of two materials. The application of simplified procedures and methods in the analysis of the TCC system is a convenient and desirable way of design that enables efficient tool for engineering practice. Widespread simplified calculation procedure, so called 'γ-method', is adopted in EN 1995. Methods based on differential or variational formulation are commonly applied when software for structural analysis are used. Galerkin's and Ritz's methods for analysis and design of TCC systems in the case of simply supported beam loaded with uniformly distributed load are shown in this paper. The selection of trial functions that describe the problem of elastic composite action as well as their influence on the final results were analyzed. For the purposes of numerical analysis, based on the proposed numerical models, several codes are written in MATLAB. The model applied in analysis by Galerkin's method, that best describes the problem of elastic coupling, was chosen for further comparative analysis with experimental data.","PeriodicalId":40707,"journal":{"name":"Gradevnski Materijiali I Konstrukcije-Building Materials and Structures","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71225470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Masonry infill, as a part of building structures, is characterised with significant in-plane strength and stiffness and it can greatly alter the response of structures exposed to seismic loads. Irregular distribution of infill in plane and along building height can lead to series of unfavourable effects (torsion effects, dangerous collapse mechanisms, soft or weak storey, variations in the vibration period, etc.). In order to investigate the influence of irregular distribution of masonry infill to the seismic performance of code designed reinforced concrete frames, an extensive nonlinear static and dynamic analysis was performed. Six reinforced concrete frames with different number of storeys, designed as bare frames were analysed. In the phase of assessment, all structures were upgraded with the masonry infill panels in all storeys except the first one. Masonry infill was defined with two different strength and stiffness characteristics. The obtained results show significant influence of masonry infill on the main structural characteristics: strength, stiffness and ductility, as well as on the seismic performance of analysed frames.
{"title":"Nonlinear Static vs. Incremental Dynamic Analysis of Infilled Frames with Open First Floor","authors":"K. Todorov, L. Lazarov","doi":"10.5937/GRMK1804003T","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/GRMK1804003T","url":null,"abstract":"Masonry infill, as a part of building structures, is characterised with significant in-plane strength and stiffness and it can greatly alter the response of structures exposed to seismic loads. Irregular distribution of infill in plane and along building height can lead to series of unfavourable effects (torsion effects, dangerous collapse mechanisms, soft or weak storey, variations in the vibration period, etc.). In order to investigate the influence of irregular distribution of masonry infill to the seismic performance of code designed reinforced concrete frames, an extensive nonlinear static and dynamic analysis was performed. Six reinforced concrete frames with different number of storeys, designed as bare frames were analysed. In the phase of assessment, all structures were upgraded with the masonry infill panels in all storeys except the first one. Masonry infill was defined with two different strength and stiffness characteristics. The obtained results show significant influence of masonry infill on the main structural characteristics: strength, stiffness and ductility, as well as on the seismic performance of analysed frames.","PeriodicalId":40707,"journal":{"name":"Gradevnski Materijiali I Konstrukcije-Building Materials and Structures","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71225413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The determination of the elastic critical load (buckling load) is an important element of the assessment of the ultimate load of plate girders according to Eurocode 3 for design of steel structures. An analysis of the critical load of a plate corresponding to the web of an I-girder for different boundary conditions and the critical load of the I-girder itself subjected to patch load is given in the paper. Conclusions regarding their correspondence are given. Also, experimentally determined ultimate loads of I-girders are compared with predictive values according to Eurocode 3 for the models used in this analysis. A modified procedure for the ultimate load determination is proposed by following the Eurocode 3 algorithm and changing only buckling coefficient. In order to improve the ultimate load prediction, it is suggested to calculate the buckling coefficient also as a function of patch load length.
{"title":"Elastic critical load of plates and plate girders subjected to patch load","authors":"Isidora Jakovljević, S. Kovacevic, N. Marković","doi":"10.5937/GRMK1804055J","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/GRMK1804055J","url":null,"abstract":"The determination of the elastic critical load (buckling load) is an important element of the assessment of the ultimate load of plate girders according to Eurocode 3 for design of steel structures. An analysis of the critical load of a plate corresponding to the web of an I-girder for different boundary conditions and the critical load of the I-girder itself subjected to patch load is given in the paper. Conclusions regarding their correspondence are given. Also, experimentally determined ultimate loads of I-girders are compared with predictive values according to Eurocode 3 for the models used in this analysis. A modified procedure for the ultimate load determination is proposed by following the Eurocode 3 algorithm and changing only buckling coefficient. In order to improve the ultimate load prediction, it is suggested to calculate the buckling coefficient also as a function of patch load length.","PeriodicalId":40707,"journal":{"name":"Gradevnski Materijiali I Konstrukcije-Building Materials and Structures","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71225513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sacral buildings, mosques with wooden minarets and chapel churches, Orthodox and Catholic churches, represent cultural heritage, and are representatives of wood structures in Bosnia and Herzegovina, which are not only interconnected but also connected with residential architecture, making them even more interesting. These structures were for a long time neglected and placed on the margins to be forgotten. Sacral objects with wooden features retained common housing elements on one hand and the diversity is reflected in their specific characteristics. It is undoubtedly that natural influences and the human factor on wooden structures require constant monitoring and maintenance, which in the absence of finance and personnel makes it difficult to conserve and restore the traditional sacral wooden structures. This paper presents the basic data on this type of construction with the most significant details of characteristic examples.
{"title":"Wooden sacral objects in Bosnia and Herzegovina","authors":"Naida Ademović, A. Kurtović","doi":"10.5937/GRMK1703061A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/GRMK1703061A","url":null,"abstract":"Sacral buildings, mosques with wooden minarets and chapel churches, Orthodox and Catholic churches, represent cultural heritage, and are representatives of wood structures in Bosnia and Herzegovina, which are not only interconnected but also connected with residential architecture, making them even more interesting. These structures were for a long time neglected and placed on the margins to be forgotten. Sacral objects with wooden features retained common housing elements on one hand and the diversity is reflected in their specific characteristics. It is undoubtedly that natural influences and the human factor on wooden structures require constant monitoring and maintenance, which in the absence of finance and personnel makes it difficult to conserve and restore the traditional sacral wooden structures. This paper presents the basic data on this type of construction with the most significant details of characteristic examples.","PeriodicalId":40707,"journal":{"name":"Gradevnski Materijiali I Konstrukcije-Building Materials and Structures","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71225750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The authors of the paper, on the basis of the analysis of a large number of scientific papers, presented their original systematization of seismic analyses of structures, where a large number of them were developed during the last twenty years. Seismic analyses are generally classified into two (four) groups: Linear Static Analyses (LSA) and Nonlinear Static Analyses (NSA), and Linear Dynamic Analyses (LDA) and Nonlinear Dynamic Analyses (NDA). The analyses of nonlinear seismic structural response were classified separately from the Target Displacement Analyses (TDA) which defines the relationship of the seismic demand and seismic response. On the other hand, classification was also conducted depending on whether a nonlinear response of the system is obtained by the implementation of incremental-iterative procedures or by implementation of semi-iterative and/or semi-incremental procedures. NDA were classified according to the concept of mathematical formulation, i.e. whether they are based on only one dynamic analysis, several dynamic analyses or they are solved in combination with other methods. By implementing the conducted systematization of seismic analyses, one can efficiently consider which type of analysis is optimal for structural analysis and which type of analysis should be taken into account in the phase of preliminary and final analyses in the course of scientific research and professional projects. This paper also presents the aspects of damping modelling in structural analysis through the systematization of damping types and flowcharts, depending on the type of analysis applied: linear and nonlinear, static and dynamic. Damping has been systematized based on the way it was introduced into calculations, i.e. over material damping, link element damping and damping directly introduced into the analyses which are conducted in capacitive, time and frequency domains. In the process of creating numerical structural models, the type of damping and the way of its introduction into structural analysis can be very efficiently selected by applying the flow charts developed. By applying the developed flowcharts, alternative approaches to the introduction of damping into structural analysis can also be defined.
{"title":"An overview of modern seismic analyses with different ways of damping introduction","authors":"M. Ćosić, R. Folić, S. Brčić","doi":"10.5937/GRMK1701003C","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/GRMK1701003C","url":null,"abstract":"The authors of the paper, on the basis of the analysis of a large number of scientific papers, presented their original systematization of seismic analyses of structures, where a large number of them were developed during the last twenty years. Seismic analyses are generally classified into two (four) groups: Linear Static Analyses (LSA) and Nonlinear Static Analyses (NSA), and Linear Dynamic Analyses (LDA) and Nonlinear Dynamic Analyses (NDA). The analyses of nonlinear seismic structural response were classified separately from the Target Displacement Analyses (TDA) which defines the relationship of the seismic demand and seismic response. On the other hand, classification was also conducted depending on whether a nonlinear response of the system is obtained by the implementation of incremental-iterative procedures or by implementation of semi-iterative and/or semi-incremental procedures. NDA were classified according to the concept of mathematical formulation, i.e. whether they are based on only one dynamic analysis, several dynamic analyses or they are solved in combination with other methods. By implementing the conducted systematization of seismic analyses, one can efficiently consider which type of analysis is optimal for structural analysis and which type of analysis should be taken into account in the phase of preliminary and final analyses in the course of scientific research and professional projects. This paper also presents the aspects of damping modelling in structural analysis through the systematization of damping types and flowcharts, depending on the type of analysis applied: linear and nonlinear, static and dynamic. Damping has been systematized based on the way it was introduced into calculations, i.e. over material damping, link element damping and damping directly introduced into the analyses which are conducted in capacitive, time and frequency domains. In the process of creating numerical structural models, the type of damping and the way of its introduction into structural analysis can be very efficiently selected by applying the flow charts developed. By applying the developed flowcharts, alternative approaches to the introduction of damping into structural analysis can also be defined.","PeriodicalId":40707,"journal":{"name":"Gradevnski Materijiali I Konstrukcije-Building Materials and Structures","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71225690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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