This paper discusses the aspects of development of the civil engineering and architectural vocation and the need for re-considering some of the problems they are facing; all this primarily from the aspect of integration of knowledge in the IT and post-IT (IOT) era, which is in desperate need for substantial changes in terms of education, design and global consideration of issues addressed, or at least have to be addressed, by our occupations, if they choose to survive in the new IT environment and if they are competitive in global trends. Artistic and economic approaches complement technical aspects of designing inhabited bridges. Additionally, the pre-IT knowledge about designing and building bridges in urban framework should be abandoned. Generally, the problems should be considered synergistically and addressed in interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary ways.
{"title":"Inhabited bridges: Art and science are architects afraid of designing bridges?","authors":"Z. Žagar","doi":"10.5937/GRMK1404043Z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/GRMK1404043Z","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses the aspects of development of the civil engineering and architectural vocation and the need for re-considering some of the problems they are facing; all this primarily from the aspect of integration of knowledge in the IT and post-IT (IOT) era, which is in desperate need for substantial changes in terms of education, design and global consideration of issues addressed, or at least have to be addressed, by our occupations, if they choose to survive in the new IT environment and if they are competitive in global trends. Artistic and economic approaches complement technical aspects of designing inhabited bridges. Additionally, the pre-IT knowledge about designing and building bridges in urban framework should be abandoned. Generally, the problems should be considered synergistically and addressed in interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary ways.","PeriodicalId":40707,"journal":{"name":"Gradevnski Materijiali I Konstrukcije-Building Materials and Structures","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71225333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Recently, as the structural design has shifted to the performance design, seismic design of tunnel structures considering soil-structure interaction becomes more important. The effects of soil-structure interaction should not be overlooked for the reason that the interaction effects between a structure and surrounding ground may cause larger external forces to the structure. It has been highlighted that the relative rigidity between the soil and the structure is the predominant factor influencing the soil-structure interaction effects. With an aim to study the effects of tunnel-ground interaction, a number of analyses were carried out in this work, based on the most frequently used analytical expressions for evaluation of seismically induced stress increment in a tunnel lining accounting for the soil-structure interaction effects. These solutions are functions of the shear strain field which is the cause of the ovaling of the circular tunnel cross-section. A value of the average soil shear strain in the range of depths corresponding to the tunnel section, between the tunnel crown and the invert, has been computed through a free-field one-dimensional seismic site response analysis preformed by the code EERA. Various levels of analysis have been undertaken on different soil conditions, considering representative of two main soil classes - stiff soil of good conditions and soft saturated soil of poor conditions, as well as, two extreme cases of tunnel-ground interface - the full-slip and the no-slip conditions. Finally, the results for all the considered cases have been evaluated and compared, and the significant mutual differences with regard to a tunnel-ground interaction have been underlined.
{"title":"Presentation of analytical solutions for seismically induced tunnel lining forces accounting for soil-structure interaction effects","authors":"Elefterija Zlatanović, C. D. Lukic, V. Šešov","doi":"10.5937/GRMK1401003Z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/GRMK1401003Z","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, as the structural design has shifted to the performance design, seismic design of tunnel structures considering soil-structure interaction becomes more important. The effects of soil-structure interaction should not be overlooked for the reason that the interaction effects between a structure and surrounding ground may cause larger external forces to the structure. It has been highlighted that the relative rigidity between the soil and the structure is the predominant factor influencing the soil-structure interaction effects. With an aim to study the effects of tunnel-ground interaction, a number of analyses were carried out in this work, based on the most frequently used analytical expressions for evaluation of seismically induced stress increment in a tunnel lining accounting for the soil-structure interaction effects. These solutions are functions of the shear strain field which is the cause of the ovaling of the circular tunnel cross-section. A value of the average soil shear strain in the range of depths corresponding to the tunnel section, between the tunnel crown and the invert, has been computed through a free-field one-dimensional seismic site response analysis preformed by the code EERA. Various levels of analysis have been undertaken on different soil conditions, considering representative of two main soil classes - stiff soil of good conditions and soft saturated soil of poor conditions, as well as, two extreme cases of tunnel-ground interface - the full-slip and the no-slip conditions. Finally, the results for all the considered cases have been evaluated and compared, and the significant mutual differences with regard to a tunnel-ground interaction have been underlined.","PeriodicalId":40707,"journal":{"name":"Gradevnski Materijiali I Konstrukcije-Building Materials and Structures","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71224866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Past earthquakes have demonstrated the vulnerability of deck bridges, which are the most common type in elevated roads. Especially over-loading of piers and drop-off of sections are a continuing concern. Seismic Control concepts, when correctly understood and applied, can provide the necessary physical force limits and reduced displacements even under loading beyond the design limit. The concept of choice here is the Hysteretic Device System since deck bridges usually provide a natural seismic link between piers and deck. To study the performance and robustness of this concept, shaking table tests were performed at IZIIS, Skopje during the NATO-SfP project ISUbridge on a model deck bridge using controllable friction devices UHYDE-fbr to simulate the behavior of different passive devices including device failure. The tests showed that a stiff-ductile device in the link not only protects the piers from over-load, but also provides superior performance compared to viscous or soft base-isolation devices. Failure of such a device further reduced the demand on the piers but did not lead to excessive deck displacements or damage, thus confirming considerable seismic robustness for the HDS concept. This corroborates observations on the Bolu viaduct during the Kocaeli event. Unfortunately, HDS is often confused with Base- Isolation, which leads to the application of BI-devices, like LRBs and thus a reduction in performance and robustness. This is even more true for viscous devices, which are favored today.
{"title":"Seismic control for elevated roads","authors":"U. Dorka","doi":"10.5937/grmk1404009D","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/grmk1404009D","url":null,"abstract":"Past earthquakes have demonstrated the vulnerability of deck bridges, which are the most common type in elevated roads. Especially over-loading of piers and drop-off of sections are a continuing concern. Seismic Control concepts, when correctly understood and applied, can provide the necessary physical force limits and reduced displacements even under loading beyond the design limit. The concept of choice here is the Hysteretic Device System since deck bridges usually provide a natural seismic link between piers and deck. To study the performance and robustness of this concept, shaking table tests were performed at IZIIS, Skopje during the NATO-SfP project ISUbridge on a model deck bridge using controllable friction devices UHYDE-fbr to simulate the behavior of different passive devices including device failure. The tests showed that a stiff-ductile device in the link not only protects the piers from over-load, but also provides superior performance compared to viscous or soft base-isolation devices. Failure of such a device further reduced the demand on the piers but did not lead to excessive deck displacements or damage, thus confirming considerable seismic robustness for the HDS concept. This corroborates observations on the Bolu viaduct during the Kocaeli event. Unfortunately, HDS is often confused with Base- Isolation, which leads to the application of BI-devices, like LRBs and thus a reduction in performance and robustness. This is even more true for viscous devices, which are favored today.","PeriodicalId":40707,"journal":{"name":"Gradevnski Materijiali I Konstrukcije-Building Materials and Structures","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71225157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper is presented and applied one fuzzy TOPSIS method for the multicriteria ranking of objects for reconstruction and maintenance. At the beginning is given short review on the genesis and development of this method and described a TOPSIS procedure with crisp input data that constitute a decision matrix and weights of criteria. This procedure is illustrated by one simple numerical example. The necessity of presentation of these parameters as triangular fuzzy numbers due to impossibility of their precise determination or assessment in the practice. The exact expressions for the determination of these products of the decision matrix and weights coefficients as triangular fuzzy numbers, that authors of this paper are derived earlier, are given in the paper. For every alternative (the object) these parameters are assumed as random fuzzy numbers for which are determined generalised expected values, variances and standard deviations. From the normalised matrix of the expected values are determined expected ideal positive and ideal negative values. For every alternative are determined generalized expected distances and relative closenesses to the ideal positive and ideal negative solution. The ranking of alternatives is performed according to these values. Mathematical expressions for coefficients of investments distribution on the alternatives (objects) are proposed in the work. One example of ranking of the bridge structures according to the risk is given at the end of the work and formulated corresponding conclusions.
{"title":"Application of modified fuzzy TOPSIS method for multicriteria decisions in civil engineering","authors":"Z. Prascevic, Natasa Prascevic","doi":"10.5937/grmk1403043P","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/grmk1403043P","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper is presented and applied one fuzzy TOPSIS method for the multicriteria ranking of objects for reconstruction and maintenance. At the beginning is given short review on the genesis and development of this method and described a TOPSIS procedure with crisp input data that constitute a decision matrix and weights of criteria. This procedure is illustrated by one simple numerical example. The necessity of presentation of these parameters as triangular fuzzy numbers due to impossibility of their precise determination or assessment in the practice. The exact expressions for the determination of these products of the decision matrix and weights coefficients as triangular fuzzy numbers, that authors of this paper are derived earlier, are given in the paper. For every alternative (the object) these parameters are assumed as random fuzzy numbers for which are determined generalised expected values, variances and standard deviations. From the normalised matrix of the expected values are determined expected ideal positive and ideal negative values. For every alternative are determined generalized expected distances and relative closenesses to the ideal positive and ideal negative solution. The ranking of alternatives is performed according to these values. Mathematical expressions for coefficients of investments distribution on the alternatives (objects) are proposed in the work. One example of ranking of the bridge structures according to the risk is given at the end of the work and formulated corresponding conclusions.","PeriodicalId":40707,"journal":{"name":"Gradevnski Materijiali I Konstrukcije-Building Materials and Structures","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71225098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Different mechanical rebar splicing systems are presented, and design situations where mechanical splicing has advantage over reinforcement splicing by overlapping and welding are defined in this paper. New international standards for testing and proof of systems for mechanical rebar splicing quality are considered. Mechanical splicing system for rebar and bolt connection, usable in steel and reinforced concrete structural elements connections, is presented in this paper. There are only few examples of mechanical rebar splicing in our country. The most significant one - the pylon and beam connection at Ada Bridge in Belgrade is presented in the paper. Intensive development of production and use of mechanical rebar splicing systems, research in this area, as well as the publication of international standards prescribing requirements for quality and procedures for proof of quality, represent very good base for development of the corresponding technical norms in Serbia. The legislation in this area would quicken proof of quality procedures, attest and approval issuing for individual products, leading to wider use of this system in all situations where it is in advantage over the classical reinforcement splicing.
{"title":"Mechanical rebar splicing","authors":"Branko Milosavljević","doi":"10.5937/GRMK1402019M","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/GRMK1402019M","url":null,"abstract":"Different mechanical rebar splicing systems are presented, and design situations where mechanical splicing has advantage over reinforcement splicing by overlapping and welding are defined in this paper. New international standards for testing and proof of systems for mechanical rebar splicing quality are considered. Mechanical splicing system for rebar and bolt connection, usable in steel and reinforced concrete structural elements connections, is presented in this paper. There are only few examples of mechanical rebar splicing in our country. The most significant one - the pylon and beam connection at Ada Bridge in Belgrade is presented in the paper. Intensive development of production and use of mechanical rebar splicing systems, research in this area, as well as the publication of international standards prescribing requirements for quality and procedures for proof of quality, represent very good base for development of the corresponding technical norms in Serbia. The legislation in this area would quicken proof of quality procedures, attest and approval issuing for individual products, leading to wider use of this system in all situations where it is in advantage over the classical reinforcement splicing.","PeriodicalId":40707,"journal":{"name":"Gradevnski Materijiali I Konstrukcije-Building Materials and Structures","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71224991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Z. Popović, Filip Trpčevski, I. Pančić, L. Lazarević
This paper deals with characterisation of track geometry, track measuring and recording system, as well as geometric quality levels. The legal framework and state of the art in the field of harmonization of track geometry technical regulation in the Republic of Serbia were presented. In particular, the paper discusses the European standard EN 13848 Series (Parts 1-6). Principal track geometric parameters were analyzed according to EN 13848-1. Track geometric quality levels were examined according to EN 13848-5. The evaluation of track geometry quality according to prEN 13848-6 was analyzed as well. The objective of creation of the European standard EN 13848 Series (Parts 1-6) was defining a unique approach for the evaluation of track geometry quality of various European railway infrastructures. The Institute for Standardization of Serbia has adopted and published five of six parts of this standard. This paper is a part of an effort to harmonize the Serbian railway technical regulations with those of the European Union. .
{"title":"Harmonization of European track quality","authors":"Z. Popović, Filip Trpčevski, I. Pančić, L. Lazarević","doi":"10.5937/GRMK1401029P","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/GRMK1401029P","url":null,"abstract":"This paper deals with characterisation of track geometry, track measuring and recording system, as well as geometric quality levels. The legal framework and state of the art in the field of harmonization of track geometry technical regulation in the Republic of Serbia were presented. In particular, the paper discusses the European standard EN 13848 Series (Parts 1-6). Principal track geometric parameters were analyzed according to EN 13848-1. Track geometric quality levels were examined according to EN 13848-5. The evaluation of track geometry quality according to prEN 13848-6 was analyzed as well. The objective of creation of the European standard EN 13848 Series (Parts 1-6) was defining a unique approach for the evaluation of track geometry quality of various European railway infrastructures. The Institute for Standardization of Serbia has adopted and published five of six parts of this standard. This paper is a part of an effort to harmonize the Serbian railway technical regulations with those of the European Union. .","PeriodicalId":40707,"journal":{"name":"Gradevnski Materijiali I Konstrukcije-Building Materials and Structures","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71224907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Bjegović, M. Serdar, Marija Jelčić-Rukavina, A. Baričević, M. Pezer
Major challenges of traditional linear concrete industry are utilisation of large amount of non-renewable resources and significant air emissions during production, utilisation and demolition of concrete structures. At the same time, concrete industry has a high potential for a positive shift towards more sustainable production and lower ecological footprint. One of the strategies is to use waste materials and byproducts from other industries as valuable raw materials in concrete industry. This loop can be closed only by taking into account properties of a certain waste material and using them for preparation of special purpose concrete products, in which these properties are favourable. Other strategy is designing concrete tailored for certain environment and service life, making it optimised for that specific purpose. The paper presents some of the available waste and recycled materials in Croatia and research focused on their potential application in civil engineering. The possibilities of utilisation are first explored in laboratory conditions, with the results presented in this paper as an outcome. Based on the obtained results some of the potential areas of application are proposed, in which concrete prepared with these waste materials becomes alternative to classical concrete. Both original scientific research results are presented, but also prototype of products produced based on the scientific research.
{"title":"Possibilities in concrete industry towards circular economy through industrial symbiosis","authors":"D. Bjegović, M. Serdar, Marija Jelčić-Rukavina, A. Baričević, M. Pezer","doi":"10.5937/GRMK1404031B","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/GRMK1404031B","url":null,"abstract":"Major challenges of traditional linear concrete industry are utilisation of large amount of non-renewable resources and significant air emissions during production, utilisation and demolition of concrete structures. At the same time, concrete industry has a high potential for a positive shift towards more sustainable production and lower ecological footprint. One of the strategies is to use waste materials and byproducts from other industries as valuable raw materials in concrete industry. This loop can be closed only by taking into account properties of a certain waste material and using them for preparation of special purpose concrete products, in which these properties are favourable. Other strategy is designing concrete tailored for certain environment and service life, making it optimised for that specific purpose. The paper presents some of the available waste and recycled materials in Croatia and research focused on their potential application in civil engineering. The possibilities of utilisation are first explored in laboratory conditions, with the results presented in this paper as an outcome. Based on the obtained results some of the potential areas of application are proposed, in which concrete prepared with these waste materials becomes alternative to classical concrete. Both original scientific research results are presented, but also prototype of products produced based on the scientific research.","PeriodicalId":40707,"journal":{"name":"Gradevnski Materijiali I Konstrukcije-Building Materials and Structures","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71225322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper presents the characteristics of the interfacial zone between the lightweight aggregate produced on the basis of waste materials and binder matrix with the application of the methods SEM, EDS and the Vickers micro hardness test. On the basis of the SEM and EDS analysis, as well as the criteria for the atomic ratio of elements which compose some products of hydration, we can gain insight into the dominant composition of the interfacial zone. The values of the Vickers micro hardness test for four kinds of tested concrete after seven days of hydration is impossible to correlate with the composition of the interfacial zone in reliable way, whereas after twenty eight days the differences in values are insignificant.
{"title":"Characteristics of lightweight aggregate concrete interfacial transition zone","authors":"V. Milovanović, V. Ducman, M. Radeka","doi":"10.5937/grmk1403063M","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/grmk1403063M","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents the characteristics of the interfacial zone between the lightweight aggregate produced on the basis of waste materials and binder matrix with the application of the methods SEM, EDS and the Vickers micro hardness test. On the basis of the SEM and EDS analysis, as well as the criteria for the atomic ratio of elements which compose some products of hydration, we can gain insight into the dominant composition of the interfacial zone. The values of the Vickers micro hardness test for four kinds of tested concrete after seven days of hydration is impossible to correlate with the composition of the interfacial zone in reliable way, whereas after twenty eight days the differences in values are insignificant.","PeriodicalId":40707,"journal":{"name":"Gradevnski Materijiali I Konstrukcije-Building Materials and Structures","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71225145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Engineers are aware of the uncertainties associated with the probability distributions of natural phenomena or those involving human beings. Even if one knows the parent distribution, in a hypothetical case, its functional representation remains a problem. One can select an appropriate probability model in a practical situation, considering the data available, to describe the phenomenon of interest, and then estimate the parameters and assess the risks involved. The data of 27 annual maximum streamflows at river Rasina in south central Serbia from 1966 to 2008 were analyzed and modeled. Three extreme value models for the data were considered and compared. Subsequently, the required design value with a given return period of exceedance was obtained.
{"title":"Statistical modelling of extreme values: Application to calculate extreme flow at river Rasina","authors":"Miljan Kovačević, Ljubiša Marković, Lidija Babić","doi":"10.5937/grmk1404021K","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/grmk1404021K","url":null,"abstract":"Engineers are aware of the uncertainties associated with the probability distributions of natural phenomena or those involving human beings. Even if one knows the parent distribution, in a hypothetical case, its functional representation remains a problem. One can select an appropriate probability model in a practical situation, considering the data available, to describe the phenomenon of interest, and then estimate the parameters and assess the risks involved. The data of 27 annual maximum streamflows at river Rasina in south central Serbia from 1966 to 2008 were analyzed and modeled. Three extreme value models for the data were considered and compared. Subsequently, the required design value with a given return period of exceedance was obtained.","PeriodicalId":40707,"journal":{"name":"Gradevnski Materijiali I Konstrukcije-Building Materials and Structures","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71225166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The performance of the railway track system results from the complex interaction of its components in response to train loading. The railway track substructure has been given much less consideration, even though it has a major influence on the track deterioration and as a consequence on the costs of track maintenance and renewal. The properties of the substructure components are much more variable and difficult to determine than those of the superstructure. The importance of the track formation properties for track performance is discussed in the first part of the paper. In cases where the formation is too weak, the resulting high cost of track maintenance may dictate the need to improve the formation conditions. The paper contains the alternatives of track formation improvements separated in six groups: altering formation properties in place, reconstruction and replacement, asphalt-concrete application, slip stabilization, insertion of protective layer and geosintetics implementation. In the summary the evaluation process of proper formation improvement method is explained. The goal of the paper is to provide the basis for track formation improvement design, which may result in railway tracks with optimum maintenance effort and traffic operability.
{"title":"Improvement alternatives for railway track formation","authors":"M. Tomičić-Torlaković","doi":"10.5937/GRMK1304039T","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/GRMK1304039T","url":null,"abstract":"The performance of the railway track system results from the complex interaction of its components in response to train loading. The railway track substructure has been given much less consideration, even though it has a major influence on the track deterioration and as a consequence on the costs of track maintenance and renewal. The properties of the substructure components are much more variable and difficult to determine than those of the superstructure. The importance of the track formation properties for track performance is discussed in the first part of the paper. In cases where the formation is too weak, the resulting high cost of track maintenance may dictate the need to improve the formation conditions. The paper contains the alternatives of track formation improvements separated in six groups: altering formation properties in place, reconstruction and replacement, asphalt-concrete application, slip stabilization, insertion of protective layer and geosintetics implementation. In the summary the evaluation process of proper formation improvement method is explained. The goal of the paper is to provide the basis for track formation improvement design, which may result in railway tracks with optimum maintenance effort and traffic operability.","PeriodicalId":40707,"journal":{"name":"Gradevnski Materijiali I Konstrukcije-Building Materials and Structures","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71224856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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