Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.52215/rev.bgs.2022.83.3.271
M. Trayanova, B. Kunovska, Simeon Valchev
Radon gas has high mobility and is driven by advection and diffusion with the soil gas throughout connected and water-unsaturated pores and/or cracks in permeable rocks and soils. Therefore, there is a need for quantitative assessment of the saturation state, even on a daily-base in order to estimate the radon potential correctly. The more so as, the permeability is one of the key factors in the radon risk assessment. For the purpose of such investigation, a vertical profile model was elaborated for a study site in Northeast Bulgaria. On the base of pedotransfer function analyses, the hydraulic parameters describing the retention function and the hydraulic conductivity function were determined for each case study. The results show that even in a month with high amount of rainfall precipitation (13% of the total amount per year), the loess profile at certain depths remains unsaturated, regardless the difference in the hydraulic characteristics.
{"title":"Impact of the loess’ hydraulic characteristics on its degree of saturation for the purpose of radon index measurements (Northeast Bulgaria case study)","authors":"M. Trayanova, B. Kunovska, Simeon Valchev","doi":"10.52215/rev.bgs.2022.83.3.271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52215/rev.bgs.2022.83.3.271","url":null,"abstract":"Radon gas has high mobility and is driven by advection and diffusion with the soil gas throughout connected and water-unsaturated pores and/or cracks in permeable rocks and soils. Therefore, there is a need for quantitative assessment of the saturation state, even on a daily-base in order to estimate the radon potential correctly. The more so as, the permeability is one of the key factors in the radon risk assessment. For the purpose of such investigation, a vertical profile model was elaborated for a study site in Northeast Bulgaria. On the base of pedotransfer function analyses, the hydraulic parameters describing the retention function and the hydraulic conductivity function were determined for each case study. The results show that even in a month with high amount of rainfall precipitation (13% of the total amount per year), the loess profile at certain depths remains unsaturated, regardless the difference in the hydraulic characteristics.","PeriodicalId":40733,"journal":{"name":"Spisanie Na B Lgarskoto Geologichesko Druzhestov-Review of the Bulgarian Geological Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42095065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.52215/rev.bgs.2022.83.3.195
A. Vasilev, B. Kvamme, N. Botoucharov, V. Slabakova, R. Pehlivanova, E. Marinovska, P. Petsinski
The level of scientific knowledge about a gas hydrate deposit (GHD) in the northern deep-water part of the Bulgarian Exclusive Economic Zone (BEEZ), energy, climate and environmental problems determine the need of urgent creation and realization of a Bulgarian program for gas hydrate development. We present a review of this knowledge and define 3 preliminary steps for funds optimizations and fast creation and implementation of pilot and innovative economically profitable technologies for fuel production (CH4 and/or H2) with low geohazard and environmental risk and negative carbon footprint on the atmosphere.
{"title":"Bulgarian gas hydrate development program: scientific basis","authors":"A. Vasilev, B. Kvamme, N. Botoucharov, V. Slabakova, R. Pehlivanova, E. Marinovska, P. Petsinski","doi":"10.52215/rev.bgs.2022.83.3.195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52215/rev.bgs.2022.83.3.195","url":null,"abstract":"The level of scientific knowledge about a gas hydrate deposit (GHD) in the northern deep-water part of the Bulgarian Exclusive Economic Zone (BEEZ), energy, climate and environmental problems determine the need of urgent creation and realization of a Bulgarian program for gas hydrate development. We present a review of this knowledge and define 3 preliminary steps for funds optimizations and fast creation and implementation of pilot and innovative economically profitable technologies for fuel production (CH4 and/or H2) with low geohazard and environmental risk and negative carbon footprint on the atmosphere.","PeriodicalId":40733,"journal":{"name":"Spisanie Na B Lgarskoto Geologichesko Druzhestov-Review of the Bulgarian Geological Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43168000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.52215/rev.bgs.2022.83.3.342
B. Valchev, V. Sachanski, Radostin Pazderov, S. Pristavova
As part of a cross-border cooperation program project between Bulgaria and Greece (Interreg), the geotourism potential of the municipality of Madan has been assessed. The assessment was made of the possibilities for the conversion of abandoned mine workings into tourist sites. Eight (8) geotopes are described and the creation of 2 geo-trails is proposed.
{"title":"New look to the Madan region, Central Rhodope – mining tourism and geological phenomena","authors":"B. Valchev, V. Sachanski, Radostin Pazderov, S. Pristavova","doi":"10.52215/rev.bgs.2022.83.3.342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52215/rev.bgs.2022.83.3.342","url":null,"abstract":"As part of a cross-border cooperation program project between Bulgaria and Greece (Interreg), the geotourism potential of the municipality of Madan has been assessed. The assessment was made of the possibilities for the conversion of abandoned mine workings into tourist sites. Eight (8) geotopes are described and the creation of 2 geo-trails is proposed.","PeriodicalId":40733,"journal":{"name":"Spisanie Na B Lgarskoto Geologichesko Druzhestov-Review of the Bulgarian Geological Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43537554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.52215/rev.bgs.2022.83.3.93
V. Grozdev, R. Vassileva, I. Peytcheva
The usual main purpose of the zircon investigation is to determine the precise age of particular rocks, applying the U-Pb isotope method. In this study we attempt to reveal the vast potential of zircons in understanding the magmatic and modification processes, as well as the structure of the deeper Earth’s interior, using the analysis of the zircon population of the major volcanic variety in the Ruen tectono-magmatic zone, Kyustendil area, SW Bulgaria. The ascending magmas crosscut different rock types and units along their path to the Earth’s surface. Using the zircon crystal analysis, we may make consideration about the age and chemical characteristics of these units. The trace and rare earth element (REE) content of the zircons brings insights for the rock formation time and discloses characteristics of the deeper parts of the Earth’s crust.
{"title":"The rare earth elements in zircons as pathfinder of geological events","authors":"V. Grozdev, R. Vassileva, I. Peytcheva","doi":"10.52215/rev.bgs.2022.83.3.93","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52215/rev.bgs.2022.83.3.93","url":null,"abstract":"The usual main purpose of the zircon investigation is to determine the precise age of particular rocks, applying the U-Pb isotope method. In this study we attempt to reveal the vast potential of zircons in understanding the magmatic and modification processes, as well as the structure of the deeper Earth’s interior, using the analysis of the zircon population of the major volcanic variety in the Ruen tectono-magmatic zone, Kyustendil area, SW Bulgaria. The ascending magmas crosscut different rock types and units along their path to the Earth’s surface. Using the zircon crystal analysis, we may make consideration about the age and chemical characteristics of these units. The trace and rare earth element (REE) content of the zircons brings insights for the rock formation time and discloses characteristics of the deeper parts of the Earth’s crust.","PeriodicalId":40733,"journal":{"name":"Spisanie Na B Lgarskoto Geologichesko Druzhestov-Review of the Bulgarian Geological Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46853775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.52215/rev.bgs.2022.83.3.217
S. Matev
The present study characterizes some microclimatic differences on the northern slope of the Western Rhodopes Mountains. The data for the analysis are based on the observations at three points: Brestovitsa at the foot, Bryanovshtitsa on the slope and Vurhovruh hut on the ridge, during July and August. Average temperatures, average minimum and maximum temperatures as well as the absolute minimum and maximum temperatures were established. They decrease naturally in accordance with altitude change, showing a dependence on synoptic conditions and microclimatic differences. The vertical temperature gradient is calculated for the studied parameters, with the largest values for the absolute maximum temperature amounting to 1.1 °C and the smallest for the absolute minimum and mean minimum temperature amounting to 0.5 °C. The largest values of the vertical temperature gradient for all parameters were observed between Brestovitsa and Bryanovstitsa.
{"title":"Micrometeorological measurements of air temperature in part of the northern slope of the Western Rhodopes (preliminary results)","authors":"S. Matev","doi":"10.52215/rev.bgs.2022.83.3.217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52215/rev.bgs.2022.83.3.217","url":null,"abstract":"The present study characterizes some microclimatic differences on the northern slope of the Western Rhodopes Mountains. The data for the analysis are based on the observations at three points: Brestovitsa at the foot, Bryanovshtitsa on the slope and Vurhovruh hut on the ridge, during July and August. Average temperatures, average minimum and maximum temperatures as well as the absolute minimum and maximum temperatures were established. They decrease naturally in accordance with altitude change, showing a dependence on synoptic conditions and microclimatic differences. The vertical temperature gradient is calculated for the studied parameters, with the largest values for the absolute maximum temperature amounting to 1.1 °C and the smallest for the absolute minimum and mean minimum temperature amounting to 0.5 °C. The largest values of the vertical temperature gradient for all parameters were observed between Brestovitsa and Bryanovstitsa.","PeriodicalId":40733,"journal":{"name":"Spisanie Na B Lgarskoto Geologichesko Druzhestov-Review of the Bulgarian Geological Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43752792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.52215/rev.bgs.2022.83.3.335
Еugenia Tarassova, A. Benderev
The thermal waters and the historical heritage in the area of Hisarya were the focus of the field trip held during the XXII International Congress of the CBGA in Plovdiv.
{"title":"The thermal water in the Hisarya region – from the Roman baths to the\u0000present days (field trip of XXII Congress of CBGA)","authors":"Еugenia Tarassova, A. Benderev","doi":"10.52215/rev.bgs.2022.83.3.335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52215/rev.bgs.2022.83.3.335","url":null,"abstract":"The thermal waters and the historical heritage in the area of Hisarya were the focus of the field trip held during the XXII International Congress of the CBGA in Plovdiv.","PeriodicalId":40733,"journal":{"name":"Spisanie Na B Lgarskoto Geologichesko Druzhestov-Review of the Bulgarian Geological Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42215494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.52215/rev.bgs.2022.83.3.69
N. Bonev, Zornitsa Dotseva, M. Chiaradia
We report on the isotopic compositions of the Jurassic supra-subduction zone Evros ophiolite mafic rocks exposed in the eastern Circum-Rhodope Belt in the Thrace region of northeastern Greece. These mafic units consist of low-Ti gabbroic and basaltic rocks, which Nd-Sr-Pb isotopes are compatible with dominant mantle-derived Mid-Ocean Ridge Basalt (MORB) component mixed with a detectable amount of crustal material and/or sediment involved in their melt source in the subduction zone. These isotopic features are consistent with an intra-oceanic arc origin of the mafic ophiolite rocks, and the Evros ophiolite Nd and Pb isotopes are comparable to those of the counterpart mafic rocks from the Mandritsa Unit in the eastern Rhodope Massif of southern Bulgaria.
{"title":"Comparative Nd-Sr-Pb isotopes geochemistry of the eastern Circum-Rhodope belt ophiolitic mafic suites, Greece-Bulgaria","authors":"N. Bonev, Zornitsa Dotseva, M. Chiaradia","doi":"10.52215/rev.bgs.2022.83.3.69","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52215/rev.bgs.2022.83.3.69","url":null,"abstract":"We report on the isotopic compositions of the Jurassic supra-subduction zone Evros ophiolite mafic rocks exposed in the eastern Circum-Rhodope Belt in the Thrace region of northeastern Greece. These mafic units consist of low-Ti gabbroic and basaltic rocks, which Nd-Sr-Pb isotopes are compatible with dominant mantle-derived Mid-Ocean Ridge Basalt (MORB) component mixed with a detectable amount of crustal material and/or sediment involved in their melt source in the subduction zone. These isotopic features are consistent with an intra-oceanic arc origin of the mafic ophiolite rocks, and the Evros ophiolite Nd and Pb isotopes are comparable to those of the counterpart mafic rocks from the Mandritsa Unit in the eastern Rhodope Massif of southern Bulgaria.","PeriodicalId":40733,"journal":{"name":"Spisanie Na B Lgarskoto Geologichesko Druzhestov-Review of the Bulgarian Geological Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44543012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.52215/rev.bgs.2022.83.3.23
V. Kostov-Kytin, R. Nikolova, M. Kadiyski, Iliya Dimitrov
Samples of scapolite from the marble quarry from the Samurski Dol locality, situated nearby Chepelare, Central Rhodopes, Bulgaria have been subjected to chemical analyses and single crystal X-ray diffraction studies. The obtained values for the meionite component (Me) range between 70 and 75. The crystal structure of the studied sample has been solved in both I4/m and P42/n space groups, traditionally assigned to scapolite members. The paper provides new insight on the choice of correct space group for description of scapolites crystal structures, with a view of the preferred positions by silicon and aluminum ions and their framework ordering.
{"title":"Crystal structure of scapolite from Samurski Dol, Chepelare region, Central Rhodopes, Bulgaria","authors":"V. Kostov-Kytin, R. Nikolova, M. Kadiyski, Iliya Dimitrov","doi":"10.52215/rev.bgs.2022.83.3.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52215/rev.bgs.2022.83.3.23","url":null,"abstract":"Samples of scapolite from the marble quarry from the Samurski Dol locality, situated nearby Chepelare, Central Rhodopes, Bulgaria have been subjected to chemical analyses and single crystal X-ray diffraction studies. The obtained values for the meionite component (Me) range between 70 and 75. The crystal structure of the studied sample has been solved in both I4/m and P42/n space groups, traditionally assigned to scapolite members. The paper provides new insight on the choice of correct space group for description of scapolites crystal structures, with a view of the preferred positions by silicon and aluminum ions and their framework ordering.","PeriodicalId":40733,"journal":{"name":"Spisanie Na B Lgarskoto Geologichesko Druzhestov-Review of the Bulgarian Geological Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47428056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.52215/rev.bgs.2022.83.3.31
Daniela Nikolova
The focus of this study is the mineralogical interpretation of the determined geochemical associations in the Milin Kamak deposit. Based on the results of the factor analysis, an attempt was made for interpretation of the factor axes by mineralogical studies and EPMA analysis. Three factor associations are related to the hydrothermal ore-forming processes. The main factor axes related to Au is quartz-polymetallic stage and is represented by pyrite, marcasite, arsenopyrite, pyrrhotite, sphalerite, galena and chalcopyrite.
{"title":"Mineral associations in the geochemical halos of Milin Kamak ore deposit, Bulgaria","authors":"Daniela Nikolova","doi":"10.52215/rev.bgs.2022.83.3.31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52215/rev.bgs.2022.83.3.31","url":null,"abstract":"The focus of this study is the mineralogical interpretation of the determined geochemical associations in the Milin Kamak deposit. Based on the results of the factor analysis, an attempt was made for interpretation of the factor axes by mineralogical studies and EPMA analysis. Three factor associations are related to the hydrothermal ore-forming processes. The main factor axes related to Au is quartz-polymetallic stage and is represented by pyrite, marcasite, arsenopyrite, pyrrhotite, sphalerite, galena and chalcopyrite.","PeriodicalId":40733,"journal":{"name":"Spisanie Na B Lgarskoto Geologichesko Druzhestov-Review of the Bulgarian Geological Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47785432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.52215/rev.bgs.2022.83.3.27
A. Nikolov
Geopolymers based on natural zeolite clinoptilolite were activated with different concentration of sodium aluminate and potassium hydroxide and the influence on compressive strength, density and water absorption were evaluated. The microstructure was analyzed by XRD, FTIR and SEM. The obtained geopolymers are comprised of newly formed zeolite phases – phillipsite, zeolite A.
{"title":"Sodium aluminate activated geopolymers based on natural zeolite clinoptilolite","authors":"A. Nikolov","doi":"10.52215/rev.bgs.2022.83.3.27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52215/rev.bgs.2022.83.3.27","url":null,"abstract":"Geopolymers based on natural zeolite clinoptilolite were activated with different concentration of sodium aluminate and potassium hydroxide and the influence on compressive strength, density and water absorption were evaluated. The microstructure was analyzed by XRD, FTIR and SEM. The obtained geopolymers are comprised of newly formed zeolite phases – phillipsite, zeolite A.","PeriodicalId":40733,"journal":{"name":"Spisanie Na B Lgarskoto Geologichesko Druzhestov-Review of the Bulgarian Geological Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47926241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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