Pub Date : 2023-05-01DOI: 10.52215/rev.bgs.2023.84.1.87
I. Zagorchev
The tectonic subdivision of a given territory should be based on thorough field work, as a synthesis of its principal results and of the bulk of tectonic and stratigraphic knowledge on this territory. It should serve together with litho- and chronostratigraphy as a basic framework both for future mapping and prospection, and for metallogenic, hydrogeological, geotechnical, etc. research.
{"title":"Short remarks on the “Tectonic subdivision schemes application in field work – an example of the Western Sredna Gora subzone”","authors":"I. Zagorchev","doi":"10.52215/rev.bgs.2023.84.1.87","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52215/rev.bgs.2023.84.1.87","url":null,"abstract":"The tectonic subdivision of a given territory should be based on thorough field work, as a synthesis of its principal results and of the bulk of tectonic and stratigraphic knowledge on this territory. It should serve together with litho- and chronostratigraphy as a basic framework both for future mapping and prospection, and for metallogenic, hydrogeological, geotechnical, etc. research.","PeriodicalId":40733,"journal":{"name":"Spisanie Na B Lgarskoto Geologichesko Druzhestov-Review of the Bulgarian Geological Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44297127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-01DOI: 10.52215/rev.bgs.2023.84.1.91
D. Vangelov, I. Gerdjikov
We are grateful to Academician Zagorchev for the remarks and questions, which create a suitable basis for creative discussions, missing during the last years in almost dying out “Regional and structural geology” field of research. In fact, we wanted to initiate comments, which is why the “Discussion” part of our short communication was so long. Addressing some of the criticism, we would like to remind that the topic of this short paper is to outline the handicaps of tectonic schemes application during the field work and discrepancy with the field data and the published information on the base of an example from the Western Sredna gora sub-zone. We did not intend to make complete analysis of all available data, and something more, that is not possible in the format of Geosciences editions.
{"title":"Answer to the “Short remarks on the “Tectonic subdivision schemes application in field work – an example of the Western Sredna Gora subzone” by I. Zagorchev","authors":"D. Vangelov, I. Gerdjikov","doi":"10.52215/rev.bgs.2023.84.1.91","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52215/rev.bgs.2023.84.1.91","url":null,"abstract":"We are grateful to Academician Zagorchev for the remarks and questions, which create a suitable basis for creative discussions, missing during the last years in almost dying out “Regional and structural geology” field of research. In fact, we wanted to initiate\u0000comments, which is why the “Discussion” part of our short communication was so long. Addressing some of the criticism, we would like\u0000to remind that the topic of this short paper is to outline the handicaps of tectonic schemes application during the field work and discrepancy\u0000with the field data and the published information on the base of an example from the Western Sredna gora sub-zone. We did not intend to\u0000make complete analysis of all available data, and something more, that is not possible in the format of Geosciences editions.","PeriodicalId":40733,"journal":{"name":"Spisanie Na B Lgarskoto Geologichesko Druzhestov-Review of the Bulgarian Geological Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46918519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.52215/rev.bgs.2023.84.1.11
Y. Yanev
The Kanarata albitized granite deposit is located on the NE periphery of the Sakar Upper Carboniferous granite batholith, immediately adjacent to its contact with the metamorphic framework. The porphyroid two-mica granites of the batholith are replaced by albite and quartz, and by magnesium-rich minerals in small amounts (some enriched in sodium): Mg-actinolite to Mg-hornblende and Mg-tremolite, phlogopite, chlorite, talc, saponite, as well as accessory rutile, probably titanite and apatite. The only relict mineral is zircon. The newly formed minerals are products of alkaline (magnesium-sodium) metasomatosis of possibly Alpine age. This has led to a change in the chemical composition of the granite, resulting in a decrease in the amount of silicon, iron, calcium, and especially potassium, and an increase in the amount of titanium, aluminum, magnesium, and especially sodium.
{"title":"Mineralogy of the deposit of albitized granites Kanarata, Sakar Мountain, Southеastern Bulgaria","authors":"Y. Yanev","doi":"10.52215/rev.bgs.2023.84.1.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52215/rev.bgs.2023.84.1.11","url":null,"abstract":"The Kanarata albitized granite deposit is located on the NE periphery of the Sakar Upper Carboniferous granite batholith, immediately adjacent to its contact with the metamorphic framework. The porphyroid two-mica granites of the batholith are replaced by albite and quartz, and by magnesium-rich minerals in small amounts (some enriched in sodium): Mg-actinolite to Mg-hornblende and Mg-tremolite, phlogopite, chlorite, talc, saponite, as well as accessory rutile, probably titanite and apatite. The only relict mineral is zircon. The newly formed minerals are products of alkaline (magnesium-sodium) metasomatosis of possibly Alpine age. This has led to a change in the chemical composition of the granite, resulting in a decrease in the amount of silicon, iron, calcium, and especially potassium, and an increase in the amount of titanium, aluminum, magnesium, and especially sodium.","PeriodicalId":40733,"journal":{"name":"Spisanie Na B Lgarskoto Geologichesko Druzhestov-Review of the Bulgarian Geological Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42210766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.52215/rev.bgs.2023.84.1.23
M. Tsvetkova
When selecting a site for the construction of a repository for high-level radioactive waste (HLW), the mineral composition of the geological environment is of primary importance. The content and type of the clay component and its structure have important implications for the insulating and sorption properties of the host rock and migration of radionuclides. In such previous studies in Bulgaria for site selection of the geological disposal of HLW the Lower Cretaceous marls (argillites) of the Sumer Formation (Western Pre-Balkans) were considered as ones of the prospective formations. This paper presents data about grain size distribution and mineral composition of the marls (argillites) at depths of 50 m and 400 m. A study was conducted on the structure of samples taken at a depth of 800 m from the Golyamo Pestene borehole. The obtained results are compared in order to clarify the homogeneity of the formation in depth. An increase in the clay fraction and the illite contained in it are observed in depth – from 22% at 18 m to 29% at 400 m, additionally, there is a slight increase in the carbonate content from 13.9% in samples up to 50 m to 26.9% on samples of 400 m. Data are presented on the volume, surface area, size and distribution of pores in the marls from 200 m depth (P-5 “Golyamo Peshtene”), which are necessary in assessing the migration of radionuclides from the repository. The majority of pores (82.4%) have a radius below 0,1 μm. A comparison is made of the mineral composition and structure of the argillites (marls) with similar clay rocks in Western Europe, where underground research laboratories have been constructed for in-situ study of the host rock.
{"title":"Composition and structure of marls from the Sumer Formation as an environment for geological disposal of radioactive waste","authors":"M. Tsvetkova","doi":"10.52215/rev.bgs.2023.84.1.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52215/rev.bgs.2023.84.1.23","url":null,"abstract":"When selecting a site for the construction of a repository for high-level radioactive waste (HLW), the mineral composition of the geological environment is of primary importance. The content and type of the clay component and its structure have important implications for the insulating and sorption properties of the host rock and migration of radionuclides. In such previous studies in Bulgaria for site selection of the geological disposal of HLW the Lower Cretaceous marls (argillites) of the Sumer Formation (Western Pre-Balkans) were considered as ones of the prospective formations. This paper presents data about grain size distribution and mineral composition of the marls (argillites) at depths of 50 m and 400 m. A study was conducted on the structure of samples taken at a depth of 800 m from the Golyamo Pestene borehole. The obtained results are compared in order to clarify the homogeneity of the formation in depth. An increase in the clay fraction and the illite contained in it are observed in depth – from 22% at 18 m to 29% at 400 m, additionally, there is a slight increase in the carbonate content from 13.9% in samples up to 50 m to 26.9% on samples of 400 m. Data are presented on the volume, surface area, size and distribution of pores in the marls from 200 m depth (P-5 “Golyamo Peshtene”), which are necessary in assessing the migration of radionuclides from the repository. The majority of pores (82.4%) have a radius below 0,1 μm. A comparison is made of the mineral composition and structure of the argillites (marls) with similar clay rocks in Western Europe, where underground research laboratories have been constructed for in-situ study of the host rock.","PeriodicalId":40733,"journal":{"name":"Spisanie Na B Lgarskoto Geologichesko Druzhestov-Review of the Bulgarian Geological Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47069775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.52215/rev.bgs.2023.84.1.59
Victoria Vangelova
The concentrations of trace elements in enargite-luzonite from blocks 8, 19-SE, 19-NW, 19-NE, 19-SW, 103-W, 103-E, 144, 146, 147, 149-south, 150, and 151 of copper-gold high sulphidation Chelopech deposit were determined by LA-ICP-MS. It was found that the enargite-luzonites from the individual blocks are enriched in different degrees of “impurity” elements: those from block 19-SW are enriched in Ge, Ga, and W; from block 146 of Bi; from block 147 of Se, Sb, Sn, and In; from block 149-south of Zn, Pb, Tl, and Cd; from block 8 of Fe, Mn, and Ti; from block 103-Е of Au and Hg; from block 103-W of V, Ga, and Mo; from block 150 of Ag and from block 151 of Те. In addition, a preferential distribution of trace elements between pyrite and enargite-luzonite is observed. For example, silver, lead, manganese, nickel, cobalt, thallium, molybdenum, chromium, and titanium are concentrated in the first, while germanium, gallium, indium, tin, zinc, antimony, tellurium, bismuth, mercury, vanadium, tungsten in the second, and in most cases they are structurally related. Both minerals are concentrators of gold, but it reaches its highest values in the latter (309 ppm from block 103-Е and 118 ppm from block 151), and in both cases its presence is mainly due to microinclusions of native gold and/or electrum and tellurides.
{"title":"Geochemistry of ore minerals from Chelopech deposit: II. Trace-elements in enargite-luzonite","authors":"Victoria Vangelova","doi":"10.52215/rev.bgs.2023.84.1.59","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52215/rev.bgs.2023.84.1.59","url":null,"abstract":"The concentrations of trace elements in enargite-luzonite from blocks 8, 19-SE, 19-NW, 19-NE, 19-SW, 103-W, 103-E, 144, 146, 147, 149-south, 150, and 151 of copper-gold high sulphidation Chelopech deposit were determined by LA-ICP-MS. It was found that the enargite-luzonites from the individual blocks are enriched in different degrees of “impurity” elements: those from block 19-SW are enriched in Ge, Ga, and W; from block 146 of Bi; from block 147 of Se, Sb, Sn, and In; from block 149-south of Zn, Pb, Tl, and Cd; from block 8 of Fe, Mn, and Ti; from block 103-Е of Au and Hg; from block 103-W of V, Ga, and Mo; from block 150 of Ag and from block 151 of Те. In addition, a preferential distribution of trace elements between pyrite and enargite-luzonite is observed. For example, silver, lead, manganese, nickel, cobalt, thallium, molybdenum, chromium, and titanium are concentrated in the first, while germanium, gallium, indium, tin, zinc, antimony, tellurium, bismuth, mercury, vanadium, tungsten in the second, and in most cases they are structurally related. Both minerals are concentrators of gold, but it reaches its highest values in the latter (309 ppm from block 103-Е and 118 ppm from block 151), and in both cases its presence is mainly due to microinclusions of native gold and/or electrum and tellurides.","PeriodicalId":40733,"journal":{"name":"Spisanie Na B Lgarskoto Geologichesko Druzhestov-Review of the Bulgarian Geological Society","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41863757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.52215/rev.bgs.2023.84.1.31
Victoria Vangelova, Мartin Dobrev, Simeon Topchijiski, Petja Kuzmanova
The concentrations of trace elements in pyrite from blocks 8, 19-SE, 19-NW, 19-NE, 19-SW, 103-W, 103-E, 144, 146, 147, 149-south, 150, and 151 of copper-gold high sulphidation Chelopech deposit were determined by LA-ICP-MS. It was found that the pyrites from the individual blocks are enriched in different degrees of “impurity” elements: the highest contents of Ag, Au, Zn, Hg, and In are typical to block 19-NE; Se, Bi, and Ti to block 19-SE; As, Mn, Tl, V, and Cd to block 19-SW; Co and Ni to block 144; Sb and Sn to block 146; Cu to block 149-south; Pb, Te, and Ga to block 103-E and Cr to block 103-W. The obtained results also show that in collomorhic pyrites the variations in the contents of trace elements are always very large and are rather due to adsorption processes than isomorphism. In addition, pyrites are also enriched in poisonous trace elements, especially from the lower level of the northern blocks, which, however, also have the highest values of gold and silver.
{"title":"Geochemistry of ore minerals from Chelopech deposit: I. Trace elements\u0000in pyrite","authors":"Victoria Vangelova, Мartin Dobrev, Simeon Topchijiski, Petja Kuzmanova","doi":"10.52215/rev.bgs.2023.84.1.31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52215/rev.bgs.2023.84.1.31","url":null,"abstract":"The concentrations of trace elements in pyrite from blocks 8, 19-SE, 19-NW, 19-NE, 19-SW, 103-W, 103-E, 144, 146, 147, 149-south, 150, and 151 of copper-gold high sulphidation Chelopech deposit were determined by LA-ICP-MS. It was found that the pyrites from the individual blocks are enriched in different degrees of “impurity” elements: the highest contents of Ag, Au, Zn, Hg, and In are typical to block 19-NE; Se, Bi, and Ti to block 19-SE; As, Mn, Tl, V, and Cd to block 19-SW; Co and Ni to block 144; Sb and Sn to block 146; Cu to block 149-south; Pb, Te, and Ga to block 103-E and Cr to block 103-W. The obtained results also show that in collomorhic pyrites the variations in the contents of trace elements are always very large and are rather due to adsorption processes than isomorphism. In addition, pyrites are also enriched in poisonous trace elements, especially from the lower level of the northern blocks, which, however, also have the highest values of gold and silver.","PeriodicalId":40733,"journal":{"name":"Spisanie Na B Lgarskoto Geologichesko Druzhestov-Review of the Bulgarian Geological Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45953022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.52215/rev.bgs.2023.84.1.79
R. Hristova, P. Peev
The article presents the results of an integrated study of geological data based on three shallow cores from the Varna Lake area. The sedimentary sequences and the related archaeological artifacts were examined through lithological descriptions, a biostratigraphical analysis of the molluscan fauna, and an analysis of the geomorphological, archaeological and radiocarbon data. Continental, liman and marine facies conditions of sedimentation have been established by examining the sedimentary textures, stratigraphic and palaoecological value of the molluscan subfossil fauna. This complex interpretation of data through different analyses allowed the highlighting of important stages in the palaeogeographical development of the Lake of Varna and in the human adaptation to changes in the coastal landscape at the beginning of the Holocene.
{"title":"New data on palaeogeographical changes during the Holocene in the Varna Lake region","authors":"R. Hristova, P. Peev","doi":"10.52215/rev.bgs.2023.84.1.79","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52215/rev.bgs.2023.84.1.79","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the results of an integrated study of geological data based on three shallow cores from the Varna Lake area. The sedimentary sequences and the related archaeological artifacts were examined through lithological descriptions, a biostratigraphical analysis of the molluscan fauna, and an analysis of the geomorphological, archaeological and radiocarbon data. Continental, liman and marine facies conditions of sedimentation have been established by examining the sedimentary textures, stratigraphic and palaoecological value of the molluscan subfossil fauna. This complex interpretation of data through different analyses allowed the highlighting of important stages in the palaeogeographical development of the Lake of Varna and in the human adaptation to changes in the coastal landscape at the beginning of the Holocene.","PeriodicalId":40733,"journal":{"name":"Spisanie Na B Lgarskoto Geologichesko Druzhestov-Review of the Bulgarian Geological Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45130584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.52215/rev.bgs.2022.83.3.185
Aleksandar Gadzhalov, I. Marinova, M. Tarassov, E. Tacheva
In this study, the contents of Au and Ag in five pyrite±marcasite samples from the Sarnak gold deposit, the respective δ34S, and the sample distances to the contact between metamorphic basement and overlying sedimentary cover were considered. We found that two samples from lower horizons (levels of 69 and 30 m below the contact) display relatively low Au and Ag contents, negative values of δ34SV-CDT (–3.14 and –6.42‰) and pronounced oscillatory zoning, resulting from oscillating contents of As. Three samples from higher horizons (levels of 8, 7 and 0 m below the contact) have higher Au and Ag contents, positive or slightly negative values of δ34SV-CDT (+0.5, +1.73 and –1.85‰) and poorly expressed or absent arsenian zoning. Two of them contain microscopic electrum and adularia. Based on these contrasting features we assume different mechanisms of precipitation: intense fluid-rock interaction for samples from lower horizons under steady conditions and boiling of fluid for samples from higher horizons under fluctuating conditions.
{"title":"Coupled and uncoupled to δ34S behavior of gold and silver in pyrite and marcasite from the low-sulfidation Sarnak gold deposit, SE Bulgaria","authors":"Aleksandar Gadzhalov, I. Marinova, M. Tarassov, E. Tacheva","doi":"10.52215/rev.bgs.2022.83.3.185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52215/rev.bgs.2022.83.3.185","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the contents of Au and Ag in five pyrite±marcasite samples from the Sarnak gold deposit, the respective δ34S, and the sample distances to the contact between metamorphic basement and overlying sedimentary cover were considered. We found that two samples from lower horizons (levels of 69 and 30 m below the contact) display relatively low Au and Ag contents, negative values of δ34SV-CDT (–3.14 and –6.42‰) and pronounced oscillatory zoning, resulting from oscillating contents of As. Three samples from higher horizons (levels of 8, 7 and 0 m below the contact) have higher Au and Ag contents, positive or slightly negative values of δ34SV-CDT (+0.5, +1.73 and –1.85‰) and poorly expressed or absent arsenian zoning. Two of them contain microscopic electrum and adularia. Based on these contrasting features we assume different mechanisms of precipitation: intense fluid-rock interaction for samples from lower horizons under steady conditions and boiling of fluid for samples from higher horizons under fluctuating conditions.","PeriodicalId":40733,"journal":{"name":"Spisanie Na B Lgarskoto Geologichesko Druzhestov-Review of the Bulgarian Geological Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49380135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.52215/rev.bgs.2022.83.3.199
S. Vassilev, C. Vassileva
The content and modes of occurrence of phosphorous (P) in eight biomass ashes (BAs) were studied. It was found that BAs are enriched in P as its concentration varies in the range 0.3–4.4% (mean 1.7%). The highest contents of P (>2 %) are characteristic of ashes produced from agricultural residues, namely plum pits, sunflower shells and corn cobs. It was identified that the modes of P occurrence in BAs are related mostly to apatite and whitlockite. Hence, BAs having renewable and C-neutral origin could be alternative and very perspective resource for the potential recovery of P and its utilization in industry in contrast to finite and non-renewable phosphate rocks.
{"title":"Biomass ash as a new potential rеsource of phosphorous for industry","authors":"S. Vassilev, C. Vassileva","doi":"10.52215/rev.bgs.2022.83.3.199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52215/rev.bgs.2022.83.3.199","url":null,"abstract":"The content and modes of occurrence of phosphorous (P) in eight biomass ashes (BAs) were studied. It was found that BAs are enriched in P as its concentration varies in the range 0.3–4.4% (mean 1.7%). The highest contents of P (>2 %) are characteristic of ashes produced from agricultural residues, namely plum pits, sunflower shells and corn cobs. It was identified that the modes of P occurrence in BAs are related mostly to apatite and whitlockite. Hence, BAs having renewable and C-neutral origin could be alternative and very perspective resource for the potential recovery of P and its utilization in industry in contrast to finite and non-renewable phosphate rocks.","PeriodicalId":40733,"journal":{"name":"Spisanie Na B Lgarskoto Geologichesko Druzhestov-Review of the Bulgarian Geological Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43178121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.52215/rev.bgs.2022.83.3.251
M. Krastanov, P. Ivanov, Rosen Nankin
This paper presents the changes in physical and mechanical parameters of fresh granodiorites from the Plana pluton after freezing. Laboratory studies were carried out to evaluate the properties of the granodiorites, such as determining the strength, density and water absorption of the rock material. A total of 39 samples at various weathering grades were tested at a wide range of density and water absorption values in the dry and saturated state. The results revealed that the absorption of water is highly dependent on the weathering grade. From the laboratory tests, reductions of rock material strength from various weathering grades with regard to density and water absorption are suggested. After carrying out a certain number of freeze-thaw cycles of the fresh granodiorites, their strength indicators also decrease.
{"title":"Evaluation of the frost resistance of fresh granodiorites from the Plana pluton in the region of the village of Gorni Okol, Bulgaria","authors":"M. Krastanov, P. Ivanov, Rosen Nankin","doi":"10.52215/rev.bgs.2022.83.3.251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52215/rev.bgs.2022.83.3.251","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the changes in physical and mechanical parameters of fresh granodiorites from the Plana pluton after freezing. Laboratory studies were carried out to evaluate the properties of the granodiorites, such as determining the strength, density and water absorption of the rock material. A total of 39 samples at various weathering grades were tested at a wide range of density and water absorption values in the dry and saturated state. The results revealed that the absorption of water is highly dependent on the weathering grade. From the laboratory tests, reductions of rock material strength from various weathering grades with regard to density and water absorption are suggested. After carrying out a certain number of freeze-thaw cycles of the fresh granodiorites, their strength indicators also decrease.","PeriodicalId":40733,"journal":{"name":"Spisanie Na B Lgarskoto Geologichesko Druzhestov-Review of the Bulgarian Geological Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41517404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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