Pub Date : 2023-07-05DOI: 10.24027/2306-7039.2.2023.286720
Jiri Tesar, Marketa Safarikova Pstroszova, Karolina Weberova, Jaroslav Mucha
The Czech Metrology Institute (CMI) has been the national metrology institute of the Czech Republic since 1993. The significant development of the CMI's fundamental metrology departments and the gradual growth of the CMI's scientific and research capacities are linked to its successful participation in the European Metrology Research Programme (EMRP) and the European Metrology Programme for Innovation and Research (EMPIR). In total, 28 countries have participated in the EMPIR Programme, with Switzerland, Norway, Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Turkey and the UK in addition to the EU Member States. The necessary organisational and administrative background for the realisation of the EMPIR Programme was provided by EURAMET e.V., a European Regional Metrology Organisation operated as a non-profit association under German law. The most important benefit of the Programme for the CMI and the Czech Republic is the successful implementation of the research results of individual EMPIR projects. Within the framework of this implementation of the EMPIR results in the CMI, 6 new state measurement standards of the Czech Republic have already been established and another 4 are in the stage of preparation for announcement. Furthermore, 23 new or significantly modified measurement methods have been developed based on the results within the CMI and are now provided as a service by the CMI. Finally, participation in the EMPIR projects has been used to train 42 new CMI scientists in various fields of measurement. If to add to this the use of the results of the former EMRP Programme, it can be concluded that the development of metrology at the CMI over the last 10 years has been strongly conditioned by successful participation in European Metrology Programmes and the ability of the CMI to subsequently apply the results of individual projects to its laboratory practice.
{"title":"Involvement and use of European Metrology Programme for Innovation and Research EMPIR in the Czech Metrology Institute – a positive example of the use of European cooperation","authors":"Jiri Tesar, Marketa Safarikova Pstroszova, Karolina Weberova, Jaroslav Mucha","doi":"10.24027/2306-7039.2.2023.286720","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24027/2306-7039.2.2023.286720","url":null,"abstract":"The Czech Metrology Institute (CMI) has been the national metrology institute of the Czech Republic since 1993. The significant development of the CMI's fundamental metrology departments and the gradual growth of the CMI's scientific and research capacities are linked to its successful participation in the European Metrology Research Programme (EMRP) and the European Metrology Programme for Innovation and Research (EMPIR). In total, 28 countries have participated in the EMPIR Programme, with Switzerland, Norway, Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Turkey and the UK in addition to the EU Member States. The necessary organisational and administrative background for the realisation of the EMPIR Programme was provided by EURAMET e.V., a European Regional Metrology Organisation operated as a non-profit association under German law. The most important benefit of the Programme for the CMI and the Czech Republic is the successful implementation of the research results of individual EMPIR projects. Within the framework of this implementation of the EMPIR results in the CMI, 6 new state measurement standards of the Czech Republic have already been established and another 4 are in the stage of preparation for announcement. Furthermore, 23 new or significantly modified measurement methods have been developed based on the results within the CMI and are now provided as a service by the CMI. Finally, participation in the EMPIR projects has been used to train 42 new CMI scientists in various fields of measurement. If to add to this the use of the results of the former EMRP Programme, it can be concluded that the development of metrology at the CMI over the last 10 years has been strongly conditioned by successful participation in European Metrology Programmes and the ability of the CMI to subsequently apply the results of individual projects to its laboratory practice.","PeriodicalId":40775,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Metrological Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44060718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-05DOI: 10.24027/2306-7039.2.2023.286707
Olena Vasylieva, Pavel Neyezhmakov
Ensuring the electromagnetic compatibility of special-purpose equipment used in a complex saturated radio frequency environment requires testing in accordance with procedures that guarantee a valid verification of its immunity to external electromagnetic fields. The paper presents the national measurement standards and equipment used at the National Scientific Centre “Institute of Metrology” for the NRE02, NRE03 and NRS02 testing in accordance with the AESTR-500 standard. It is shown how metrological traceability to the SI units of the measurement results is ensured during tests. The paper presents the results of evaluating the uncertainty of the results of measurements of the electromagnetic field strength using the NARDA-550 meter for the frequency ranges of 10 kHz – 1 GHz when using the GTEM chamber, and for the frequency ranges of 1-43 GHz when using the anechoic chamber. The studies have proven that the measurement uncertainties, when calibrating the antenna in the anechoic chamber, and the uneven distribution of the electromagnetic field in the GTEM chamber are the most critical. The obtained results of the uncertainty evaluation of the NARDA-550 calibration coefficient are used for high-precision measurements of radio frequency signals both at emission and being exposed to electromagnetic fields when the disturbances have limit values as regards the provisions of these standards. These results with a discrepancy of no more than 0.05 dB confirm the characteristics of the device provided by the manufacturer. It is shown that the set of national measurement standards and test equipment of the NSC “Institute of Metrology” allows testing special equipment for electromagnetic compatibility according to the NATO standards with the required accuracy.
{"title":"Metrological traceability of the results of testing for electromagnetic compatibility in accordance with the NATO standards","authors":"Olena Vasylieva, Pavel Neyezhmakov","doi":"10.24027/2306-7039.2.2023.286707","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24027/2306-7039.2.2023.286707","url":null,"abstract":"Ensuring the electromagnetic compatibility of special-purpose equipment used in a complex saturated radio frequency environment requires testing in accordance with procedures that guarantee a valid verification of its immunity to external electromagnetic fields. The paper presents the national measurement standards and equipment used at the National Scientific Centre “Institute of Metrology” for the NRE02, NRE03 and NRS02 testing in accordance with the AESTR-500 standard. It is shown how metrological traceability to the SI units of the measurement results is ensured during tests. The paper presents the results of evaluating the uncertainty of the results of measurements of the electromagnetic field strength using the NARDA-550 meter for the frequency ranges of 10 kHz – 1 GHz when using the GTEM chamber, and for the frequency ranges of 1-43 GHz when using the anechoic chamber. The studies have proven that the measurement uncertainties, when calibrating the antenna in the anechoic chamber, and the uneven distribution of the electromagnetic field in the GTEM chamber are the most critical. The obtained results of the uncertainty evaluation of the NARDA-550 calibration coefficient are used for high-precision measurements of radio frequency signals both at emission and being exposed to electromagnetic fields when the disturbances have limit values as regards the provisions of these standards. These results with a discrepancy of no more than 0.05 dB confirm the characteristics of the device provided by the manufacturer. It is shown that the set of national measurement standards and test equipment of the NSC “Institute of Metrology” allows testing special equipment for electromagnetic compatibility according to the NATO standards with the required accuracy.","PeriodicalId":40775,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Metrological Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42807582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-05DOI: 10.24027/2306-7039.2.2023.286715
Serhii Yefymenko, Ihor Hryhorenko, S. Hryhorenko
In the paper, solutions to the scientific and practical task of applying covariance analysis to determine the factor influence on the functional transformation of the control parameter in colorimetric research are considered. The research involves determining the factor influence on the additive and multiplicative components of the measurement error of the colorimetric control parameter to assess the reliability of conclusions about the factor influence on the transformation of the control parameter. Limits on the amount of the main level (control parameter) and factors affecting the result of colorimetric control are determined. During the study, the equations to assess the reliability of statistical conclusions about the informational significance of indicators of colorimetric control for a simplified model of cross-classification were obtained. The need to carry out the research is related to the fact that during colorimetric control of grain crops, the uncertainty of the measurement results of the values of the controlled indicators is large enough, and so it must be evaluated. However, the proposed approach is not limited to a few colorimetric controls, but can be extended to a wider range of problems, where it is necessary to consider the factor influence with further ranking of factors by levels of significance.
{"title":"Dispersion analysis in colorimetric control","authors":"Serhii Yefymenko, Ihor Hryhorenko, S. Hryhorenko","doi":"10.24027/2306-7039.2.2023.286715","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24027/2306-7039.2.2023.286715","url":null,"abstract":"In the paper, solutions to the scientific and practical task of applying covariance analysis to determine the factor influence on the functional transformation of the control parameter in colorimetric research are considered. The research involves determining the factor influence on the additive and multiplicative components of the measurement error of the colorimetric control parameter to assess the reliability of conclusions about the factor influence on the transformation of the control parameter. Limits on the amount of the main level (control parameter) and factors affecting the result of colorimetric control are determined. During the study, the equations to assess the reliability of statistical conclusions about the informational significance of indicators of colorimetric control for a simplified model of cross-classification were obtained. \u0000The need to carry out the research is related to the fact that during colorimetric control of grain crops, the uncertainty of the measurement results of the values of the controlled indicators is large enough, and so it must be evaluated. However, the proposed approach is not limited to a few colorimetric controls, but can be extended to a wider range of problems, where it is necessary to consider the factor influence with further ranking of factors by levels of significance.","PeriodicalId":40775,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Metrological Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42724894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-05DOI: 10.24027/2306-7039.2.2023.286713
Igor Zakharov, V. Semenikhin, Oleksandr Zakharov, Svitlana Shevchenko
The scheme for transferring the size of the unit of resistance during the calibration of digital ohmmeters at direct current is considered. The procedure for the measurement uncertainty evaluation is described: recording the measurement model and its refinement, evaluation of input and measured values, evaluation of standard uncertainties of the input and measured values, evaluation of the expanded uncertainty. The refined model includes the dependence of the resistance of the reference resistor on temperature and a correction to the drift of the resistance value of the reference resistor since its last calibration. To evaluate the expanded uncertainty, the kurtosis method was used. An uncertainty budget has been made, including the kurtosis of input and measured values. The use of the Excel package makes it possible to implement, based on this budget, a program for automation of measurement uncertainty calculations. An example of the measurement uncertainty evaluation during the calibration of a digital ohmmeter of type 2318 at a point of 1 mOhm using an electrical resistance coil R310 with an accuracy class of 0.01 is considered. The influence of nonlinearity of the measurement model on the estimates of the numerical value of the measurand and its combined standard uncertainty is studied. To verify the results, the distribution law of the measurand was modelled by the Monte Carlo method. An algorithm for determining the expanded uncertainty using the NIST Uncertainty Machine web application for the missing confidence level of 0.9545 is proposed. The comparison of the results of the measurement uncertainty evaluation by the kurtosis and Monte Carlo methods has shown their good agreement.
{"title":"Features of measurement uncertainty evaluation during calibration of digital ohmmeters","authors":"Igor Zakharov, V. Semenikhin, Oleksandr Zakharov, Svitlana Shevchenko","doi":"10.24027/2306-7039.2.2023.286713","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24027/2306-7039.2.2023.286713","url":null,"abstract":"The scheme for transferring the size of the unit of resistance during the calibration of digital ohmmeters at direct current is considered. The procedure for the measurement uncertainty evaluation is described: recording the measurement model and its refinement, evaluation of input and measured values, evaluation of standard uncertainties of the input and measured values, evaluation of the expanded uncertainty. The refined model includes the dependence of the resistance of the reference resistor on temperature and a correction to the drift of the resistance value of the reference resistor since its last calibration. To evaluate the expanded uncertainty, the kurtosis method was used. An uncertainty budget has been made, including the kurtosis of input and measured values. The use of the Excel package makes it possible to implement, based on this budget, a program for automation of measurement uncertainty calculations. An example of the measurement uncertainty evaluation during the calibration of a digital ohmmeter of type 2318 at a point of 1 mOhm using an electrical resistance coil R310 with an accuracy class of 0.01 is considered. The influence of nonlinearity of the measurement model on the estimates of the numerical value of the measurand and its combined standard uncertainty is studied. To verify the results, the distribution law of the measurand was modelled by the Monte Carlo method. An algorithm for determining the expanded uncertainty using the NIST Uncertainty Machine web application for the missing confidence level of 0.9545 is proposed. The comparison of the results of the measurement uncertainty evaluation by the kurtosis and Monte Carlo methods has shown their good agreement.","PeriodicalId":40775,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Metrological Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43306066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-21DOI: 10.24027/2306-7039.1.2023.282540
Marharyta Pozniakova, Grigory Suchkov, R. Mygushchenko, O. Kropachek, Andriy Donchenko
Based on the analysis of previously published research and studies, it has been established that despite their significant advantages over traditional “contact” sensors in measurements, testing and diagnostics of thin dielectric coated (via paint, plastic, etc.) metal products, the available electromagnetic-acoustic transducers provide insufficient sensitivity and significant uncontrolled (“dead”) zone. This situation complicates testing of thin sheets, pipes, shells, tanks etc., and sometimes makes it impossible to measure the remaining thickness of the metal. The analysis of available research has shown that the possibility of transducers sensitivity increases via traditional increase in the magnetic induction value, and the high-frequency current value is practically exhausted. At the same time, the prospects for improving the design of electromagnetic-acoustic transducers were determined. The problems of traditional transducers were solved through development of a new electronic control circuit. For this, the control unit was designed to be distributed between ultrasonic shear pulse excitation devices, and as a result, for the device of ultrasonic signals reflected from the metalwork reception, the device sensitivity was increased. In addition, to provide the possibility to test and measure thin metal product thickness, the electronic circuit was supplemented with means of interference suppression after the powerful supply of the high-frequency current of the converter, which allowed significantly reducing the “dead” zone. A special stand was constructed to experimentally test the capabilities of the transducer developed, including a powerful high-frequency current pulse generator, an amplifier of received ultrasonic pulses and a digital oscilloscope. It has been experimentally demonstrated that the new electronic circuit of the non-contact sensor allows it to be qualitatively matched with the probing pulse generator and the amplifier of the received ultrasonic packet signals. As a result, the sensitivity of the transducer was increased by 2.5...3 times in relation to the amplitudes of bottom pulses and interference. At the same time, the diagnostics of metal products with thickness 30...50% less than the traditional sensitivity threshold of non-contact device is ensured.
{"title":"Improvement of the measuring ultrasonic electromagnetic-acoustic transducer","authors":"Marharyta Pozniakova, Grigory Suchkov, R. Mygushchenko, O. Kropachek, Andriy Donchenko","doi":"10.24027/2306-7039.1.2023.282540","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24027/2306-7039.1.2023.282540","url":null,"abstract":"Based on the analysis of previously published research and studies, it has been established that despite their significant advantages over traditional “contact” sensors in measurements, testing and diagnostics of thin dielectric coated (via paint, plastic, etc.) metal products, the available electromagnetic-acoustic transducers provide insufficient sensitivity and significant uncontrolled (“dead”) zone. This situation complicates testing of thin sheets, pipes, shells, tanks etc., and sometimes makes it impossible to measure the remaining thickness of the metal. \u0000The analysis of available research has shown that the possibility of transducers sensitivity increases via traditional increase in the magnetic induction value, and the high-frequency current value is practically exhausted. At the same time, the prospects for improving the design of electromagnetic-acoustic transducers were determined. The problems of traditional transducers were solved through development of a new electronic control circuit. For this, the control unit was designed to be distributed between ultrasonic shear pulse excitation devices, and as a result, for the device of ultrasonic signals reflected from the metalwork reception, the device sensitivity was increased. In addition, to provide the possibility to test and measure thin metal product thickness, the electronic circuit was supplemented with means of interference suppression after the powerful supply of the high-frequency current of the converter, which allowed significantly reducing the “dead” zone. \u0000A special stand was constructed to experimentally test the capabilities of the transducer developed, including a powerful high-frequency current pulse generator, an amplifier of received ultrasonic pulses and a digital oscilloscope. It has been experimentally demonstrated that the new electronic circuit of the non-contact sensor allows it to be qualitatively matched with the probing pulse generator and the amplifier of the received ultrasonic packet signals. As a result, the sensitivity of the transducer was increased by 2.5...3 times in relation to the amplitudes of bottom pulses and interference. At the same time, the diagnostics of metal products with thickness 30...50% less than the traditional sensitivity threshold of non-contact device is ensured.","PeriodicalId":40775,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Metrological Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44851106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-12DOI: 10.24027/2306-7039.1.2023.282534
Y. Serikov, Leonid Nazarenko
The use of concrete adhesive joints in repair and restoration works is an effective technological solution from technical and economical point of view. To make such joints, polymer glues are used, for example, epoxy, siloxane, acrylic, etc. The use of such technology reduces material consumption, labour costs, and time of construction works. The analysis of published research results showed that the use of acrylic adhesives is effective. When performing an adhesive concrete joint, the main task is to ensure the required strength of the adhesive structure during its operation. The analysis of publications revealed that the strength of the structure is influenced by the following main factors: external load, strength of concrete to be glued, gluing area, and the thickness of the glue layer. Currently, the influence of the specified factors is being studied on samples of adhesive structures using mechanical, press equipment. During the experiments, external loads are applied to the manufactured sample of the adhesive structure, for example, tensile, bending or shear forces. The measured parameter is the strength of the adhesive structure. With such studies, it is difficult to determine the value of the maximum external load that leads to the formation of microcracks, which makes the strength of the structure reduce. As a result, this approach can cause an error in research conclusions, which will lead to a decrease in the reliability of operation of a real construction object. In addition, this approach makes it impossible to control the condition of those adhesive concrete structures that are used on real construction sites. The developed methods to study adhesive concrete structures using the ultrasonic pulse method are based on the dependence of the speed of propagation and attenuation coefficient of ultrasonic vibrations on the relative change in the structure of the material under consideration. The application of the developed methods and instrumentation for their implementation allows determining the value of the maximum permissible external load and ensuring the control of the state of adhesive structures in terms of crack formation on real construction sites.
{"title":"Methods and instrumentation for studying the strength of concrete joints in adhesive structures under the influence of operational and technological factors by the ultrasonic pulse method","authors":"Y. Serikov, Leonid Nazarenko","doi":"10.24027/2306-7039.1.2023.282534","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24027/2306-7039.1.2023.282534","url":null,"abstract":"The use of concrete adhesive joints in repair and restoration works is an effective technological solution from technical and economical point of view. To make such joints, polymer glues are used, for example, epoxy, siloxane, acrylic, etc. The use of such technology reduces material consumption, labour costs, and time of construction works. The analysis of published research results showed that the use of acrylic adhesives is effective. When performing an adhesive concrete joint, the main task is to ensure the required strength of the adhesive structure during its operation. The analysis of publications revealed that the strength of the structure is influenced by the following main factors: external load, strength of concrete to be glued, gluing area, and the thickness of the glue layer. Currently, the influence of the specified factors is being studied on samples of adhesive structures using mechanical, press equipment. During the experiments, external loads are applied to the manufactured sample of the adhesive structure, for example, tensile, bending or shear forces. The measured parameter is the strength of the adhesive structure. With such studies, it is difficult to determine the value of the maximum external load that leads to the formation of microcracks, which makes the strength of the structure reduce. As a result, this approach can cause an error in research conclusions, which will lead to a decrease in the reliability of operation of a real construction object. In addition, this approach makes it impossible to control the condition of those adhesive concrete structures that are used on real construction sites. The developed methods to study adhesive concrete structures using the ultrasonic pulse method are based on the dependence of the speed of propagation and attenuation coefficient of ultrasonic vibrations on the relative change in the structure of the material under consideration. The application of the developed methods and instrumentation for their implementation allows determining the value of the maximum permissible external load and ensuring the control of the state of adhesive structures in terms of crack formation on real construction sites.","PeriodicalId":40775,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Metrological Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44037556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-12DOI: 10.24027/2306-7039.1.2023.282453
O. Velychko, T. Gordiyenko
Metrological traceability is a property of the measurement result and requires an established multi-level calibration hierarchy. The metrological traceability chain is established through the calibration hierarchy and is used to establish the metrological traceability of the measurement result. Approaches to the establishment of metrological traceability chains are based mainly on graphic images. Special international guidelines and European recommendations on the measurement uncertainty are used to evaluate the measurement uncertainty during the calibration of measuring instruments. The measurement uncertainty necessarily increases along the calibration sequence and is different for different levels of the metrological traceability chain. The measurement uncertainty depends on measurement standards or measuring instruments used during calibration. A mathematical model of the metrological traceability chain for different levels of the calibration hierarchy is proposed. This model includes, as components, such basic metrological characteristics for a certain level of the chain as the measurement range, measurement uncertainty, measuring instrument or measurement standard. As additional parameters for the metrological traceability chain, it is proposed to use data from the calibration certificate of the corresponding measuring instrument or measurement standard used at a certain level of the chain. Recommendations regarding practical application of the developed mathematical model of the metrological traceability chain, which can be used for chains of any measurements, are proposed. They can be used to establish the required metrological characteristics for a certain level of the metrological traceability chain. Such a model and recommendations for its practical application can be used in national metrology institutes and calibration laboratories.
{"title":"Mathematical modelling of metrological traceability chains","authors":"O. Velychko, T. Gordiyenko","doi":"10.24027/2306-7039.1.2023.282453","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24027/2306-7039.1.2023.282453","url":null,"abstract":"Metrological traceability is a property of the measurement result and requires an established multi-level calibration hierarchy. The metrological traceability chain is established through the calibration hierarchy and is used to establish the metrological traceability of the measurement result. Approaches to the establishment of metrological traceability chains are based mainly on graphic images. \u0000Special international guidelines and European recommendations on the measurement uncertainty are used to evaluate the measurement uncertainty during the calibration of measuring instruments. The measurement uncertainty necessarily increases along the calibration sequence and is different for different levels of the metrological traceability chain. The measurement uncertainty depends on measurement standards or measuring instruments used during calibration. \u0000A mathematical model of the metrological traceability chain for different levels of the calibration hierarchy is proposed. This model includes, as components, such basic metrological characteristics for a certain level of the chain as the measurement range, measurement uncertainty, measuring instrument or measurement standard. As additional parameters for the metrological traceability chain, it is proposed to use data from the calibration certificate of the corresponding measuring instrument or measurement standard used at a certain level of the chain. \u0000Recommendations regarding practical application of the developed mathematical model of the metrological traceability chain, which can be used for chains of any measurements, are proposed. They can be used to establish the required metrological characteristics for a certain level of the metrological traceability chain. Such a model and recommendations for its practical application can be used in national metrology institutes and calibration laboratories.","PeriodicalId":40775,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Metrological Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42277105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-12DOI: 10.24027/2306-7039.1.2023.282610
K. Mamonov, V. Velychko, O. Pomortseva, Volodymyr Gryanyk
The current problems of monitoring of the state and changes in areas of green plantings are considered. The assessment of dynamics of the distribution of forest park plantations would allow making decisions on taking appropriate measures for forest restoration or sanitary logging to maintain the areas of the “lungs of the city” at the appropriate level. The analysis of global trends in the use of GIS and remote sensing to study the situation with green plantings shows that this allows obtaining up-to-date and reliable information promptly. Namely, it enables quick monitoring of ecological aspects on large areas and significantly speeds up taking necessary measures, if necessary. The available approaches to observe the tasks of monitoring of green areas are analysed. The existing problems of assessing the state of the forest park economy in complex environments such as cities are proposed to be solved by using software products such as ERDAS IMAGINE and ArcGIS for processing and further analysis of satellite imagery of the area. To solve the task of predicting the change in the forest park economy area over time, modelling linear regression is proposed using the built-in programming language in the ArcGIS. The developed application with an intuitive interface will provide an opportunity to conveniently work with databases and attribute information, graphics and images. The development includes five options for performing calculations, which allows analysing the results in each of the anticipated scenarios. All calculations were performed on the example of the Kharkiv Forest Park “Sokolniki-Pomirki”. An algorithm for processing and analysing satellite images was developed. The proposed algorithm can be applied to increase the speed of monitoring of the state of forests and predicting changes not only in Kharkiv, but also in other cities in Ukraine and worldwide. The paper demonstrates the capabilities of GIS for monitoring of green areas, which allow performing similar work with minimal time costs. Thus, the GIS product is promising at the current stage of observing changes in the areas of green plantings.
{"title":"Monitoring of forest management. Prediction of area change","authors":"K. Mamonov, V. Velychko, O. Pomortseva, Volodymyr Gryanyk","doi":"10.24027/2306-7039.1.2023.282610","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24027/2306-7039.1.2023.282610","url":null,"abstract":"The current problems of monitoring of the state and changes in areas of green plantings are considered. The assessment of dynamics of the distribution of forest park plantations would allow making decisions on taking appropriate measures for forest restoration or sanitary logging to maintain the areas of the “lungs of the city” at the appropriate level. The analysis of global trends in the use of GIS and remote sensing to study the situation with green plantings shows that this allows obtaining up-to-date and reliable information promptly. Namely, it enables quick monitoring of ecological aspects on large areas and significantly speeds up taking necessary measures, if necessary. The available approaches to observe the tasks of monitoring of green areas are analysed. The existing problems of assessing the state of the forest park economy in complex environments such as cities are proposed to be solved by using software products such as ERDAS IMAGINE and ArcGIS for processing and further analysis of satellite imagery of the area. To solve the task of predicting the change in the forest park economy area over time, modelling linear regression is proposed using the built-in programming language in the ArcGIS. The developed application with an intuitive interface will provide an opportunity to conveniently work with databases and attribute information, graphics and images. The development includes five options for performing calculations, which allows analysing the results in each of the anticipated scenarios. All calculations were performed on the example of the Kharkiv Forest Park “Sokolniki-Pomirki”. An algorithm for processing and analysing satellite images was developed. The proposed algorithm can be applied to increase the speed of monitoring of the state of forests and predicting changes not only in Kharkiv, but also in other cities in Ukraine and worldwide. The paper demonstrates the capabilities of GIS for monitoring of green areas, which allow performing similar work with minimal time costs. Thus, the GIS product is promising at the current stage of observing changes in the areas of green plantings.","PeriodicalId":40775,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Metrological Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43901740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-12DOI: 10.24027/2306-7039.1.2023.282586
I. Zakharov, I. Zadorozhna, D. Świsulski, D. Diakov
The discords concerning the measurement uncertainty evaluation in the Guide to the Expressing of Uncertainty in Measurement (GUM) and its Supplement 1 are considered. To overcome these discords, the authors of the paper propose to use the kurtosis method and the law of the propagation of the expanded uncertainty. Using the example of the goniometer calibration, the features of accounting for the distribution laws of input quantities in the procedure for the measurement uncertainty evaluation are shown. A model for direct measurements of the value of a reference measure of the angle using a goniometer is written, the procedures for the measurement uncertainty evaluation are described, and uncertainty budgets for each of the methods are given. An example of the measurement uncertainty evaluation when calibrating a digital goniometer using a 24-sided reference prism is described. An estimate of the expanded measurement uncertainty for this example was made based on the web-based software application NIST Uncertainty Machine, which showed a good agreement with the estimates obtained by the considered methods. The technology of applying this software application for the confidence level of 0,9545, which the software lacks, is shown. The estimates of the measurement uncertainty obtained by the proposed methods, Monte Carlo method and methodology of the Guide to the Expressing of Uncertainty in Measurement are compared.
{"title":"Accounting for the distributions of input quantities in the procedure for the measurement uncertainty evaluation when calibrating the goniometer","authors":"I. Zakharov, I. Zadorozhna, D. Świsulski, D. Diakov","doi":"10.24027/2306-7039.1.2023.282586","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24027/2306-7039.1.2023.282586","url":null,"abstract":"The discords concerning the measurement uncertainty evaluation in the Guide to the Expressing of Uncertainty in Measurement (GUM) and its Supplement 1 are considered. To overcome these discords, the authors of the paper propose to use the kurtosis method and the law of the propagation of the expanded uncertainty. Using the example of the goniometer calibration, the features of accounting for the distribution laws of input quantities in the procedure for the measurement uncertainty evaluation are shown. A model for direct measurements of the value of a reference measure of the angle using a goniometer is written, the procedures for the measurement uncertainty evaluation are described, and uncertainty budgets for each of the methods are given. An example of the measurement uncertainty evaluation when calibrating a digital goniometer using a 24-sided reference prism is described. An estimate of the expanded measurement uncertainty for this example was made based on the web-based software application NIST Uncertainty Machine, which showed a good agreement with the estimates obtained by the considered methods. The technology of applying this software application for the confidence level of 0,9545, which the software lacks, is shown. The estimates of the measurement uncertainty obtained by the proposed methods, Monte Carlo method and methodology of the Guide to the Expressing of Uncertainty in Measurement are compared.","PeriodicalId":40775,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Metrological Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46402298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-12DOI: 10.24027/2306-7039.1.2023.282602
Viacheslav S. Stadnichuk, V. Kolobrodov
Nowadays, most human processes are automated by means of computerization. This process has not spared the automotive industry. The latest developments in this field give promise that in the near future, cars will be completely autonomous. However, before that, there is an urgent need to address a number of issues, such as increasing the angle of view for greater coverage of the road with minimal space curvature. It is known that when the angle of view increases, so does the distortion (a mismatch in geometric similarity between an object and its image). This mismatch significantly reduces the accuracy of recognition algorithms. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a calibration method for cameras. The paper deals with mathematical aspects of distortion and the method of calibration of automobile chambers, and calibration errors. The method of static calibration without the use of points at infinity using static templates is proposed. A conventional camera has a small field of view (about 80 degrees). Such angle of view does not provide full scanning of the space; as a result, some of the necessary information remains outside the field of view, which is crucial for automotive industry because road signs, pedestrians, traffic lights might be missed. Therefore, in case of car cameras, the angle of view is increased by introducing distortion aberration. In this case, the field of view increases, yet the geometric similarity between the object and its image is affected. This, in turn, can affect the accuracy of computer vision algorithms. In order to keep the field of view angle large and the similarity between the subject and the object, it is necessary to calibrate the camera. In this paper, a calibration method for wide-angle car cameras is proposed and considered.
{"title":"Mathematical aspects of distortion calibration for digital cameras","authors":"Viacheslav S. Stadnichuk, V. Kolobrodov","doi":"10.24027/2306-7039.1.2023.282602","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24027/2306-7039.1.2023.282602","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays, most human processes are automated by means of computerization. This process has not spared the automotive industry. The latest developments in this field give promise that in the near future, cars will be completely autonomous. However, before that, there is an urgent need to address a number of issues, such as increasing the angle of view for greater coverage of the road with minimal space curvature. It is known that when the angle of view increases, so does the distortion (a mismatch in geometric similarity between an object and its image). This mismatch significantly reduces the accuracy of recognition algorithms. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a calibration method for cameras. The paper deals with mathematical aspects of distortion and the method of calibration of automobile chambers, and calibration errors. The method of static calibration without the use of points at infinity using static templates is proposed. A conventional camera has a small field of view (about 80 degrees). Such angle of view does not provide full scanning of the space; as a result, some of the necessary information remains outside the field of view, which is crucial for automotive industry because road signs, pedestrians, traffic lights might be missed. Therefore, in case of car cameras, the angle of view is increased by introducing distortion aberration. In this case, the field of view increases, yet the geometric similarity between the object and its image is affected. This, in turn, can affect the accuracy of computer vision algorithms. In order to keep the field of view angle large and the similarity between the subject and the object, it is necessary to calibrate the camera. In this paper, a calibration method for wide-angle car cameras is proposed and considered.","PeriodicalId":40775,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Metrological Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47588773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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