Pub Date : 2024-03-28DOI: 10.24027/2306-7039.1.2024.300948
Vasyl Balaban, Oleksandr Kupko
On the example of experimental studies of the luminous intensity of several light sources, it is shown that there are significant deviations of the luminous intensity dependence from the inverse-square law. Two models for estimating the luminous intensity for non-point light sources are proposed, theoretically studied and experimentally verified: the model of distance refinement and the model of additional sources. In the first model, a constant correction is added to the distance measurement result. It can be determined provided that there is a maximum possible constancy of the estimate of the luminous intensity as the product of the measured illuminance and the square of the measured distance for different distances between the receiver and the source. In this case, the correction is constant, and the estimate of the luminous intensity depends on the distance between the source and the receiver. Alternatively, the luminous intensity and the correction to the measured distance can be determined by minimising the deviations of experimentally measured illuminances at different distances from the calculated ones. In this case, a constant luminous intensity and a constant distance correction are determined. The second model is based on the assumption that deviations from the inverse-square law arise because of additional sources, such as reflections from screens, radiation traps, lamp glass, and others. In this model, the distances between the lamp filament and all additional elements are assumed to be known, and the luminous intensity estimates of additional sources are calculated provided that the deviation between the calculated and measured illuminances at different distances is minimised. The considered models have been experimentally verified. The advantages and disadvantages of the models have been analysed, and recommendations for assessing the quality of the procedure for luminous intensity measurements have been given. Based on these models, it is proposed to develop a procedure that would allow assessing the quality of the installation for luminous intensity measurements.
{"title":"Application of two models of non-ideality of sources to increase the accuracy of luminous intensity measurements","authors":"Vasyl Balaban, Oleksandr Kupko","doi":"10.24027/2306-7039.1.2024.300948","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24027/2306-7039.1.2024.300948","url":null,"abstract":"On the example of experimental studies of the luminous intensity of several light sources, it is shown that there are significant deviations of the luminous intensity dependence from the inverse-square law. Two models for estimating the luminous intensity for non-point light sources are proposed, theoretically studied and experimentally verified: the model of distance refinement and the model of additional sources. \u0000In the first model, a constant correction is added to the distance measurement result. It can be determined provided that there is a maximum possible constancy of the estimate of the luminous intensity as the product of the measured illuminance and the square of the measured distance for different distances between the receiver and the source. In this case, the correction is constant, and the estimate of the luminous intensity depends on the distance between the source and the receiver. Alternatively, the luminous intensity and the correction to the measured distance can be determined by minimising the deviations of experimentally measured illuminances at different distances from the calculated ones. In this case, a constant luminous intensity and a constant distance correction are determined. \u0000The second model is based on the assumption that deviations from the inverse-square law arise because of additional sources, such as reflections from screens, radiation traps, lamp glass, and others. In this model, the distances between the lamp filament and all additional elements are assumed to be known, and the luminous intensity estimates of additional sources are calculated provided that the deviation between the calculated and measured illuminances at different distances is minimised. \u0000The considered models have been experimentally verified. The advantages and disadvantages of the models have been analysed, and recommendations for assessing the quality of the procedure for luminous intensity measurements have been given. Based on these models, it is proposed to develop a procedure that would allow assessing the quality of the installation for luminous intensity measurements.","PeriodicalId":40775,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Metrological Journal","volume":"30 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140372874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-28DOI: 10.24027/2306-7039.1.2024.300868
Andrii Korobko, Julia Kotova
The paper proposes a new way of assessing the agreement between measurement results during test quality assurance procedures in the laboratory. The decision-making rule is based on the measurement uncertainty. The probability, with which mathematical expectations of the measured data lie within the uncertainty of the indicator measurements, is proposed as a quantitative indicator. Such a quantitative indicator of the impact of methodological errors is proposed as the ratio of the difference between mathematical expectations of the measurement results obtained in different series of measurements to the average uncertainty of their determination, taking into account the applied decision-making rule. This indicator is based on the assumption that the measurement results are normally distributed. To simplify the process of calculating quality assurance indicators and reduce the risk of making mistakes in calculations, the “Agreement” module was created on the basis of a virtual test laboratory. The input data for the calculation of the agreement in the module are: measuring equipment, measurement results themselves (at least three for each tester), the coverage coefficient, full names of the people performing the measurements, and the coefficient of the decision-making rule.
{"title":"An alternative method for assessing the agreement between test results","authors":"Andrii Korobko, Julia Kotova","doi":"10.24027/2306-7039.1.2024.300868","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24027/2306-7039.1.2024.300868","url":null,"abstract":"The paper proposes a new way of assessing the agreement between measurement results during test quality assurance procedures in the laboratory. The decision-making rule is based on the measurement uncertainty. The probability, with which mathematical expectations of the measured data lie within the uncertainty of the indicator measurements, is proposed as a quantitative indicator. Such a quantitative indicator of the impact of methodological errors is proposed as the ratio of the difference between mathematical expectations of the measurement results obtained in different series of measurements to the average uncertainty of their determination, taking into account the applied decision-making rule. This indicator is based on the assumption that the measurement results are normally distributed. To simplify the process of calculating quality assurance indicators and reduce the risk of making mistakes in calculations, the “Agreement” module was created on the basis of a virtual test laboratory. The input data for the calculation of the agreement in the module are: measuring equipment, measurement results themselves (at least three for each tester), the coverage coefficient, full names of the people performing the measurements, and the coefficient of the decision-making rule.","PeriodicalId":40775,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Metrological Journal","volume":"26 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140373091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-28DOI: 10.24027/2306-7039.1.2024.300958
Kostiantyn Mamonov, Taras Nalivayko, Tet. Nalivayko, O. Pomortseva, S. Kobzan
The purpose of the research, the materials of which are presented in this paper, is to reveal modern approaches to combat the deformation of geometric parameters in the construction of electric overhead cranes. This issue is quite relevant in terms of compliance with safety requirements at work. To solve this issue, it is proposed to use the improved technique of geodetic monitoring of geometric parameters of constructions of overhead and electric gantry cranes. The paper describes a laser-mirror system for controlling geometric parameters, which allows considering fairly strict requirements. This method, as demonstrated by experimental data, is one of the most reliable and accurate. The authors developed and used the installations of the “Laser beam – mirror” system, which shall meet clear methodological requirements. It is shown that the deviation from the correct installation of the mirror in the vertical plane leads to an increase in measurement errors. The research was carried out with the help of a laser mirror device. As a result of the research and using the procedure developed by the authors, a rectangular scale for fixing the laser beam was proposed. The implementation of the results obtained by the authors will allow establishing the accuracy of measurements within the limits of permissible values. In addition, the existing permissible deviations of the geometric parameters of the constructions of overhead cranes at industrial enterprises were analysed. The authors identified the shortcomings of modern existing methods and proposed new geodetic equipment and methods of their implementation. The paper examines the accuracy of the developed methods that can ensure and increase the guarantee of safe operation of overhead cranes.
{"title":"Modern approaches to studying the accuracy of determination of deformation values in geodesic monitoring of crane equipment","authors":"Kostiantyn Mamonov, Taras Nalivayko, Tet. Nalivayko, O. Pomortseva, S. Kobzan","doi":"10.24027/2306-7039.1.2024.300958","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24027/2306-7039.1.2024.300958","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the research, the materials of which are presented in this paper, is to reveal modern approaches to combat the deformation of geometric parameters in the construction of electric overhead cranes. This issue is quite relevant in terms of compliance with safety requirements at work. To solve this issue, it is proposed to use the improved technique of geodetic monitoring of geometric parameters of constructions of overhead and electric gantry cranes. The paper describes a laser-mirror system for controlling geometric parameters, which allows considering fairly strict requirements. This method, as demonstrated by experimental data, is one of the most reliable and accurate. The authors developed and used the installations of the “Laser beam – mirror” system, which shall meet clear methodological requirements. It is shown that the deviation from the correct installation of the mirror in the vertical plane leads to an increase in measurement errors. The research was carried out with the help of a laser mirror device. As a result of the research and using the procedure developed by the authors, a rectangular scale for fixing the laser beam was proposed. The implementation of the results obtained by the authors will allow establishing the accuracy of measurements within the limits of permissible values. In addition, the existing permissible deviations of the geometric parameters of the constructions of overhead cranes at industrial enterprises were analysed. The authors identified the shortcomings of modern existing methods and proposed new geodetic equipment and methods of their implementation. The paper examines the accuracy of the developed methods that can ensure and increase the guarantee of safe operation of overhead cranes.","PeriodicalId":40775,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Metrological Journal","volume":"78 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140371637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Standard reference materials of the composition and properties of substances and materials are used in both industrial and non-industrial sectors of society to ensure measurement uniformity and traceability in those types of measurements that cannot be provided using standards. During times of war and increased nuclear threat due to a full-scale invasion by an aggressor state, there is a need for heightened attention to the verification of ionizing radiation detection blocks, measurement channels of radiation monitoring systems, radiometers, and radiometric installations, as well as alpha, beta, and gamma radiation spectrometers. The aim of the paper is to demonstrate the method to evaluate the measurement uncertainty of reference materials (Europium-152 (Eu-152), Сaesium-137 (Cs-137), and Thorium-232 (Th-232)) when they are generated and calibrated according to the international regulations. The evaluation of the measurement uncertainty of a radioactive reference material with a natural half-life period is relevant and valid, considering its homogeneity properties and stability. To assess the properties, as well as the measurement uncertainty, one-variant variance analysis was performed.
{"title":"A statistical method for the assessment of metrological characteristics of reference materials","authors":"Volodymyr Skliarov, Kostiantyn Ozerskyi, Andrii Pustovyi","doi":"10.24027/2306-7039.1.2024.300954","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24027/2306-7039.1.2024.300954","url":null,"abstract":"Standard reference materials of the composition and properties of substances and materials are used in both industrial and non-industrial sectors of society to ensure measurement uniformity and traceability in those types of measurements that cannot be provided using standards. \u0000During times of war and increased nuclear threat due to a full-scale invasion by an aggressor state, there is a need for heightened attention to the verification of ionizing radiation detection blocks, measurement channels of radiation monitoring systems, radiometers, and radiometric installations, as well as alpha, beta, and gamma radiation spectrometers. \u0000The aim of the paper is to demonstrate the method to evaluate the measurement uncertainty of reference materials (Europium-152 (Eu-152), Сaesium-137 (Cs-137), and Thorium-232 (Th-232)) when they are generated and calibrated according to the international regulations. The evaluation of the measurement uncertainty of a radioactive reference material with a natural half-life period is relevant and valid, considering its homogeneity properties and stability. To assess the properties, as well as the measurement uncertainty, one-variant variance analysis was performed.","PeriodicalId":40775,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Metrological Journal","volume":"60 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140368926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-28DOI: 10.24027/2306-7039.1.2024.300870
Igor Zakharov, O. Botsiura, V. Semenikhin
The features of calibration of analog ohmmeters are considered. Two measurement schemes for calibration were studied: using a multivalued standard measure, which makes it possible to set the ohmmeter readings to the calibrated scale mark, and by a direct measurement of the resistance value of a standard single-valued measure using a calibrated ohmmeter. It is shown that in the first case, the reading error includes two components: the error due to the phenomenon of parallax and the error in aligning the ohmmeter needle with the calibrated scale mark. In the second case, instead of the last component, it is necessary to take into account the interpolation error. Expressions for the uncertainty evaluation of corrections for all components of the reading error for linear and nonlinear ohmmeter scales are given. Formulas have been obtained that make it possible to calculate the measured resistance value in the event that the ohmmeter needle falls between the marks of a nonlinear scale.
{"title":"Study of reading errors when calibrating analog ohmmeters","authors":"Igor Zakharov, O. Botsiura, V. Semenikhin","doi":"10.24027/2306-7039.1.2024.300870","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24027/2306-7039.1.2024.300870","url":null,"abstract":"The features of calibration of analog ohmmeters are considered. Two measurement schemes for calibration were studied: using a multivalued standard measure, which makes it possible to set the ohmmeter readings to the calibrated scale mark, and by a direct measurement of the resistance value of a standard single-valued measure using a calibrated ohmmeter. It is shown that in the first case, the reading error includes two components: the error due to the phenomenon of parallax and the error in aligning the ohmmeter needle with the calibrated scale mark. In the second case, instead of the last component, it is necessary to take into account the interpolation error. Expressions for the uncertainty evaluation of corrections for all components of the reading error for linear and nonlinear ohmmeter scales are given. Formulas have been obtained that make it possible to calculate the measured resistance value in the event that the ohmmeter needle falls between the marks of a nonlinear scale.","PeriodicalId":40775,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Metrological Journal","volume":"50 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140371541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-28DOI: 10.24027/2306-7039.1.2024.300926
O. Velychko, T. Gordiyenko
Inductance measurements are important in many fields, especially in electronics, electrical engineering, radio engineering, and other areas. The inductance is often an important parameter in a wide range of applications such as radio transmitters, power circuits, magnetic resonance pulsed sources, etc. The accuracy of the inductance affects the quality of products, especially in devices where inductors are used, such as filters, transformers, inverters, etc. High-precision inductance measurements are used for the product quality control to ensure that manufactured devices meet established specifications and standards. Drift is an undesirable property of all measuring instruments and measurement standards during their life cycle. The analysis of the instrumental drift of measurement standards is of great importance in metrology. Reliable drift accounting plays an important role in maintaining measurement accuracy. For electrical measurement standards, the long-term drift is predictable. The drift types and main methods of its estimation for measurement standards between their calibrations were analysed. The drift uncertainty can be evaluated from the history of successive calibrations, and in the absence of such history, the order of magnitude of the calibration uncertainty can be estimated. The results of the estimation of the long-term drift of the inductance measurement standards for high-precision calibration of measuring instruments and measurement standards by two methods, polynomial regression curves and Exponentially Weighted Moving Average (EWMA) schemes, are given. The EWMA schemes reduce the lag inherent in traditional moving averages by giving more weight to recent observations. It is shown that the use of the EWMA schemes compared to the regression analysis shows greater sensitivity to the drift changes in the last years of observations. This allows the laboratory to take this factor into account when calibrating measuring instruments and measurement standards.
{"title":"The estimation of the long-term drift of the inductance measurement standards","authors":"O. Velychko, T. Gordiyenko","doi":"10.24027/2306-7039.1.2024.300926","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24027/2306-7039.1.2024.300926","url":null,"abstract":"Inductance measurements are important in many fields, especially in electronics, electrical engineering, radio engineering, and other areas. The inductance is often an important parameter in a wide range of applications such as radio transmitters, power circuits, magnetic resonance pulsed sources, etc. The accuracy of the inductance affects the quality of products, especially in devices where inductors are used, such as filters, transformers, inverters, etc. High-precision inductance measurements are used for the product quality control to ensure that manufactured devices meet established specifications and standards. \u0000Drift is an undesirable property of all measuring instruments and measurement standards during their life cycle. The analysis of the instrumental drift of measurement standards is of great importance in metrology. Reliable drift accounting plays an important role in maintaining measurement accuracy. For electrical measurement standards, the long-term drift is predictable. The drift types and main methods of its estimation for measurement standards between their calibrations were analysed. The drift uncertainty can be evaluated from the history of successive calibrations, and in the absence of such history, the order of magnitude of the calibration uncertainty can be estimated. \u0000The results of the estimation of the long-term drift of the inductance measurement standards for high-precision calibration of measuring instruments and measurement standards by two methods, polynomial regression curves and Exponentially Weighted Moving Average (EWMA) schemes, are given. The EWMA schemes reduce the lag inherent in traditional moving averages by giving more weight to recent observations. It is shown that the use of the EWMA schemes compared to the regression analysis shows greater sensitivity to the drift changes in the last years of observations. This allows the laboratory to take this factor into account when calibrating measuring instruments and measurement standards.","PeriodicalId":40775,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Metrological Journal","volume":"105 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140370716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-28DOI: 10.24027/2306-7039.1.2024.300937
Valeriy Aschepkov
The paper discusses the results of a study of metrological characteristics of the state primary measurement standard of volume flow and mass consumption of liquid, as well as the volume and mass of liquid flowing through pipelines (DETU 03-04-04). The study was conducted at the National Scientific Centre “Institute of Metrology” in preparation for international comparisons. Metrological characteristics of the components of the state measurement standard were studied, including the stability of the flow by experimentally determining the standard measurement uncertainty of the mass consumption of liquid at the measurement section of the standard. Based on the obtained results, the measurement standard was modernized. In addition, the paper discusses possible directions for further research aimed at improving measurement methods and analysing the measurement uncertainty of Type A. Further work in this direction can contribute to increasing the competitiveness across the national and international metrological community. The paper also examines the procedure for processing measurement results during international comparisons and identifies basic requirements for complying with international standards for further research of the measurement standard to meet these requirements. Metrological comparisons are an important part of metrology, as they ensure the equivalence of measurement units, which is essential for ensuring uniformity of measurements in various industrial and scientific areas. Such measures do not only promote scientific progress, but also ensure high standards of quality and safety in modern society. The results of this research will help to prepare for international comparisons, which are important for comparing measurement units. This, in turn, will contribute to more efficient transfer of measurement units to secondary measurement standards and measuring instruments.
本文讨论了对液体体积流量和质量消耗量以及流经管道的液体体积和质量的国家初级计量标准的计量特性进行研究的结果（DETU 03-04-04）。这项研究是在国家科学中心 "计量研究所 "进行的，目的是为国际比较做准备。对国家测量标准各组成部分的计量特性进行了研究，包括通过实验确定标准测量部 分液体质量消耗量的标准测量不确定度来确定流量的稳定性。根据获得的结果，对测量标准进行了现代化改造。此外，论文还讨论了旨在改进测量方法和分析 A 型测量不确定度的进一步研究的可能方向。本文还研究了国际比对期间处理测量结果的程序，并确定了符合国际标准的基本要求，以便进一步研究测量标准，满足这些要求。计量比对是计量学的重要组成部分，因为计量比对可以确保测量单位的等效性，这对于确保各工业和科学领域测量的统一性至关重要。这些措施不仅能促进科学进步，还能确保现代社会的高标准质量和安全。这项研究的成果将有助于为国际比较做准备，而国际比较对于比较测量单位非常重要。反过来，这也将有助于更有效地将测量单位转移到二级测量标准和测量仪器中。
{"title":"Study of metrological characteristics of the state primary measurement standard of volume flow and mass consumption of liquid in preparation for participation in international comparisons","authors":"Valeriy Aschepkov","doi":"10.24027/2306-7039.1.2024.300937","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24027/2306-7039.1.2024.300937","url":null,"abstract":"The paper discusses the results of a study of metrological characteristics of the state primary measurement standard of volume flow and mass consumption of liquid, as well as the volume and mass of liquid flowing through pipelines (DETU 03-04-04). The study was conducted at the National Scientific Centre “Institute of Metrology” in preparation for international comparisons. Metrological characteristics of the components of the state measurement standard were studied, including the stability of the flow by experimentally determining the standard measurement uncertainty of the mass consumption of liquid at the measurement section of the standard. Based on the obtained results, the measurement standard was modernized. In addition, the paper discusses possible directions for further research aimed at improving measurement methods and analysing the measurement uncertainty of Type A. Further work in this direction can contribute to increasing the competitiveness across the national and international metrological community. The paper also examines the procedure for processing measurement results during international comparisons and identifies basic requirements for complying with international standards for further research of the measurement standard to meet these requirements. \u0000Metrological comparisons are an important part of metrology, as they ensure the equivalence of measurement units, which is essential for ensuring uniformity of measurements in various industrial and scientific areas. Such measures do not only promote scientific progress, but also ensure high standards of quality and safety in modern society. The results of this research will help to prepare for international comparisons, which are important for comparing measurement units. This, in turn, will contribute to more efficient transfer of measurement units to secondary measurement standards and measuring instruments.","PeriodicalId":40775,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Metrological Journal","volume":"118 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140370242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-28DOI: 10.24027/2306-7039.1.2024.300869
T. Bubela, V. Yatsuk, M. Mykyjchuk, O. Kochan, Y. Yatsuk
The main requirements for the calibration of measuring channels of distributed measuring instruments at the operation site are described. When preparing for calibration, the use of portable discharge working measurement standards, which consist of a reference voltage source and a divider, is substantiated. The proposed structure of the device for calibration is based on a divider of single-nominal resistors and corresponding algorithms for processing the conversion results. The feasibility of using a divider in which the resistors are closed in a ring is substantiated. To ensure the invariance to residual parameters of switching elements when implementing several evenly spaced calibration points in the conversion range, a potential-current switching of both the input reference voltage and the output converted voltage is proposed. In addition, a method to correct the equivalent additive error component of the entire measuring channel during its calibration is proposed. The expediency of the studied measuring channels to obtain intermediate conversion results is shown. An algorithm and method of processing intermediate conversion results to obtain code values at all calibration points are proposed. To process these results, it is advisable to apply an additional software in the European Metrology Cloud. It is shown that the calibration error of the measuring channels at the operation site is determined by the error of the reference voltage source.
{"title":"Ensuring uniformity of measurements in the European Metrology Cloud","authors":"T. Bubela, V. Yatsuk, M. Mykyjchuk, O. Kochan, Y. Yatsuk","doi":"10.24027/2306-7039.1.2024.300869","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24027/2306-7039.1.2024.300869","url":null,"abstract":"The main requirements for the calibration of measuring channels of distributed measuring instruments at the operation site are described. When preparing for calibration, the use of portable discharge working measurement standards, which consist of a reference voltage source and a divider, is substantiated. The proposed structure of the device for calibration is based on a divider of single-nominal resistors and corresponding algorithms for processing the conversion results. The feasibility of using a divider in which the resistors are closed in a ring is substantiated. To ensure the invariance to residual parameters of switching elements when implementing several evenly spaced calibration points in the conversion range, a potential-current switching of both the input reference voltage and the output converted voltage is proposed. In addition, a method to correct the equivalent additive error component of the entire measuring channel during its calibration is proposed. The expediency of the studied measuring channels to obtain intermediate conversion results is shown. An algorithm and method of processing intermediate conversion results to obtain code values at all calibration points are proposed. To process these results, it is advisable to apply an additional software in the European Metrology Cloud. It is shown that the calibration error of the measuring channels at the operation site is determined by the error of the reference voltage source.","PeriodicalId":40775,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Metrological Journal","volume":"4 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140372589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-18DOI: 10.24027/2306-7039.4.2023.298584
Pavel Neyezhmakov, Olena Vasylieva, Yurii Pavlenko
The implementation of the New SI in 2019 and the definition of base units in terms of “defining constants” has significantly changed the metrology methods and led to the introduction of a quantum approach to the reproduction of units. The paper highlights a number of features of quantum methods and measurement standards, the ultimate accuracy of which is limited only by the “quantum structure of nature”. For electrical measurements, the implementation of the New SI means the end of the dualism that has existed since 1990. The dualism was that the SI defined the ampere – base unit of electricity – by mechanical measurements and quantities, and for reference measurements in practice, it was recommended to use the quantum effects of Josephson and Hall. A number of features of quantum methods and measurement standards are considered, which made it possible to increase the accuracy of reproduction of electrical units (and even earlier – units of time and length) by several orders of magnitude compared to the “pre-quantum” era. Another feature of the SI-2019 was the fact that it linked the units of all base quantities to the second and thus paved the way for the reproduction of units in terms of defining constants (which are fixed without uncertainty in the SI-2019) and the second, which is measured with the highest accuracy. Thus, the main task of metrology is to establish the relationship between the measured value and the second. In electrical measurements and some other types of measurements, this function is performed by quantum methods, which are described in this paper. The extremely high accuracy of time measurements, the availability of its transfer via communication lines, and the system-forming nature of the second determine its special status in SI-2019. The paper presents that the success in creating frequency measurement standards in the optical range promises further improvement of the accuracy of the second, which only raises its status and may lead to official revision of its definition in terms of the frequency of another quantum transition already existing in the optical range. It is suggested that the development of quantum measurement methods, the counting nature of these methods, and the features of the second mentioned in the paper bring us closer to the creation of a new metrology that will be a logical continuation of quantum metrology and which can be conventionally called “digital”.
{"title":"Features of quantum measurement standards and special status of the second in the SI-2019","authors":"Pavel Neyezhmakov, Olena Vasylieva, Yurii Pavlenko","doi":"10.24027/2306-7039.4.2023.298584","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24027/2306-7039.4.2023.298584","url":null,"abstract":"The implementation of the New SI in 2019 and the definition of base units in terms of “defining constants” has significantly changed the metrology methods and led to the introduction of a quantum approach to the reproduction of units. The paper highlights a number of features of quantum methods and measurement standards, the ultimate accuracy of which is limited only by the “quantum structure of nature”. For electrical measurements, the implementation of the New SI means the end of the dualism that has existed since 1990. The dualism was that the SI defined the ampere – base unit of electricity – by mechanical measurements and quantities, and for reference measurements in practice, it was recommended to use the quantum effects of Josephson and Hall. \u0000A number of features of quantum methods and measurement standards are considered, which made it possible to increase the accuracy of reproduction of electrical units (and even earlier – units of time and length) by several orders of magnitude compared to the “pre-quantum” era. \u0000Another feature of the SI-2019 was the fact that it linked the units of all base quantities to the second and thus paved the way for the reproduction of units in terms of defining constants (which are fixed without uncertainty in the SI-2019) and the second, which is measured with the highest accuracy. Thus, the main task of metrology is to establish the relationship between the measured value and the second. In electrical measurements and some other types of measurements, this function is performed by quantum methods, which are described in this paper. \u0000The extremely high accuracy of time measurements, the availability of its transfer via communication lines, and the system-forming nature of the second determine its special status in SI-2019. \u0000The paper presents that the success in creating frequency measurement standards in the optical range promises further improvement of the accuracy of the second, which only raises its status and may lead to official revision of its definition in terms of the frequency of another quantum transition already existing in the optical range. \u0000It is suggested that the development of quantum measurement methods, the counting nature of these methods, and the features of the second mentioned in the paper bring us closer to the creation of a new metrology that will be a logical continuation of quantum metrology and which can be conventionally called “digital”.","PeriodicalId":40775,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Metrological Journal","volume":"38 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140452854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-18DOI: 10.24027/2306-7039.3.2023.291933
Yakov Serikov
An important task of the construction industry is to establish the operational reliability of construction objects under the influence of cyclic climatic loads from freezing and thawing on the concrete. This is especially relevant if such loads are accompanied by moistening followed by the concrete freezing. Such loads cause a violation of the structure of concrete and lead to a decrease in its strength. It is especially important to solve this problem for acid-resistant concrete, which is used in the construction of platforms for unloading or using material and liquids characterized by their aggressive action – acids, alkalis, etc. According to regulatory documents and official methods, the class of concrete in terms of its frost resistance is determined at the stage of its design using destructive methods. For this purpose, a series of concrete samples are prepared, the strength of which is determined by compressive load during a series of “moistening – freezing – thawing” cycles. Samples are frozen in a special freezer. The peculiarity of the operation with acid-resistant concrete is that its saturation in real conditions occurs not only with water, but also with a solution of an aggressive environment. This can intensify the decrease in the concrete strength, and therefore the decrease in its operational reliability. Published research results aimed at improving the determination of frost resistance of the concrete involve the use of, for example, strain gauges embedded in concrete, the acoustic emission method, etc. The main disadvantage of such methods is the significant complexity of implementation, or the impossibility to test the concrete in production conditions. The results of the experiments presented in the paper indicate a real possibility of determining the strength of acid-resistant concrete during operation using the improved ultrasonic pulse method.
{"title":"Justification of the methods for operational research of the operational reliability of acid-resistant concrete under the influence of climate cycles “freezing – thawing” by the ultrasonic pulse method","authors":"Yakov Serikov","doi":"10.24027/2306-7039.3.2023.291933","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24027/2306-7039.3.2023.291933","url":null,"abstract":"An important task of the construction industry is to establish the operational reliability of construction objects under the influence of cyclic climatic loads from freezing and thawing on the concrete. This is especially relevant if such loads are accompanied by moistening followed by the concrete freezing. Such loads cause a violation of the structure of concrete and lead to a decrease in its strength. It is especially important to solve this problem for acid-resistant concrete, which is used in the construction of platforms for unloading or using material and liquids characterized by their aggressive action – acids, alkalis, etc. According to regulatory documents and official methods, the class of concrete in terms of its frost resistance is determined at the stage of its design using destructive methods. For this purpose, a series of concrete samples are prepared, the strength of which is determined by compressive load during a series of “moistening – freezing – thawing” cycles. Samples are frozen in a special freezer. The peculiarity of the operation with acid-resistant concrete is that its saturation in real conditions occurs not only with water, but also with a solution of an aggressive environment. This can intensify the decrease in the concrete strength, and therefore the decrease in its operational reliability. Published research results aimed at improving the determination of frost resistance of the concrete involve the use of, for example, strain gauges embedded in concrete, the acoustic emission method, etc. The main disadvantage of such methods is the significant complexity of implementation, or the impossibility to test the concrete in production conditions. The results of the experiments presented in the paper indicate a real possibility of determining the strength of acid-resistant concrete during operation using the improved ultrasonic pulse method.","PeriodicalId":40775,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Metrological Journal","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139317615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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