Efuetlancha T. Atem, T. Martin, Enowkewan T. Allen, M. F. Nkemnyi
Gorillas have a wide range of food items in their diet; fruits, leaves, shoot, roots, piths, and insects hence are considered as generalists (Caldecott & Ferris, 2005; Inskipp, 2005). There exists some wide dietary flexibility between gorilla species (western and eastern gorillas). The main focus of the study was investigating on Cross River gorilla (CRG) insectivory and its influence on habitat range suitability at the Tofala Hill Wildlife Sanctuary (THWS). This was based on the hypothesis that insectivory is a determinant to habitat suitability in Cross River gorillas. Reconnaissance survey conducted resulted to 115 gorilla signs recorded amongst which were 19 gorilla dung samples. CRG habitat was characterized by indirect signs recorded within various vegetation type, canopy cover, slope and elevation. This was in order to understand and relate habitat range and food availability. Insect food availability was assessed based on the number of insect/ant mount recorded along CRG trails. Data analysis included Kolmogorov sminorv normality test and non-parametric Spearman’s Rho correlation test to measure relationships between variables and Kruskal-Wallis test to compare groups for significant difference. Cross tabulations were accompanied with Cramers’ V-test in order to measure the level of association between 2 categorical variables most especially in cases where they were nominal. Statistical observations were discussed at the 95% Confidence Level (Alpha=0.05). Fecal analysis revealed insect foods amongst fruits (Afromomum sp., Musa sp., Marantacae sp. etc.), and leaves in THWS CRG. Results showed that insect consumption seemed to decrease with increased altitude. The weak and negative relation in number of insect parts and altitude range permits that the hypothesis of this study be accepted. Concurrently, abundance of insect parts in feces was not necessarily dependent on altitude but dependent on age, hence adopting the hypothesis that insectivory is a determinant to habitat suitability in Cross River gorillas. This study is the very first confirmation that CRGs feed on insects; Dorylus ant and Macrotermes sp. and Cubitermes sp.
大猩猩的食物种类繁多;因此，水果、叶子、芽、根、髓和昆虫被认为是多面手(Caldecott & Ferris, 2005;Inskipp, 2005)。大猩猩种类(西部大猩猩和东部大猩猩)之间存在着广泛的饮食灵活性。研究了托法拉山野生动物保护区(THWS)克罗斯河大猩猩(Cross River gorilla, CRG)的食虫特征及其对生境适宜性的影响。这是基于一种假设，即食虫是克罗斯河大猩猩栖息地适宜性的决定因素。调查共发现115个大猩猩标志，其中19个为大猩猩粪便样本。在不同的植被类型、冠层盖度、坡度和高程中均记录有间接标志。这是为了了解和联系栖息地范围和食物供应。昆虫食物可用性评估基于昆虫/蚂蚁沿CRG步道记录的数量。数据分析采用Kolmogorov sminov正态性检验和非参数Spearman’s Rho相关检验来衡量变量之间的关系，采用Kruskal-Wallis检验来比较组间的显著性差异。交叉表与克莱默斯的v检验相结合，以衡量两个分类变量之间的关联水平，尤其是在它们是名义变量的情况下。统计观察在95%置信水平(Alpha=0.05)进行讨论。粪便分析结果显示，THWS CRG的果实(Afromomum sp.， Musa sp.， Marantacae sp.等)和叶片中含有昆虫食物。结果表明，随着海拔的升高，昆虫的摄取量呈下降趋势。昆虫部位数与海拔高度呈弱负相关关系，可以接受本研究的假设。同时，粪便中昆虫部分的丰度与海拔高度无关，而与年龄有关，因此采用食虫性是克罗斯河大猩猩生境适宜性的决定因素的假设。这项研究首次证实了CRGs以昆虫为食;大白蚁和大白蚁。
{"title":"An Analysis of Insectivory in Cross River Gorillas (Gorilla gorilla diehli) in the Tofala Hill Wildlife Sanctuary, Cameroon","authors":"Efuetlancha T. Atem, T. Martin, Enowkewan T. Allen, M. F. Nkemnyi","doi":"10.5296/EMSD.V8I2.12807","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5296/EMSD.V8I2.12807","url":null,"abstract":"Gorillas have a wide range of food items in their diet; fruits, leaves, shoot, roots, piths, and insects hence are considered as generalists (Caldecott & Ferris, 2005; Inskipp, 2005). There exists some wide dietary flexibility between gorilla species (western and eastern gorillas). The main focus of the study was investigating on Cross River gorilla (CRG) insectivory and its influence on habitat range suitability at the Tofala Hill Wildlife Sanctuary (THWS). This was based on the hypothesis that insectivory is a determinant to habitat suitability in Cross River gorillas. Reconnaissance survey conducted resulted to 115 gorilla signs recorded amongst which were 19 gorilla dung samples. CRG habitat was characterized by indirect signs recorded within various vegetation type, canopy cover, slope and elevation. This was in order to understand and relate habitat range and food availability. Insect food availability was assessed based on the number of insect/ant mount recorded along CRG trails. Data analysis included Kolmogorov sminorv normality test and non-parametric Spearman’s Rho correlation test to measure relationships between variables and Kruskal-Wallis test to compare groups for significant difference. Cross tabulations were accompanied with Cramers’ V-test in order to measure the level of association between 2 categorical variables most especially in cases where they were nominal. Statistical observations were discussed at the 95% Confidence Level (Alpha=0.05). Fecal analysis revealed insect foods amongst fruits (Afromomum sp., Musa sp., Marantacae sp. etc.), and leaves in THWS CRG. Results showed that insect consumption seemed to decrease with increased altitude. The weak and negative relation in number of insect parts and altitude range permits that the hypothesis of this study be accepted. Concurrently, abundance of insect parts in feces was not necessarily dependent on altitude but dependent on age, hence adopting the hypothesis that insectivory is a determinant to habitat suitability in Cross River gorillas. This study is the very first confirmation that CRGs feed on insects; Dorylus ant and Macrotermes sp. and Cubitermes sp.","PeriodicalId":408586,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Management and Sustainable Development","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131154186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Climate change and variability present a new set of obstacles that smallholder farmers in the 21st century have to face, especially hitting farmers in developing countries hard. The livelihoods of many farmers have become exacerbated due to the adverse impact of climate change. Governments and non-governmental agencies have stepped up their roles in helping smallholder farmers rise to the challenge through novel adaptation strategies. Using content analysis of relevant theoretical and empirical literature sources, this paper discusses the concept of climate change adaptation and its impact on the livelihood of smallholder farmers. The susceptibility of smallholder farmers to climate change are discussed and various adaptation options and more importantly, their effect, are explored. The study concludes that interventions by government and non-governmental actors have an impact on the overall livelihood of smallholder farmers in terms of neutralizing the adverse impact brought forth by climate change. The study makes some recommendations, including advancing a combination of traditional and modern practices in adaptation processes; consideration of socio-demographic characteristics of farmers in the adaptation processes.
{"title":"Smallholder Farmers’ Susceptibility to Climate Change Variability: Assessing Adaptation Strategies and Impact on livelihoods","authors":"A. Tahiru","doi":"10.5296/EMSD.V8I1.14067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5296/EMSD.V8I1.14067","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change and variability present a new set of obstacles that smallholder farmers in the 21st century have to face, especially hitting farmers in developing countries hard. The livelihoods of many farmers have become exacerbated due to the adverse impact of climate change. Governments and non-governmental agencies have stepped up their roles in helping smallholder farmers rise to the challenge through novel adaptation strategies. Using content analysis of relevant theoretical and empirical literature sources, this paper discusses the concept of climate change adaptation and its impact on the livelihood of smallholder farmers. The susceptibility of smallholder farmers to climate change are discussed and various adaptation options and more importantly, their effect, are explored. The study concludes that interventions by government and non-governmental actors have an impact on the overall livelihood of smallholder farmers in terms of neutralizing the adverse impact brought forth by climate change. The study makes some recommendations, including advancing a combination of traditional and modern practices in adaptation processes; consideration of socio-demographic characteristics of farmers in the adaptation processes.","PeriodicalId":408586,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Management and Sustainable Development","volume":"515 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123248226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As a signatory to Agenda 21, the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development, the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (including the Sustainable Development Goals) and the Convention on Biological Diversity, Australia has an international obligation to ensure sustainable development. Biodiversity offsets are one tool used by Australian regulators to allow development to continue, whilst ensuring international obligations for sustainable development are met. In this study, legislation, policy and published guidelines for the Australian Commonwealth, states and territories were analysed to determine if the application of biodiversity offsets was consistent with the principles of sustainable development (environmentally, socially, economically) and if the allowance of biodiversity offsets in different jurisdictions created gaps in biodiversity and environmental protection across Australia. Regulation of biodiversity offsets was found to be inconsistent between the Commonwealth and the states and territories, with most jurisdictions having less than 50% similarity. This inconsistency in offset policy and legislation between jurisdictions could lead to loss of biodiversity. Additionally, jurisdictions did not adequately consider the social and economic aspects of sustainability in relation to biodiversity offsets, meaning that, through the allowance of biodiversity offsets, Australia may not be meeting their international obligations related to sustainable development. Further legislative development for biodiversity offsets is required in Australia to improve environmental protection and to adequately consider all aspects of sustainability. The Council of Australian Governments is a mechanism that could be used to ensure all jurisdictions consider the aspects of sustainability consistently in relation to biodiversity offsets.
{"title":"Apples for Oranges: Disparities in Offset Legislation and Policy among Jurisdictions and its Implications for Environmental Protection and Sustainable Development in Australia","authors":"Linda J Abdo, Sandy Griffin, Annabeth S. Kemp","doi":"10.5296/EMSD.V8I1.14081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5296/EMSD.V8I1.14081","url":null,"abstract":"As a signatory to Agenda 21, the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development, the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (including the Sustainable Development Goals) and the Convention on Biological Diversity, Australia has an international obligation to ensure sustainable development. Biodiversity offsets are one tool used by Australian regulators to allow development to continue, whilst ensuring international obligations for sustainable development are met. In this study, legislation, policy and published guidelines for the Australian Commonwealth, states and territories were analysed to determine if the application of biodiversity offsets was consistent with the principles of sustainable development (environmentally, socially, economically) and if the allowance of biodiversity offsets in different jurisdictions created gaps in biodiversity and environmental protection across Australia. Regulation of biodiversity offsets was found to be inconsistent between the Commonwealth and the states and territories, with most jurisdictions having less than 50% similarity. This inconsistency in offset policy and legislation between jurisdictions could lead to loss of biodiversity. Additionally, jurisdictions did not adequately consider the social and economic aspects of sustainability in relation to biodiversity offsets, meaning that, through the allowance of biodiversity offsets, Australia may not be meeting their international obligations related to sustainable development. Further legislative development for biodiversity offsets is required in Australia to improve environmental protection and to adequately consider all aspects of sustainability. The Council of Australian Governments is a mechanism that could be used to ensure all jurisdictions consider the aspects of sustainability consistently in relation to biodiversity offsets.","PeriodicalId":408586,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Management and Sustainable Development","volume":"340 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127578288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Steel making industry is one of the major contributors to the global environmental catastrophes including climate change, photochemical smog and depletion of the ozone layer. Emissions from steel making process result in health impacts on workers and the neighboring communities. This study aimed to investigate indoor air quality in a steel making industry in Saudi Arabia. Indicative pollutants, SO2, NOx, CO, CO2, O3, PM10 and PM2.5 were measured at eight locations across the factory. The obtained results indicated that loading, melting, slag pouring and casting stages are the major sources of indoor air pollution. In comparison with the ambient air, indoor concentrations increased up to: 13.50, 9.8, 1.29, 2.7, 15.6, times for SO2, NOx, CO2, VOCs, O3, respectively. Periodical medical check, pollution control, using of uncontaminated scrap, compliance with H&S regulations, are the key factors in reducing indoor emissions and subsequently improve occupational health.
{"title":"Indoor Air Quality in Steel Making Industries","authors":"K. Al-Zboon, Osric Tening Forton","doi":"10.5296/EMSD.V8I1.14315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5296/EMSD.V8I1.14315","url":null,"abstract":"Steel making industry is one of the major contributors to the global environmental catastrophes including climate change, photochemical smog and depletion of the ozone layer. Emissions from steel making process result in health impacts on workers and the neighboring communities. This study aimed to investigate indoor air quality in a steel making industry in Saudi Arabia. Indicative pollutants, SO2, NOx, CO, CO2, O3, PM10 and PM2.5 were measured at eight locations across the factory. The obtained results indicated that loading, melting, slag pouring and casting stages are the major sources of indoor air pollution. In comparison with the ambient air, indoor concentrations increased up to: 13.50, 9.8, 1.29, 2.7, 15.6, times for SO2, NOx, CO2, VOCs, O3, respectively. Periodical medical check, pollution control, using of uncontaminated scrap, compliance with H&S regulations, are the key factors in reducing indoor emissions and subsequently improve occupational health. ","PeriodicalId":408586,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Management and Sustainable Development","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123302345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper discusses injustice in solid waste management (SWM) and its impact on poor communities in Kinshasa, the capital of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). It is argued that poor communities in Kinshasa tend to be the most affected by irregularities in solid waste collection and management. A divide between the rich and poor neighbourhoods is experienced in solid waste management engendering injustice in the city of Kinshasa. Using a qualitative and quantitative research methodology, it is suggested that the current governance systems for SWM in Kinshasa, is unfair by all the different ideas of fairness. In view of this, a cultural theory and systems approach are introduced to determine how actors (fatalist, hierarchist, individualist and egalitarian) influence the management of solid waste and how they are engagement can create environmental justice in SWM in Kinshasa. The paper provides that if the ideal form of urban SWM could be realised in Kinshasa, it should be called participatory resource recovery governance. An environmental policy tailored to very local circumstances-together with some financial support from the government public sector and private companies, and the deployment of social awareness campaigns designed to reduce the generation of “waste” at source (and to emphasise the economic resource value of the misnomer of “wastes”)-could succeed in shifting things towards participatory resource recovery governance. In it, all stakeholders would share equitably the responsibility of resource recovery and environmental protection, if not restoration.
{"title":"Solid Waste Management and Environmental Injustice in Poor Communities in Kinshasa: A Cultural theory and Systems Approach","authors":"Nzalalemba Serge Kubanza, M. D. Simatele","doi":"10.5296/EMSD.V8I1.14288","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5296/EMSD.V8I1.14288","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses injustice in solid waste management (SWM) and its impact on poor communities in Kinshasa, the capital of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). It is argued that poor communities in Kinshasa tend to be the most affected by irregularities in solid waste collection and management. A divide between the rich and poor neighbourhoods is experienced in solid waste management engendering injustice in the city of Kinshasa. Using a qualitative and quantitative research methodology, it is suggested that the current governance systems for SWM in Kinshasa, is unfair by all the different ideas of fairness. In view of this, a cultural theory and systems approach are introduced to determine how actors (fatalist, hierarchist, individualist and egalitarian) influence the management of solid waste and how they are engagement can create environmental justice in SWM in Kinshasa. The paper provides that if the ideal form of urban SWM could be realised in Kinshasa, it should be called participatory resource recovery governance. An environmental policy tailored to very local circumstances-together with some financial support from the government public sector and private companies, and the deployment of social awareness campaigns designed to reduce the generation of “waste” at source (and to emphasise the economic resource value of the misnomer of “wastes”)-could succeed in shifting things towards participatory resource recovery governance. In it, all stakeholders would share equitably the responsibility of resource recovery and environmental protection, if not restoration.","PeriodicalId":408586,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Management and Sustainable Development","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128557893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Stuiver, A. Groot, E. Slobbe, E. M. Blom-Zandstra, H. Korevaar, K. Soma
Climate change, ecological degradation and socio-economic developments are increasingly putting pressure on people’s living environments. Societies, regions and cities need to increase their resilience through adaptive governance, which is their capacity to adapt to changing relationships between society and ecosystems. In this article, we explore how three core conditions for adaptive governance, referred to as; 1) discourse arenas, 2) epistemic networks and 3) leadership, have proved to be useful in the shaping of the Markermeer-IJmeer region, part of the Amsterdam Metropole Region in the Netherlands. We find that discourse arenas and epistemic networks have set the scene for societal actors to invest in a sustainable transformation of the area. Moreover, they were a push factor for the transformation of opinions how to govern and plan the area. Actors identified links to overcome the division between socio-economic development and environmental conservation in the Amsterdam Metropole region. Actors from the industry took steps to include nature conservation. We recommend that adaptive governance should be enhanced with notions such as discourse, learning, trust, responsibility and leadership in future research and policy making for resilient urban areas.
{"title":"Key Conditions of Adaptive Governance for Resilient Urban Areas: Insights from the Markermeer-IJmeer Region in the Amsterdam Metropole Region, the Netherlands","authors":"M. Stuiver, A. Groot, E. Slobbe, E. M. Blom-Zandstra, H. Korevaar, K. Soma","doi":"10.5296/EMSD.V8I1.14295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5296/EMSD.V8I1.14295","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change, ecological degradation and socio-economic developments are increasingly putting pressure on people’s living environments. Societies, regions and cities need to increase their resilience through adaptive governance, which is their capacity to adapt to changing relationships between society and ecosystems. In this article, we explore how three core conditions for adaptive governance, referred to as; 1) discourse arenas, 2) epistemic networks and 3) leadership, have proved to be useful in the shaping of the Markermeer-IJmeer region, part of the Amsterdam Metropole Region in the Netherlands. We find that discourse arenas and epistemic networks have set the scene for societal actors to invest in a sustainable transformation of the area. Moreover, they were a push factor for the transformation of opinions how to govern and plan the area. Actors identified links to overcome the division between socio-economic development and environmental conservation in the Amsterdam Metropole region. Actors from the industry took steps to include nature conservation. We recommend that adaptive governance should be enhanced with notions such as discourse, learning, trust, responsibility and leadership in future research and policy making for resilient urban areas.","PeriodicalId":408586,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Management and Sustainable Development","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134630788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
While legislation exist to regulate urban development, there is unfortunately a wide spread disrespect of the urban environmental policies which could stem the host of challenges that could impair human wellbeing and livelihoods of the urban dwellers. This paper examines the non implementation of the urban environmental laws using the Anthropic Interference Model (AIM) which posit that human interference with the drainage channel within city environments accounts for increased flood frequencies and flood magnitudes. The study for Buea, a highland town and Limbe, a low coastal city shows that there is an incredible degree of human interference with the existing drainage systems which is the results of the urban flood hazards, the unhealthy wet environments and the urban aesthetic blight. In view of these prevailing conditions, the paper recommends a strong sensitization of the urban population on the need to respect the legislation enforced as a move toward the building of sustainable cities. Apart from the raising of public awareness, there should be a strict application of the law in which the demolition of structures that contravene the law should serve as a deterrent to future non compliance. This would be an effective measure for parting with the long standing urban environmental Laissez-faire that has plagued our Cameroonian towns.
{"title":"Laissez-Faire Environmental Policy Implementation and Fako Urban Blight, Cameroon","authors":"S. S. Kometa, C. M. Lambi, Tata Emmanuel Sunjo","doi":"10.5296/EMSD.V8I1.14264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5296/EMSD.V8I1.14264","url":null,"abstract":"While legislation exist to regulate urban development, there is unfortunately a wide spread disrespect of the urban environmental policies which could stem the host of challenges that could impair human wellbeing and livelihoods of the urban dwellers. This paper examines the non implementation of the urban environmental laws using the Anthropic Interference Model (AIM) which posit that human interference with the drainage channel within city environments accounts for increased flood frequencies and flood magnitudes. The study for Buea, a highland town and Limbe, a low coastal city shows that there is an incredible degree of human interference with the existing drainage systems which is the results of the urban flood hazards, the unhealthy wet environments and the urban aesthetic blight. In view of these prevailing conditions, the paper recommends a strong sensitization of the urban population on the need to respect the legislation enforced as a move toward the building of sustainable cities. Apart from the raising of public awareness, there should be a strict application of the law in which the demolition of structures that contravene the law should serve as a deterrent to future non compliance. This would be an effective measure for parting with the long standing urban environmental Laissez-faire that has plagued our Cameroonian towns.","PeriodicalId":408586,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Management and Sustainable Development","volume":"737 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132584286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. F. Mohamed, G. Awad, C. Andriantsiferana, H. Delmas
In recent years, interest has been focused on the removal of phenols from contaminated by using a variety of purification techniques. Adsorption of bio-industrial effluent on commercial activated carbon S23 was investigated at ambient conditions. In this wok, phenol and p-hydroxyl benzoic acid (PHBA) was studied as an example of the organic compounds present in the industrial effluent. The effect of temperature, pH, and the presence of inorganic salt NaCl on the pollutants adsorption were studied to give further comprehension of the optimal conditions of the organic compounds adsorption onto activated carbon. It was noted that the increase in temperature resulted in a decrease in phenols adsorption capacity by S23. Lower phenol adsorption was also observed at the solution pH 2 and 10, whereas, favourable adsorption was reached at neutral solution pH, and the coexisting inorganic salt NaCl exerts slightly positive effect on the adsorption process. The isotherms obtained at pH 2.2 and 3.5 (non-buffered solution) are very similar and showed a higher adsorption capacity compared with that obtained at pH 7 and 10 for PHBA which is more adsorbable than phenol. The kinetic of the adsorption processes can be better represented by the pseudo-second order. The results showed also that the total organic carbon (TOC) of the industrial effluent reduced for about 20 %. Freundlich, Langmuir and Jovanovic adsorption models were used for mathematical description of adsorption equilibrium of phenols. The results showed that the experimental data fitted very well to the Freundlich and Jovanovic models.
{"title":"Effect of Salinity and PH on the Industrial Effluent Treatment by Activated Carbon: Modeling of the Kinetic Adsorption and Equilibrium Isotherms","authors":"E. F. Mohamed, G. Awad, C. Andriantsiferana, H. Delmas","doi":"10.5296/EMSD.V8I1.14258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5296/EMSD.V8I1.14258","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, interest has been focused on the removal of phenols from contaminated by using a variety of purification techniques. Adsorption of bio-industrial effluent on commercial activated carbon S23 was investigated at ambient conditions. In this wok, phenol and p-hydroxyl benzoic acid (PHBA) was studied as an example of the organic compounds present in the industrial effluent. The effect of temperature, pH, and the presence of inorganic salt NaCl on the pollutants adsorption were studied to give further comprehension of the optimal conditions of the organic compounds adsorption onto activated carbon. It was noted that the increase in temperature resulted in a decrease in phenols adsorption capacity by S23. Lower phenol adsorption was also observed at the solution pH 2 and 10, whereas, favourable adsorption was reached at neutral solution pH, and the coexisting inorganic salt NaCl exerts slightly positive effect on the adsorption process. The isotherms obtained at pH 2.2 and 3.5 (non-buffered solution) are very similar and showed a higher adsorption capacity compared with that obtained at pH 7 and 10 for PHBA which is more adsorbable than phenol. The kinetic of the adsorption processes can be better represented by the pseudo-second order. The results showed also that the total organic carbon (TOC) of the industrial effluent reduced for about 20 %. Freundlich, Langmuir and Jovanovic adsorption models were used for mathematical description of adsorption equilibrium of phenols. The results showed that the experimental data fitted very well to the Freundlich and Jovanovic models.","PeriodicalId":408586,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Management and Sustainable Development","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133725916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The projects under CPEC specifically the Energy, Infrastructure and Economic zones development Promises significant implication for people of Pakistan. The aim of the study was top analyze the Impacts of CPEC on Socioeconomic, Public Policy, Environmental and Economic Indicators in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The study used T Test for the primary data collected from respondents of different Public Policy, Economic and Educational Departments in Khyber Pakhtunkwa (KPK). The results of the study support significant impacts of CPEC on Economic, Socioeconomic and Public Policy Indicators in KPK. The results also present some environmental challenges due to the CPEC project. It is concluded that health, education, business competitiveness, economic political stability will improve with the project. The Project is expected to improve the socioeconomic indicators of the underdeveloped Province of KPK. Further the Project will support the KPK Public Policy concerns such women empowerment, allocation of resources, economic stability and increasing productivity to reduce poverty and inequality of wealth.
{"title":"Socioeconomic and Public Policy Impacts of China Pakistan Economic Corridor on Khyber Pakhtunkhwa","authors":"Shehryar Khan, Guijian Liu","doi":"10.5296/EMSD.V8I1.13758","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5296/EMSD.V8I1.13758","url":null,"abstract":"The projects under CPEC specifically the Energy, Infrastructure and Economic zones development Promises significant implication for people of Pakistan. The aim of the study was top analyze the Impacts of CPEC on Socioeconomic, Public Policy, Environmental and Economic Indicators in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The study used T Test for the primary data collected from respondents of different Public Policy, Economic and Educational Departments in Khyber Pakhtunkwa (KPK). The results of the study support significant impacts of CPEC on Economic, Socioeconomic and Public Policy Indicators in KPK. The results also present some environmental challenges due to the CPEC project. It is concluded that health, education, business competitiveness, economic political stability will improve with the project. The Project is expected to improve the socioeconomic indicators of the underdeveloped Province of KPK. Further the Project will support the KPK Public Policy concerns such women empowerment, allocation of resources, economic stability and increasing productivity to reduce poverty and inequality of wealth.","PeriodicalId":408586,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Management and Sustainable Development","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116595888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Urbanization causes changes in social and environmental conditions with most of these changes impacting on the efficient provision of essential services such as water and sanitation. Nakuru Municipality was observed to be the fastest growing urban area in East and Central Africa. Research on patterns and trends of urban and population increase and their implication on water service provision and sanitation in urban Nakuru is very scanty. This paper presents findings from an assessment of the effects of population growth between 1999 and 2017 on urban extent and supply of water and sewage reticulation in Nakuru municipality and surrounding peri-urban areas. Data was collected through remote sensing and administration of questionnaires to urban Nakuru residents and key informants from NAWASSCO respectively to elicit information on the water supply network and sewerage reticulation in Nakuru municipality for the period 1989-2014. Geographic Information System (GIS) was used to analyze the data on time series. The results indicate that the population of Nakuru municipality and surrounding peri-urban areas has increased by 56.8% whereas that of built-up area has increased by 182.5% in the same period through densification of the urban core and expansion to the peri-urban areas characterized by urban sprawl. The water supply network and sewerage reticulation increased by 236km and 89km respectively within Nakuru municipality. The analysis of the maps shows that water supply network and sewerage reticulation are concentrated in the area around the urban core with very little spread. This means that the residents on the outskirts of Nakuru Municipality are not well served by the water supply network and sewerage reticulation. The study recommends involvement of all stakeholders in urban planning and in the water sector in order to increase water supply network and sewerage reticulation coverage both in the urban and peri-urban areas.
{"title":"Effects of Population Growth on Urban Extent and Supply of Water and Sanitation: Case of Nakuru Municipality, Kenya","authors":"Elizabeth W. Muoria, W. Moturi, G. Eshiamwata","doi":"10.5296/EMSD.V8I1.14193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5296/EMSD.V8I1.14193","url":null,"abstract":"Urbanization causes changes in social and environmental conditions with most of these changes impacting on the efficient provision of essential services such as water and sanitation. Nakuru Municipality was observed to be the fastest growing urban area in East and Central Africa. Research on patterns and trends of urban and population increase and their implication on water service provision and sanitation in urban Nakuru is very scanty. This paper presents findings from an assessment of the effects of population growth between 1999 and 2017 on urban extent and supply of water and sewage reticulation in Nakuru municipality and surrounding peri-urban areas. Data was collected through remote sensing and administration of questionnaires to urban Nakuru residents and key informants from NAWASSCO respectively to elicit information on the water supply network and sewerage reticulation in Nakuru municipality for the period 1989-2014. Geographic Information System (GIS) was used to analyze the data on time series. The results indicate that the population of Nakuru municipality and surrounding peri-urban areas has increased by 56.8% whereas that of built-up area has increased by 182.5% in the same period through densification of the urban core and expansion to the peri-urban areas characterized by urban sprawl. The water supply network and sewerage reticulation increased by 236km and 89km respectively within Nakuru municipality. The analysis of the maps shows that water supply network and sewerage reticulation are concentrated in the area around the urban core with very little spread. This means that the residents on the outskirts of Nakuru Municipality are not well served by the water supply network and sewerage reticulation. The study recommends involvement of all stakeholders in urban planning and in the water sector in order to increase water supply network and sewerage reticulation coverage both in the urban and peri-urban areas. ","PeriodicalId":408586,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Management and Sustainable Development","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123530575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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