B. S. Budi, S. ., E. Suhartono, M. -, Sukoyo -, Bintang -, Sakdiyah -
Semarang - Solo Toll Road is part of the Trans Java highway, which has a strategic meaning in the development of road networks, specifically in Central Java and also on a regional scale. The construction project generally consists of excavation work, stockpiles and bridge work. The number of work in the project therefore allows the emergence of a problem that can hinder the development process and one of which was related to concrete casting in the construction of the Kali Putih Bridge 1, where there was a slump decrease in columns P1 and P3 concrete pre-casting (30 Mpa). However, a slump test was carried out on column P1 in STA. 61 + 368,500, and P3 in STA. 61 + 293,500, which resulted in 3.5 cm and 4 cm collapse respectively. Hence, they did not meet specification on B-1 concrete, which was 7.5 ± 2.5 cm. In addition, Superplasticizer was used to overcome this problem, as it was capable of restoring freshness/workability. This study, therefore, aimed to determine the effect of the incorporating superplasticizer and retarder into concrete, on its compressive strength, slump decrease, and time, utilizing 24 test cylindrical specimens (7-days and 14-days), through pressure testing. Furthermore, the slump testing was conducted every 20 minutes for 120 minutes, to determine the reduction time, and the findings further indicated that adding a retarder to class B-1 concrete was capable of increasing the functional period (67 minutes on a slump of 7 ± 2.5 cm). However, the addition of Superplasticizer was also able to repair the slumps, which did not meet the requirements, including the specimen that involved the incorporation of a retarder (82.5 minutes, which resulted in a 1.9 cm slump that was further increased to 17.5 cm after augmentation. Furthermore, these effects were due to its ability to reduce the compressive strength by 3.13% and 6.14% on the 7-days and 14-day specimens, respectively. However, the SPSS v.23.0 test results showed the difference in compressive strength between the normal concrete + retarder and normal concrete + retarder + SP, with a sig value of 0.021
{"title":"The Effects of Admixtures Addition on Slump Decrease and Concrete Compressive Strength at B-1 Concrete Works","authors":"B. S. Budi, S. ., E. Suhartono, M. -, Sukoyo -, Bintang -, Sakdiyah -","doi":"10.5296/emsd.v8i4.15337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5296/emsd.v8i4.15337","url":null,"abstract":"Semarang - Solo Toll Road is part of the Trans Java highway, which has a strategic meaning in the development of road networks, specifically in Central Java and also on a regional scale. The construction project generally consists of excavation work, stockpiles and bridge work. The number of work in the project therefore allows the emergence of a problem that can hinder the development process and one of which was related to concrete casting in the construction of the Kali Putih Bridge 1, where there was a slump decrease in columns P1 and P3 concrete pre-casting (30 Mpa). However, a slump test was carried out on column P1 in STA. 61 + 368,500, and P3 in STA. 61 + 293,500, which resulted in 3.5 cm and 4 cm collapse respectively. Hence, they did not meet specification on B-1 concrete, which was 7.5 ± 2.5 cm. In addition, Superplasticizer was used to overcome this problem, as it was capable of restoring freshness/workability. This study, therefore, aimed to determine the effect of the incorporating superplasticizer and retarder into concrete, on its compressive strength, slump decrease, and time, utilizing 24 test cylindrical specimens (7-days and 14-days), through pressure testing. Furthermore, the slump testing was conducted every 20 minutes for 120 minutes, to determine the reduction time, and the findings further indicated that adding a retarder to class B-1 concrete was capable of increasing the functional period (67 minutes on a slump of 7 ± 2.5 cm). However, the addition of Superplasticizer was also able to repair the slumps, which did not meet the requirements, including the specimen that involved the incorporation of a retarder (82.5 minutes, which resulted in a 1.9 cm slump that was further increased to 17.5 cm after augmentation. Furthermore, these effects were due to its ability to reduce the compressive strength by 3.13% and 6.14% on the 7-days and 14-day specimens, respectively. However, the SPSS v.23.0 test results showed the difference in compressive strength between the normal concrete + retarder and normal concrete + retarder + SP, with a sig value of 0.021","PeriodicalId":408586,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Management and Sustainable Development","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121674402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study explores and assesses mining and its environmental and social impacts on communities within which mining activities take place. The focus is on a mining community in Chingola, Zambia called Nchanga North Township where mining is carried out by a mining group called Vedanta Resources Plc, KCM. The study investigates the real and latent environmental and social impacts and the residents’ perception of impacts of mining activities on their communities in the light of the numerous promises and prospects that mining is said to provide for communities.Nchanga North Township in Chingola was purposively selected as the study area because of its close proximity to KCM’s Nchanga Mine. Several data collection methods were used, including; observations, literature review, 60 semi-structured interviews, water and soil sample analysis for pH. In assessing the perceptions of residents towards the environmental and social impacts of mining activities, systematic random sampling was used to interview a total of 60 households. This was out of a total number of 540 households in Nchanga North Township.It was found that mining operations at Nchanga mine were releasing dust to air mainly during blasting. There was also noise produced mainly by mine equipment and blasting operations. It was also discovered that suspended solids resulting from carry overs of sediments with runoff from pit slopes resulted into water contamination. There was no significant difference between the pH values measured at the eight sample points in Nchanga North Township (mean = 6.20; range= 5.07-8.14) and the expected normal soil pH (mean = 6.25; t = -0.121; p = 0.907) at probability level p = 0.05. This implies that there was no pH raising or decreasing contaminants in the soil. There was no significant difference between the water pH values obtained in the field with the normal water pH (t = 6.636; p = 0.095) at probability level p = 0.05. This implies that there was no pH raising or decreasing contaminants in the Kafue River at the point of sample collection. Nchanga North Township residents believe that mining operations at Nchanga mine are affecting their environment and social life negatively. The lack of an environmental management plan by the mine to combat the adverse effects on the residents meant the residents close to the mine, were highly affected negatively.
{"title":"Residents’ perceptions of the environmental and social impacts of KCM’s mining activities inNchangaNorth Township, Chingola, Zambia","authors":"Caroline Lusonde, K. Mubanga","doi":"10.5296/emsd.v8i4.15591","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5296/emsd.v8i4.15591","url":null,"abstract":"The study explores and assesses mining and its environmental and social impacts on communities within which mining activities take place. The focus is on a mining community in Chingola, Zambia called Nchanga North Township where mining is carried out by a mining group called Vedanta Resources Plc, KCM. The study investigates the real and latent environmental and social impacts and the residents’ perception of impacts of mining activities on their communities in the light of the numerous promises and prospects that mining is said to provide for communities.Nchanga North Township in Chingola was purposively selected as the study area because of its close proximity to KCM’s Nchanga Mine. Several data collection methods were used, including; observations, literature review, 60 semi-structured interviews, water and soil sample analysis for pH. In assessing the perceptions of residents towards the environmental and social impacts of mining activities, systematic random sampling was used to interview a total of 60 households. This was out of a total number of 540 households in Nchanga North Township.It was found that mining operations at Nchanga mine were releasing dust to air mainly during blasting. There was also noise produced mainly by mine equipment and blasting operations. It was also discovered that suspended solids resulting from carry overs of sediments with runoff from pit slopes resulted into water contamination. There was no significant difference between the pH values measured at the eight sample points in Nchanga North Township (mean = 6.20; range= 5.07-8.14) and the expected normal soil pH (mean = 6.25; t = -0.121; p = 0.907) at probability level p = 0.05. This implies that there was no pH raising or decreasing contaminants in the soil. There was no significant difference between the water pH values obtained in the field with the normal water pH (t = 6.636; p = 0.095) at probability level p = 0.05. This implies that there was no pH raising or decreasing contaminants in the Kafue River at the point of sample collection. Nchanga North Township residents believe that mining operations at Nchanga mine are affecting their environment and social life negatively. The lack of an environmental management plan by the mine to combat the adverse effects on the residents meant the residents close to the mine, were highly affected negatively.","PeriodicalId":408586,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Management and Sustainable Development","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114644476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Dien, H. Hoa, N. Hương, L. Thuy, N. Nga, Pham Thuy Nguyen
Undoubtedly, marine tourism of Vietnam has successfully creating a new aspect for potential marine economy. However, the development of marine tourism in Vietnam still faces many difficulties, which pose some basic problems for marine tourism when aiming at sustainable development, in term of economy, society, and environment. This article will analyze the current situation of Vietnam’s marine tourism towards sustainability based on three economic- social- environment pillars. Moreover, the authors will propose some recommendations to develop Vietnam’s marine tourism in a sustainable way in the future.
{"title":"Sustainable Development of Vietnam’s Marine Tourism","authors":"N. Dien, H. Hoa, N. Hương, L. Thuy, N. Nga, Pham Thuy Nguyen","doi":"10.5296/emsd.v8i4.15461","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5296/emsd.v8i4.15461","url":null,"abstract":"Undoubtedly, marine tourism of Vietnam has successfully creating a new aspect for potential marine economy. However, the development of marine tourism in Vietnam still faces many difficulties, which pose some basic problems for marine tourism when aiming at sustainable development, in term of economy, society, and environment. This article will analyze the current situation of Vietnam’s marine tourism towards sustainability based on three economic- social- environment pillars. Moreover, the authors will propose some recommendations to develop Vietnam’s marine tourism in a sustainable way in the future.","PeriodicalId":408586,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Management and Sustainable Development","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130862967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present study attempts to analyze flood disaster phenomenon on local char village and the people’s adaptation strategies against the catastrophe flood in the char. This study predominantly is qualitative. At the same time, quantitative data have also been used for doing research meaningfully. After the field survey, the empirical sociological analysis reveals that the socio-economic impact was worsened. This impact showed that almost 100% of crops land washed, 49% of livestock fully damaged, 70% of people lost their income as well as 35.2% of house fully damaged, 95.2% of households loss of food stock and most of the sanitary facilities affected due to the extreme flood in 2017 at kalur para Char village of Fulchari Upazila (Sub-district). Regarding this matter, local people took some of their strategies to alleviate the intensity of the flood disaster, which helped them to survive. These strategies were categorized into three phases, i.e. before, during and after the flood. At the time of field survey, it was found that people were mainly engaged to raise the house from the ground, stockpile dry and constant food, move their livestock to safer palaces, sow rapid growing paddy, take shelter in high places, purify drinking water by boiling before and during the flood. After the flood, some measures taken by people were also identified, i.e. regarding financial solvency people took a loan from various organizations, grow short time crops, explore new work opportunities etc. As a result, the severity of the flood is somewhat reducing, and the affected people are also getting pluck to survive against the flood.
本研究试图分析当地炭村的洪涝灾害现象，以及炭村居民对灾变洪水的适应策略。这项研究主要是定性的。同时，定量数据也被用于有意义的研究。经过实地调查，实证社会学分析表明，社会经济影响加剧。这一影响表明，由于2017年Fulchari Upazila(街道)kalur para Char村的极端洪水，几乎100%的农田被冲走，49%的牲畜完全受损，70%的人失去收入，35.2%的房屋完全受损，95.2%的家庭失去粮食储备，大部分卫生设施受到影响。对于这件事，当地人采取了一些他们的策略来减轻洪水灾害的强度，这有助于他们生存。这些策略分为三个阶段，即洪水之前、期间和之后。在野外调查时发现，人们主要从事从地面升起房屋，储存干燥和恒定的食物，将牲畜转移到更安全的宫殿，播种快速生长的水稻，在高处避难，在洪水之前和期间通过煮沸来净化饮用水。洪水过后，人们所采取的一些措施也被确定，即为了财务偿付能力，人们向各种组织贷款，种植短期作物，寻找新的工作机会等。因此，洪水的严重程度有所减轻，受灾人民也在鼓起勇气抗洪求生。
{"title":"Responses to Flood Disaster: Use of Indigenous Knowledge and Adaptation Strategies in Char Village, Bangladesh","authors":"Babul Hossain, Chen Ajiang, C. Ryakitimbo","doi":"10.5296/emsd.v8i4.15233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5296/emsd.v8i4.15233","url":null,"abstract":"The present study attempts to analyze flood disaster phenomenon on local char village and the people’s adaptation strategies against the catastrophe flood in the char. This study predominantly is qualitative. At the same time, quantitative data have also been used for doing research meaningfully. After the field survey, the empirical sociological analysis reveals that the socio-economic impact was worsened. This impact showed that almost 100% of crops land washed, 49% of livestock fully damaged, 70% of people lost their income as well as 35.2% of house fully damaged, 95.2% of households loss of food stock and most of the sanitary facilities affected due to the extreme flood in 2017 at kalur para Char village of Fulchari Upazila (Sub-district). Regarding this matter, local people took some of their strategies to alleviate the intensity of the flood disaster, which helped them to survive. These strategies were categorized into three phases, i.e. before, during and after the flood. At the time of field survey, it was found that people were mainly engaged to raise the house from the ground, stockpile dry and constant food, move their livestock to safer palaces, sow rapid growing paddy, take shelter in high places, purify drinking water by boiling before and during the flood. After the flood, some measures taken by people were also identified, i.e. regarding financial solvency people took a loan from various organizations, grow short time crops, explore new work opportunities etc. As a result, the severity of the flood is somewhat reducing, and the affected people are also getting pluck to survive against the flood.","PeriodicalId":408586,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Management and Sustainable Development","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115362659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, the researchers examine the relationships between contaminants found in rain and dew water and the greenhouse gases emitted in Port Harcourt. The quasi experimental research design was used to carry out the study. Primary data of rain and dew water, and GHGs amounts were collected directly by the researcher at designated sampling points in Port Harcourt metropolis for a period of one year. The Pearson’s product moment correlation coefficient was used for data analysis in the environment of the IBM/statistical package for the social sciences (IBM/SPSS). Results obtained showed that GHGs amounts across the various land uses were higher than World Health Organisation (WHO) standards for all the gases examined. Alsot the land uses that ought to generate the GHGs, such as the residential and urban land-uses had lower emission rates than thick vegetation and fresh water land uses. The correlation coefficients between the gases and the atmospheric precipitates show that, there are positive relationship between gas emission and contaminates in rain and dew water at P<0.05. Also, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), had inverse relationships in some instances, revealing the influence of other atmospheric controls such as wind speed and direction. Following these findings, the study recommends that, locals abstain from rainfall, boil harvested rainwater before use for domestic purposes, and laws be both enacted and enforced to reduce pollution rates in the metropolis and adjoining areas.
{"title":"Examining the Relationships between Properties of Atmospheric Precipitates (Rain and Dew Water) and Emitted GHGs across the Different Land Use Types in Port Harcourt Metropolis","authors":"A. Obisesan, M. Nwagbara","doi":"10.5296/emsd.v8i4.15425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5296/emsd.v8i4.15425","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the researchers examine the relationships between contaminants found in rain and dew water and the greenhouse gases emitted in Port Harcourt. The quasi experimental research design was used to carry out the study. Primary data of rain and dew water, and GHGs amounts were collected directly by the researcher at designated sampling points in Port Harcourt metropolis for a period of one year. The Pearson’s product moment correlation coefficient was used for data analysis in the environment of the IBM/statistical package for the social sciences (IBM/SPSS). Results obtained showed that GHGs amounts across the various land uses were higher than World Health Organisation (WHO) standards for all the gases examined. Alsot the land uses that ought to generate the GHGs, such as the residential and urban land-uses had lower emission rates than thick vegetation and fresh water land uses. The correlation coefficients between the gases and the atmospheric precipitates show that, there are positive relationship between gas emission and contaminates in rain and dew water at P<0.05. Also, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), had inverse relationships in some instances, revealing the influence of other atmospheric controls such as wind speed and direction. Following these findings, the study recommends that, locals abstain from rainfall, boil harvested rainwater before use for domestic purposes, and laws be both enacted and enforced to reduce pollution rates in the metropolis and adjoining areas.","PeriodicalId":408586,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Management and Sustainable Development","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114053782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. Alawode, K. Ogedengbe, A. Afolayan, Oludamilare Bode Adewuyi
This paper discusses wastewater and proven techniques for wastewater remediation and reuses from the sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) perspective. Water scarcity and polluted water sources contribute to the death of a large population of people daily; most of whom are living in SSA. The vast availability of non-recycled wastewater and poor waste management infrastructures in SSA is the major contributing factor to environmental degradation and water pollution. In this paper, the challenges confronting wastewater treatment and reuse towards improving water resource management in SSA are discussed. One major issue identified in this work is the socio-cultural perception of people in SSA to the emerging trend of wastewater reuse for water resource conservation and management. One recognized approach by which wastewater reuse can be encouraged in SSA is by validating the quality of the reclaimed water through public sensitization. Another method is by introducing incentives that will motivate public acceptability of recycled water from wastewater treatment.
{"title":"Prospects of Wastewater Reclamation and Reuse for Water Scarcity Mitigation and Environmental Pollution Control in Sub-Saharan Africa","authors":"O. Alawode, K. Ogedengbe, A. Afolayan, Oludamilare Bode Adewuyi","doi":"10.5296/emsd.v8i4.15388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5296/emsd.v8i4.15388","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses wastewater and proven techniques for wastewater remediation and reuses from the sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) perspective. Water scarcity and polluted water sources contribute to the death of a large population of people daily; most of whom are living in SSA. The vast availability of non-recycled wastewater and poor waste management infrastructures in SSA is the major contributing factor to environmental degradation and water pollution. In this paper, the challenges confronting wastewater treatment and reuse towards improving water resource management in SSA are discussed. One major issue identified in this work is the socio-cultural perception of people in SSA to the emerging trend of wastewater reuse for water resource conservation and management. One recognized approach by which wastewater reuse can be encouraged in SSA is by validating the quality of the reclaimed water through public sensitization. Another method is by introducing incentives that will motivate public acceptability of recycled water from wastewater treatment.","PeriodicalId":408586,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Management and Sustainable Development","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126329327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The use of mineral fertilizer in horticultural crops is a very important issue due to its effects on crop yield and its environmental impact. For the period 2011-2012, the total mineral fertilizer consumption in EU-27 reached 10.4 million tons of nitrogen (N), 1.0 million tons of phosphorus (K) and 2.2 million tons of potassium (K). Though many recent studies have examined horticultural crops, few have focused on mineral fertilizers in order to make an environmental assessment of a tomato crop. Therefore, the aim of this research was to study the agronomical (i.e. yield) and the environmental performance of a horticultural tomato crop fertilized with four different doses of mineral fertilizer (N0, N1, N2 and N3), using Life Cycle Assessment methodology. Data and conditions for the crop were taken from a real field trial with an experimental design carried out in North-east Catalonia, Spain. Following the guidelines of the ISO 14044, the study considered all stages of the life cycle of a horticultural tomato crop (i.e. mineral fertilizer production, transport and cultivation phase). Six impact categories were included in the study: climate change, photochemical oxidation formation, land acidification, freshwater and marine eutrophication and fossil depletion. Overall, the results showed that the best result was for the N1 treatment, with a yield of 61 ton ha-1 and 55 ton ha-1 for total and commercial yield, respectively. N1 showed the best environmental performance in all categories assessed.
由于矿质肥料对作物产量和环境的影响，在园艺作物中使用矿质肥料是一个非常重要的问题。2011年至2012年期间，欧盟27国的矿物肥料总消费量达到1040万吨氮(N)， 100万吨磷(K)和220万吨钾(K)。尽管最近有许多研究对园艺作物进行了调查，但很少有研究关注矿物肥料，以便对番茄作物进行环境评估。因此，本研究的目的是利用生命周期评估方法，研究施用4种不同剂量(N0、N1、N2和N3)的园艺番茄作物的农艺(即产量)和环境性能。该作物的数据和条件取自西班牙加泰罗尼亚东北部进行的一项实验设计的实际大田试验。根据ISO 14044的指导方针，该研究考虑了园艺番茄作物生命周期的所有阶段(即矿物肥料生产、运输和栽培阶段)。该研究包括六个影响类别:气候变化、光化学氧化形成、陆地酸化、淡水和海洋富营养化以及化石枯竭。结果表明，以N1处理效果最好，总产量61 t hm -1，商品产量55 t hm -1。N1在所有评估类别中表现出最好的环境性能。
{"title":"Resources Sustainability. N Application in Crops to Determine the Best Environmental Performance Using Life Cycle Assessment Methodology","authors":"R. Quirós, P. Muñoz","doi":"10.5296/EMSD.V8I3.15277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5296/EMSD.V8I3.15277","url":null,"abstract":"The use of mineral fertilizer in horticultural crops is a very important issue due to its effects on crop yield and its environmental impact. For the period 2011-2012, the total mineral fertilizer consumption in EU-27 reached 10.4 million tons of nitrogen (N), 1.0 million tons of phosphorus (K) and 2.2 million tons of potassium (K). Though many recent studies have examined horticultural crops, few have focused on mineral fertilizers in order to make an environmental assessment of a tomato crop. Therefore, the aim of this research was to study the agronomical (i.e. yield) and the environmental performance of a horticultural tomato crop fertilized with four different doses of mineral fertilizer (N0, N1, N2 and N3), using Life Cycle Assessment methodology. Data and conditions for the crop were taken from a real field trial with an experimental design carried out in North-east Catalonia, Spain. Following the guidelines of the ISO 14044, the study considered all stages of the life cycle of a horticultural tomato crop (i.e. mineral fertilizer production, transport and cultivation phase). Six impact categories were included in the study: climate change, photochemical oxidation formation, land acidification, freshwater and marine eutrophication and fossil depletion. Overall, the results showed that the best result was for the N1 treatment, with a yield of 61 ton ha-1 and 55 ton ha-1 for total and commercial yield, respectively. N1 showed the best environmental performance in all categories assessed.","PeriodicalId":408586,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Management and Sustainable Development","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127766381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) were assessed in shellfishes (whelk, oyster and periwinkle) from Kula, Rivers State, Nigeria. The PAHs determination was done using gas chromatography (GC) coupled with flame ionization detector (FID) (Hewlett Packard, Wilmington, DE, USA), powered with HP chemstation Rev. A09:01 (10206) software. Human health risk assessment models based on United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) was used to characterize risks of PAHs exposure to non cancer (Hazard Index) while and excess cancer risk (ECR). From the results, Benzo [a] Anthrancene (BaA) had highest concentrations in whelk (0.689±0.003) and Periwinkle (0.930±0.001) while Naphthalene had highest concentration in oyster (2.000±0.000). The Total concentration of PAHs in µ g/kg for whelk, oyster and periwinkle were 1.797±0.013, 3.977 ±0.024 and 1.564±0.017 while the estimated daily intake (EDI) of PAHs (mg/kg/day) via consumption of shell fish ranged from 2.00x10-4 to 6.40x10-2, 7.0x10-4 to 1.86 x10-1 and 0 to 8.64x10-2 far above oral reference dose (RFD) respectively. The toxic equivalents (TEQs) values were 1.276x10-4, 1.252x10-4 and 4.034x10-4 for whelk, oyster and periwinkle respectively, were significantly (p<0.05) higher than the screening value (SV) for shellfish 1.81x10-5mg/kg. The estimated excess cancer risk (ECR) obtained for whelk was (3.0x10-4), oyster (2.00x10-4) and periwinkle (3.24x10-4). These values were far above the USEPA acceptable (1x10-4). From this study, it can be deduced that bioaccumulation of PAHs in the shellfish is a potential health hazard to consumers. Carcinogenic indices indicated that daily Intake of contaminated shellfishes exposures the local populace to cancer risks.
{"title":"Assessment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Commonly Consumed Shellfish from Kula, Rivers State, Nigeria","authors":"A. Dokubo, F. Igwe","doi":"10.5296/EMSD.V8I3.13511","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5296/EMSD.V8I3.13511","url":null,"abstract":"Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) were assessed in shellfishes (whelk, oyster and periwinkle) from Kula, Rivers State, Nigeria. The PAHs determination was done using gas chromatography (GC) coupled with flame ionization detector (FID) (Hewlett Packard, Wilmington, DE, USA), powered with HP chemstation Rev. A09:01 (10206) software. Human health risk assessment models based on United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) was used to characterize risks of PAHs exposure to non cancer (Hazard Index) while and excess cancer risk (ECR). From the results, Benzo [a] Anthrancene (BaA) had highest concentrations in whelk (0.689±0.003) and Periwinkle (0.930±0.001) while Naphthalene had highest concentration in oyster (2.000±0.000). The Total concentration of PAHs in µ g/kg for whelk, oyster and periwinkle were 1.797±0.013, 3.977 ±0.024 and 1.564±0.017 while the estimated daily intake (EDI) of PAHs (mg/kg/day) via consumption of shell fish ranged from 2.00x10-4 to 6.40x10-2, 7.0x10-4 to 1.86 x10-1 and 0 to 8.64x10-2 far above oral reference dose (RFD) respectively. The toxic equivalents (TEQs) values were 1.276x10-4, 1.252x10-4 and 4.034x10-4 for whelk, oyster and periwinkle respectively, were significantly (p<0.05) higher than the screening value (SV) for shellfish 1.81x10-5mg/kg. The estimated excess cancer risk (ECR) obtained for whelk was (3.0x10-4), oyster (2.00x10-4) and periwinkle (3.24x10-4). These values were far above the USEPA acceptable (1x10-4). From this study, it can be deduced that bioaccumulation of PAHs in the shellfish is a potential health hazard to consumers. Carcinogenic indices indicated that daily Intake of contaminated shellfishes exposures the local populace to cancer risks.","PeriodicalId":408586,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Management and Sustainable Development","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114924837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Weldi Gnowe Djonga, Eric Noubissie, I. Samomssa, G. B. Noumi
The treatment of slaughterhouse effluents is a problem for our municipalities and residents. The objective of this work is to contribute to the protection of the environment through a test treatment of the effluent from the slaughterhouse of cows by adsorption on adsorbents made from sawdust. To achieve this, two adsorbents were produced based on sawdust of Ayous (Triplochiton scleroxilon) and Iroko (Milicia excelsa), and were characterized. The effluent was sampled in a Ngaoundéré slaughterhouse and then characterized in its turn. Finally, discolouration tests by adsorption of this effluent were carried out. At the end of this work, it appears that both adsorbents produced had an acidic character. They are micro and macroporous with specific surface areas from 14.77 m2/g to 69.56 m2/g for Iroko and Ayous, respectively. The effluent from the slaughterhouse of cows sampled in the city of Ngaoundéré is highly conductive and turbid with an organic matter evaluated at 4.15 ± 0.18%. The adsorbent based on sawdust of Ayous is more effective, globally allowed the reduction of more than 70% of all the organic and inorganic loads of the slaughterhouse effluent after treatment. A discolouration rate estimated at more than 90% obtained at the scale of the laboratory, these adsorbents are effective for the treatment of the slaughterhouse effluents. These two adsorbents can therefore be used for the treatment of slaughterhouse effluent in any country in the world.
{"title":"Discolouration Studies of the Slaughterhouse Effluent by Adsorption on Two Adsorbents Made from Species Sawdust of Triplochiton scleroxilon and Milicia excelsa","authors":"Weldi Gnowe Djonga, Eric Noubissie, I. Samomssa, G. B. Noumi","doi":"10.5296/EMSD.V8I3.15000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5296/EMSD.V8I3.15000","url":null,"abstract":"The treatment of slaughterhouse effluents is a problem for our municipalities and residents. The objective of this work is to contribute to the protection of the environment through a test treatment of the effluent from the slaughterhouse of cows by adsorption on adsorbents made from sawdust. To achieve this, two adsorbents were produced based on sawdust of Ayous (Triplochiton scleroxilon) and Iroko (Milicia excelsa), and were characterized. The effluent was sampled in a Ngaoundéré slaughterhouse and then characterized in its turn. Finally, discolouration tests by adsorption of this effluent were carried out. At the end of this work, it appears that both adsorbents produced had an acidic character. They are micro and macroporous with specific surface areas from 14.77 m2/g to 69.56 m2/g for Iroko and Ayous, respectively. The effluent from the slaughterhouse of cows sampled in the city of Ngaoundéré is highly conductive and turbid with an organic matter evaluated at 4.15 ± 0.18%. The adsorbent based on sawdust of Ayous is more effective, globally allowed the reduction of more than 70% of all the organic and inorganic loads of the slaughterhouse effluent after treatment. A discolouration rate estimated at more than 90% obtained at the scale of the laboratory, these adsorbents are effective for the treatment of the slaughterhouse effluents. These two adsorbents can therefore be used for the treatment of slaughterhouse effluent in any country in the world.","PeriodicalId":408586,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Management and Sustainable Development","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127763495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Modern renewable energy is an important tool to achieve socio-economic transformation, particularly in rural areas of developing countries like Ethiopia. However, most people do not access modern energy and thus providing it is one of the daunting tasks that the government has faced. Knowing energy choice of households is one of the important factors to bring energy transition. However, limited studies are undertaken in the Country on this area. Thus, this paper tried to address the gap by investigating factors affecting households lighting energy choice by taking sample of 442 households in Mida Oromo and Wonisho Districts of Ethiopia. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were employed for analyzing the data. The result shows that households consume a range of traditional, transitional and modern lighting energy sources available in their areas. Wealthy households prefer lighting energy sources that are clean and relatively expensive including, grid electricity and solar energy unlike households in lower income category who opt to cheap and easily available energy sources. The study further highlighted that income is not the only factor affecting household energy transitions. Family size, access to market and road infrastructure, asset of the household and the district of the households, mobile and radio ownership and education attainment of the head or family members are found to be an important determinants affecting energy transition of rural households. The study concluded that any program that aim to provide modern lighting energy sources need to consider all these diverse factors and local contexts.
{"title":"Determinants of Lighting Energy Transitions in Rural Ethiopia: Lessons from Mida Oromo and Wonisho Districts of Ethiopia","authors":"Kindeye Fenta Mekonnen, Yohannes Abera","doi":"10.5296/EMSD.V8I3.15151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5296/EMSD.V8I3.15151","url":null,"abstract":"Modern renewable energy is an important tool to achieve socio-economic transformation, particularly in rural areas of developing countries like Ethiopia. However, most people do not access modern energy and thus providing it is one of the daunting tasks that the government has faced. Knowing energy choice of households is one of the important factors to bring energy transition. However, limited studies are undertaken in the Country on this area. Thus, this paper tried to address the gap by investigating factors affecting households lighting energy choice by taking sample of 442 households in Mida Oromo and Wonisho Districts of Ethiopia. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were employed for analyzing the data. The result shows that households consume a range of traditional, transitional and modern lighting energy sources available in their areas. Wealthy households prefer lighting energy sources that are clean and relatively expensive including, grid electricity and solar energy unlike households in lower income category who opt to cheap and easily available energy sources. The study further highlighted that income is not the only factor affecting household energy transitions. Family size, access to market and road infrastructure, asset of the household and the district of the households, mobile and radio ownership and education attainment of the head or family members are found to be an important determinants affecting energy transition of rural households. The study concluded that any program that aim to provide modern lighting energy sources need to consider all these diverse factors and local contexts.","PeriodicalId":408586,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Management and Sustainable Development","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130420326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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