Yoga philosophy includes ethical codes of conduct, guidelines, meditation and other practices that respect the Earth, its natural resources, humans and other living beings. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of yoga practice on practitioners' environmental behaviours and sustainability. A total of 195 adults (66 men and 129 women) from two cities in Greece participated in this study. The participants completed the General Environmental Responsible Behaviour scale (Zafeiroudi & Hatzigeorgiadis, 2013) and provided additional information about their personal lifestyles, leisure activity preferences and frequency of participation in outdoor activities. Independent sample T-test analysis was used to investigate differences between practitioners' demographics and the General Environmental Responsible Behaviour scale as the dependent variable. The results indicated statistically significant differences in environmental behaviour scores among practitioners in different yoga demographics. On the basis of yoga philosophy, the study findings suggested that participation in yoga practices strengthens beliefs, behaviours and awareness regarding the environment. The individual values taught by the philosophy of yoga also foster friendlier attitudes and behaviours towards the environment. Moreover, the findings indicated that yoga practice might be an effective supplement and tool to promote green sustainable programs currently run by environmental and social organizations.
{"title":"The Effects of Yoga Practice on Practitioners' Environmental Behaviours & Sustainability","authors":"Aglaia Zafeiroudi, Mathildi Pipinia, Georgia Yfantidou, Sotiriοs Georgomanos","doi":"10.5296/emsd.v10i3.18894","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5296/emsd.v10i3.18894","url":null,"abstract":"Yoga philosophy includes ethical codes of conduct, guidelines, meditation and other practices that respect the Earth, its natural resources, humans and other living beings. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of yoga practice on practitioners' environmental behaviours and sustainability. A total of 195 adults (66 men and 129 women) from two cities in Greece participated in this study. The participants completed the General Environmental Responsible Behaviour scale (Zafeiroudi & Hatzigeorgiadis, 2013) and provided additional information about their personal lifestyles, leisure activity preferences and frequency of participation in outdoor activities. Independent sample T-test analysis was used to investigate differences between practitioners' demographics and the General Environmental Responsible Behaviour scale as the dependent variable. The results indicated statistically significant differences in environmental behaviour scores among practitioners in different yoga demographics. On the basis of yoga philosophy, the study findings suggested that participation in yoga practices strengthens beliefs, behaviours and awareness regarding the environment. The individual values taught by the philosophy of yoga also foster friendlier attitudes and behaviours towards the environment. Moreover, the findings indicated that yoga practice might be an effective supplement and tool to promote green sustainable programs currently run by environmental and social organizations.","PeriodicalId":408586,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Management and Sustainable Development","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114422245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-22DOI: 10.5296/EMSD.V10I3.18537
Toyosi K. Oye, N. Gupta, Keng Goh, A. Kerrouche, Tosin T. Oye
One of the major issues facing the world in the 21st century is climate change. However, sustainability has become a crucial concept to combat extreme consumption of environmental resources. The bathroom has been estimated to be the principal user of environmental resources in United Kingdom households. Therefore, the challenge that how a combined water and energy saving unit in the bathroom will contribute to the sustainability of the houses will remain unresolved. This study challenges and extends existing knowledge on sustainability related to the smart bathroom systems considering social, environmental, and economic principles to achieve a highly efficient water and energy consumption in the bathroom. This study gathers that a range of technological challenges are based on the individual components and technologies in the bathroom and concludes that a holistic approach is required for an effective modelling in the bathroom. This allows the examination of energy and water flows in the complex systems, shaped by various social, economic and environmental forces. The method this study presented adopts conceptual and holistic modelling to design and implement a bathroom unit that is sustainable and smart. This study uncovers the contribution of renewable energy source and smart control technologies in the bathroom and the significant contribution it makes in levels of energy consumption and carbon emissions. These sustainable features are subsequently used to develop framework for sustainable for implementing and evaluation of sustainable bathroom system. This study has established a strong quantitative and qualitative links between three dimensions of sustainability.
{"title":"Development of a Sustainable Theoretical Framework for a Renewable Based Bathroom Unit","authors":"Toyosi K. Oye, N. Gupta, Keng Goh, A. Kerrouche, Tosin T. Oye","doi":"10.5296/EMSD.V10I3.18537","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5296/EMSD.V10I3.18537","url":null,"abstract":"One of the major issues facing the world in the 21st century is climate change. However, sustainability has become a crucial concept to combat extreme consumption of environmental resources. The bathroom has been estimated to be the principal user of environmental resources in United Kingdom households. Therefore, the challenge that how a combined water and energy saving unit in the bathroom will contribute to the sustainability of the houses will remain unresolved. This study challenges and extends existing knowledge on sustainability related to the smart bathroom systems considering social, environmental, and economic principles to achieve a highly efficient water and energy consumption in the bathroom. This study gathers that a range of technological challenges are based on the individual components and technologies in the bathroom and concludes that a holistic approach is required for an effective modelling in the bathroom. This allows the examination of energy and water flows in the complex systems, shaped by various social, economic and environmental forces. The method this study presented adopts conceptual and holistic modelling to design and implement a bathroom unit that is sustainable and smart. This study uncovers the contribution of renewable energy source and smart control technologies in the bathroom and the significant contribution it makes in levels of energy consumption and carbon emissions. These sustainable features are subsequently used to develop framework for sustainable for implementing and evaluation of sustainable bathroom system. This study has established a strong quantitative and qualitative links between three dimensions of sustainability.","PeriodicalId":408586,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Management and Sustainable Development","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116021615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-22DOI: 10.5296/EMSD.V10I3.18519
Toyosi K. Oye, N. Gupta, Keng Goh, A. Kerrouche, Tosin T. Oye
One of the major issues facing the world in the 21st century is climate change. However, sustainability has become a crucial concept to combat extreme consumption of environmental resources. The bathroom has been estimated to be the principal user of environmental resources in United Kingdom households. Therefore, the challenge that how a combined water and energy saving unit in the bathroom will contribute to the sustainability of the houses will remain unresolved. While the use of solar hot water technologies has been fundamental for energy efficiencies, this study reckons that lack of significant energy saving, and efficiency issues are based on the use of individual components and technologies it employed and concludes that a holistic approach is required to combat this issue. The method this study presented adopts conceptual and mathematical concept that is based on holistic modelling to design for a bathroom unit using Polysun program. Parametric analysis was also conducted to know how change in variable parameters like location, load and switch-on temperatures will affect the performance of the system designed. This study uncovers the contribution of renewable energy source in the bathroom and the significant contribution it makes in levels of energy consumption and carbon emissions which is attributed to the sustainability of the bathroom system and contribution this in turn makes to tackle the climate change as part of a sustainability-based strategy.
{"title":"Holistic Modelling and Parametric Study of Bathroom Solar Hot Water Heating System","authors":"Toyosi K. Oye, N. Gupta, Keng Goh, A. Kerrouche, Tosin T. Oye","doi":"10.5296/EMSD.V10I3.18519","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5296/EMSD.V10I3.18519","url":null,"abstract":"One of the major issues facing the world in the 21st century is climate change. However, sustainability has become a crucial concept to combat extreme consumption of environmental resources. The bathroom has been estimated to be the principal user of environmental resources in United Kingdom households. Therefore, the challenge that how a combined water and energy saving unit in the bathroom will contribute to the sustainability of the houses will remain unresolved. While the use of solar hot water technologies has been fundamental for energy efficiencies, this study reckons that lack of significant energy saving, and efficiency issues are based on the use of individual components and technologies it employed and concludes that a holistic approach is required to combat this issue. The method this study presented adopts conceptual and mathematical concept that is based on holistic modelling to design for a bathroom unit using Polysun program. Parametric analysis was also conducted to know how change in variable parameters like location, load and switch-on temperatures will affect the performance of the system designed. This study uncovers the contribution of renewable energy source in the bathroom and the significant contribution it makes in levels of energy consumption and carbon emissions which is attributed to the sustainability of the bathroom system and contribution this in turn makes to tackle the climate change as part of a sustainability-based strategy.","PeriodicalId":408586,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Management and Sustainable Development","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114171345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-22DOI: 10.5296/EMSD.V10I3.18461
Tosin T. Oye, N. Gupta, Keng Goh, Toyosi K. Oye
Substandard ventilation in restricted air-conditioning indoor places is allied with upsurge in the respiratory infections’ transmission. There have been several COVID-19 spread occurrences connected with indoor environment, together with a few from pre-symptomatic situations. Ventilation role in averting coronavirus transmission is not precise (i.e., through inhibiting transmission of an infectious dose to susceptible individuals or preventing the spreading of contagious particles to lessen the risk of transmission). SARS-CoV-2 is believed to be mainly spread through significant respiratory droplets, nevertheless, a growing amount of epidemic information associate aerosol role in the epidemics of coronavirus. Aerosols comprise of droplet nuclei and little droplets which stay in the air for longer than significant droplets. Recent studies show that coronavirus particles can stay transmissible on numerous substances, including aerosols within the indoor environments, as well as the contagion period contingent on humidity and temperature. Thus far, COVID-19 transmission via air-conditioning systems is unclear, but it is considered possible.
{"title":"Air-Conditioning and the Transmission of COVID-19 in Indoor Environment","authors":"Tosin T. Oye, N. Gupta, Keng Goh, Toyosi K. Oye","doi":"10.5296/EMSD.V10I3.18461","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5296/EMSD.V10I3.18461","url":null,"abstract":"Substandard ventilation in restricted air-conditioning indoor places is allied with upsurge in the respiratory infections’ transmission. There have been several COVID-19 spread occurrences connected with indoor environment, together with a few from pre-symptomatic situations. Ventilation role in averting coronavirus transmission is not precise (i.e., through inhibiting transmission of an infectious dose to susceptible individuals or preventing the spreading of contagious particles to lessen the risk of transmission). SARS-CoV-2 is believed to be mainly spread through significant respiratory droplets, nevertheless, a growing amount of epidemic information associate aerosol role in the epidemics of coronavirus. Aerosols comprise of droplet nuclei and little droplets which stay in the air for longer than significant droplets. Recent studies show that coronavirus particles can stay transmissible on numerous substances, including aerosols within the indoor environments, as well as the contagion period contingent on humidity and temperature. Thus far, COVID-19 transmission via air-conditioning systems is unclear, but it is considered possible.","PeriodicalId":408586,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Management and Sustainable Development","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128293045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-19DOI: 10.5296/EMSD.V10I2.18448
Oylum Gökkurt Baki, O. N. Ergun
With the increase in environmental negativities according to wastes, priority has been given to sustainable practices and thus the circular economy (CE), that is, the recycling of wastes to the economy, and related zero waste practices have gained priority in Turkey.Turkey produced 32.2 million tonnes of waste overall per year and it means that waste per capita is approximately 1.16 kg per day and also the average recycling rate of all waste in Turkey is 12.3% according to 2018 records of TurkStat. According to these data, 20.24% of the wastes are sent to the municipal garbage disposals, 67.20% is disposed of by the regular storage method and 38% is recycled by composting. Also, according to the 2016 data, wild storage in Turkey continues at 27%.In the present study, the relationships between the yearly population growth, the increase in waste and in disposal facilities, and in the number of waste disposal facilities were examined and some relevant evaluations were made for the coming years. The projections were calculated using the data of Turkey in the coming years, the amount of waste, the amount of recycled waste, and the number of facilities. The recommendations were presented and emphasis was made for the requirements of the application of circular economy in Turkey. As a result, the analysis results obtained showed that the increases in the amount of waste will increase both the amount of waste and the areas where the waste will be disposed of and will create serious problems in the future. A sustainable waste management system and circular economy practices require that recyclable wastes be collected separately at the source, and the recycling process is carried out in a planned structure and if possible, no waste is generated. Collecting wastes separately at the source and public participation and awareness-raising in the zero-waste process is a must for the success of this process.
{"title":"Municipal Solid Waste Management: Circular Economy Evaluation in Turkey","authors":"Oylum Gökkurt Baki, O. N. Ergun","doi":"10.5296/EMSD.V10I2.18448","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5296/EMSD.V10I2.18448","url":null,"abstract":"With the increase in environmental negativities according to wastes, priority has been given to sustainable practices and thus the circular economy (CE), that is, the recycling of wastes to the economy, and related zero waste practices have gained priority in Turkey.Turkey produced 32.2 million tonnes of waste overall per year and it means that waste per capita is approximately 1.16 kg per day and also the average recycling rate of all waste in Turkey is 12.3% according to 2018 records of TurkStat. According to these data, 20.24% of the wastes are sent to the municipal garbage disposals, 67.20% is disposed of by the regular storage method and 38% is recycled by composting. Also, according to the 2016 data, wild storage in Turkey continues at 27%.In the present study, the relationships between the yearly population growth, the increase in waste and in disposal facilities, and in the number of waste disposal facilities were examined and some relevant evaluations were made for the coming years. The projections were calculated using the data of Turkey in the coming years, the amount of waste, the amount of recycled waste, and the number of facilities. The recommendations were presented and emphasis was made for the requirements of the application of circular economy in Turkey. As a result, the analysis results obtained showed that the increases in the amount of waste will increase both the amount of waste and the areas where the waste will be disposed of and will create serious problems in the future. A sustainable waste management system and circular economy practices require that recyclable wastes be collected separately at the source, and the recycling process is carried out in a planned structure and if possible, no waste is generated. Collecting wastes separately at the source and public participation and awareness-raising in the zero-waste process is a must for the success of this process.","PeriodicalId":408586,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Management and Sustainable Development","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124368493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-12DOI: 10.5296/EMSD.V10I2.18415
Pham My Linh, Pham Thai Long, T. Khanh, N. Hương, D. Nang, Nguyen Quang Sang
Vietnam's rural area accounts for 65% of the population, providing over 70% of the labor force for the national economic sectors, of which 51% of the workforce is working in the Environmental Management and Sustainable Development ISSN 2164-7682 2021, Vol. 10, No. 2 http://emsd.macrothink.org 59 agricultural sector. This is a sector that creates many jobs for rural areas, contributing 30% of GDP to the national economy. In the current period and the coming years, Vietnam's rural agriculture still plays an important role in the country's socio-economic development. However, Vietnam's rural areas are facing new difficulties and challenges, the growth of agriculture is slow and unsustainable; Farmers' living standards are low and slowly being improved; The disparity in living standards between urban and rural areas, and between regions and regions is tending to expand, especially in mountainous rural areas with unfavorable natural conditions, with many ethnic minorities living together, the gap between the rich and the poor is increasing. That creates conflicts and instability in society, threatening the sustainable development of the country. This article focuses on analyzing the state management situation on new rural construction in Muong Cha district, Dien Bien province, Vietnam, pointing out the achievements, limitations, causes and some recommendations for improvement. State management on the construction of a new countryside in Muong Cha district, Dien Bien province, Vietnam in the context of world economic integration.
{"title":"State Management in Building a New Rural Area in Vietnam: A Research in Muong Tra District, Dien Bien Province","authors":"Pham My Linh, Pham Thai Long, T. Khanh, N. Hương, D. Nang, Nguyen Quang Sang","doi":"10.5296/EMSD.V10I2.18415","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5296/EMSD.V10I2.18415","url":null,"abstract":"Vietnam's rural area accounts for 65% of the population, providing over 70% of the labor force for the national economic sectors, of which 51% of the workforce is working in the Environmental Management and Sustainable Development ISSN 2164-7682 2021, Vol. 10, No. 2 http://emsd.macrothink.org 59 agricultural sector. This is a sector that creates many jobs for rural areas, contributing 30% of GDP to the national economy. In the current period and the coming years, Vietnam's rural agriculture still plays an important role in the country's socio-economic development. However, Vietnam's rural areas are facing new difficulties and challenges, the growth of agriculture is slow and unsustainable; Farmers' living standards are low and slowly being improved; The disparity in living standards between urban and rural areas, and between regions and regions is tending to expand, especially in mountainous rural areas with unfavorable natural conditions, with many ethnic minorities living together, the gap between the rich and the poor is increasing. That creates conflicts and instability in society, threatening the sustainable development of the country. This article focuses on analyzing the state management situation on new rural construction in Muong Cha district, Dien Bien province, Vietnam, pointing out the achievements, limitations, causes and some recommendations for improvement. State management on the construction of a new countryside in Muong Cha district, Dien Bien province, Vietnam in the context of world economic integration.","PeriodicalId":408586,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Management and Sustainable Development","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122690219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-08DOI: 10.5296/EMSD.V10I2.18504
John Vourdoubas
Water and energy are valuable resources in our contemporary societies. Their demand worldwide is increasing while they are interconnected and interlinked. Aim of the current work is to investigate the nexus between water and energy in the island of Crete, Greece. The use of water in electricity generation and in fuels production is investigated as well as the electricity utilization in water pumping, transportation, processing and distribution. Our results indicated that the annual electricity consumption in Crete is at 4,793 KWh/capita while the annual water consumption is at around 763.9 M 3 /capita to 962.2 M 3 /capita. The main fuels used in electricity generation in Crete are fuel oil and diesel oil that are imported. Among renewable energies solar-PV and wind energy are mainly used for power generation. Generation of solar-PV and wind electricity requires limited water resources while in water-cooled thermal power stations brackish and desalinated water is mainly used. Crete has sufficient water resources which though are unevenly distributed along the island. Groundwater is the main water source used while agriculture is the main sector of water consumption. Electricity is necessary in all stages of water utilization in Crete. The results indicated that the nexus between water and energy in Crete is asymmetrical and uneven. Electricity generation is not significantly depended on freshwater resources while water utilization is depended on electricity. These findings could be useful in designing the optimum management policies regarding the long term sustainability of these valuable resources in Crete.
{"title":"The Water-energy Nexus in the Island of Crete, Greece","authors":"John Vourdoubas","doi":"10.5296/EMSD.V10I2.18504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5296/EMSD.V10I2.18504","url":null,"abstract":"Water and energy are valuable resources in our contemporary societies. Their demand worldwide is increasing while they are interconnected and interlinked. Aim of the current work is to investigate the nexus between water and energy in the island of Crete, Greece. The use of water in electricity generation and in fuels production is investigated as well as the electricity utilization in water pumping, transportation, processing and distribution. Our results indicated that the annual electricity consumption in Crete is at 4,793 KWh/capita while the annual water consumption is at around 763.9 M 3 /capita to 962.2 M 3 /capita. The main fuels used in electricity generation in Crete are fuel oil and diesel oil that are imported. Among renewable energies solar-PV and wind energy are mainly used for power generation. Generation of solar-PV and wind electricity requires limited water resources while in water-cooled thermal power stations brackish and desalinated water is mainly used. Crete has sufficient water resources which though are unevenly distributed along the island. Groundwater is the main water source used while agriculture is the main sector of water consumption. Electricity is necessary in all stages of water utilization in Crete. The results indicated that the nexus between water and energy in Crete is asymmetrical and uneven. Electricity generation is not significantly depended on freshwater resources while water utilization is depended on electricity. These findings could be useful in designing the optimum management policies regarding the long term sustainability of these valuable resources in Crete.","PeriodicalId":408586,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Management and Sustainable Development","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127225145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-25DOI: 10.5296/EMSD.V10I2.18346
Gordon Kofi Sarfo-adu
Public policy formulation in the forestry management space is an essential step in addressing issues of environmental degradation. That notwithstanding, policies will remain mere intents if they are not forged with appropriate structures and institutional underpinnings. This study assesses the institutional and structural mechanisms adopted to foster effective implementation of the Voluntary Partnership Agreement in Ghana. The qualitative case study design was employed to gather data from purposively selected respondents. The study observes that after ratification of the VPA in Ghana, this was forged with subsequent measures to ensure smooth operationalization of same. The structures include a Legality Assurance System (LAS); chain of custody and wood tracking system (GWTS); establishment of a Timber Verification Department to check and verify the legality of all timbers among others. The structures also entail collaborative governance, transparency and accountability measures to ensure operationalization of the VPA requirements. The study observes that where there are multiple, overlapping and independent actors along the value chain, trust and credibility is built such that those in the downstream of the implementation remain very careful and conscientious in their operations and dealings. The study concludes that relevant implementation structures interspersed with actor constellations, and multi-stake holding remain cornerstone of SFM arrangements.
{"title":"Enforcing Sustainable Forest Management Policies: An Assessment of the Institutional Structures for VPA Implementation in Ghana","authors":"Gordon Kofi Sarfo-adu","doi":"10.5296/EMSD.V10I2.18346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5296/EMSD.V10I2.18346","url":null,"abstract":"Public policy formulation in the forestry management space is an essential step in addressing issues of environmental degradation. That notwithstanding, policies will remain mere intents if they are not forged with appropriate structures and institutional underpinnings. This study assesses the institutional and structural mechanisms adopted to foster effective implementation of the Voluntary Partnership Agreement in Ghana. The qualitative case study design was employed to gather data from purposively selected respondents. The study observes that after ratification of the VPA in Ghana, this was forged with subsequent measures to ensure smooth operationalization of same. The structures include a Legality Assurance System (LAS); chain of custody and wood tracking system (GWTS); establishment of a Timber Verification Department to check and verify the legality of all timbers among others. The structures also entail collaborative governance, transparency and accountability measures to ensure operationalization of the VPA requirements. The study observes that where there are multiple, overlapping and independent actors along the value chain, trust and credibility is built such that those in the downstream of the implementation remain very careful and conscientious in their operations and dealings. The study concludes that relevant implementation structures interspersed with actor constellations, and multi-stake holding remain cornerstone of SFM arrangements.","PeriodicalId":408586,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Management and Sustainable Development","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115100397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-25DOI: 10.5296/EMSD.V10I2.18345
Gordon Kofi Sarfo-adu
The quest to foster sustainable forest management (SFM) in the era of sustainable development goals has reignited the debate on forest tenure concerns. Land and forest tenure insecurity has remained a major underlying cause of deforestation in Africa, which suggests that addressing tenure issues could effectively foster sustainable forest management. Adopting theoretical literature and drawing lessons from related empirical works, this study examines the role of land and forest tenure in sustainable forest management drive. Among other things, the study discusses how land tenure promotes or inhibits sustainable forest practices. The study outlines how frustrating tenure regimes deprive the community of the needed benefits and subsequent untoward behaviour unleashed on forests. The study concludes that the idea of tenure rights and tenure security has implications on sustainable forest management and admonishes a robust tenure regime that upholds local 'people's access to and usage of forest resources without sinister machinations and subjugation of local people. The study contends that determined rights and their long-term security remain crucial in attracting the tenure holders to make a strenuous investment in SFM since investments in forestry usually are made for the long term. Among other things, the study recommends for clarity and long-term security of ownership and tenure rights regarding forest products; a need to promote capacity-building for administrators and rights holders to adopt a sustainable mindset in their exploitation of timber products; and a need to foster stakeholder participation.
{"title":"Forest Tenure and Sustainable Forest Management: Drawing Lessons from the Literature","authors":"Gordon Kofi Sarfo-adu","doi":"10.5296/EMSD.V10I2.18345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5296/EMSD.V10I2.18345","url":null,"abstract":"The quest to foster sustainable forest management (SFM) in the era of sustainable development goals has reignited the debate on forest tenure concerns. Land and forest tenure insecurity has remained a major underlying cause of deforestation in Africa, which suggests that addressing tenure issues could effectively foster sustainable forest management. Adopting theoretical literature and drawing lessons from related empirical works, this study examines the role of land and forest tenure in sustainable forest management drive. Among other things, the study discusses how land tenure promotes or inhibits sustainable forest practices. The study outlines how frustrating tenure regimes deprive the community of the needed benefits and subsequent untoward behaviour unleashed on forests. The study concludes that the idea of tenure rights and tenure security has implications on sustainable forest management and admonishes a robust tenure regime that upholds local 'people's access to and usage of forest resources without sinister machinations and subjugation of local people. The study contends that determined rights and their long-term security remain crucial in attracting the tenure holders to make a strenuous investment in SFM since investments in forestry usually are made for the long term. Among other things, the study recommends for clarity and long-term security of ownership and tenure rights regarding forest products; a need to promote capacity-building for administrators and rights holders to adopt a sustainable mindset in their exploitation of timber products; and a need to foster stakeholder participation.","PeriodicalId":408586,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Management and Sustainable Development","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128986064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-25DOI: 10.5296/EMSD.V10I2.18360
Gordon Kofi Sarfo-adu
The European Union Forest Law Enforcement on Governance and Trade (EU-FLEGT) Action Plan seeks to promote widespread sustainable forest management and relies largely on transnational actors and international law in its operationalization. The EU FLEGT sets out EU custom regulation through Voluntary Partnership Agreements (VPAs) which is a bilateral agreement between the EU and wood exporting countries with instruments aimed at promoting sustainable practices within the forest resources value chain. Ghana became a signatory to the FLEGT VPA since 2007, as part of the process, it is required to use technology to track timber logging from source to point of export. Issues of networks and inter-agency collaboration and dealing with human elements remain crucial in ensuring effective operationalization. Adopting a qualitative case study design as well as theories and concepts from the public policy implementation literature, this study examines the implementation vagaries of the FLEGT VPA in Ghana. Although the VPA is a laudable idea of using Information Technology (IT) in effectively tracking timber to its original source to ascertain legality or otherwise of the timber, the needed IT infrastructure and resources have not matched up with the goal. Additionally, the VPA implementation is expensive and has come with additional cost to the implementers, The study further observes that the increasing ‘red flags’ that are raised on the Ghana Wood Tracking System is a blend of technical errors emanating from negligence or capacity challenges and human manipulation. This calls for regular consultations and workshops with relevant stakeholders in order to assess which skills Environmental Management and Sustainable Development ISSN 2164-7682 2021, Vol. 10, No. 2 http://emsd.macrothink.org 32 are deficient and a need to beef up through on-the-job training. The domestic market and trading activities tend to fuel demand for illegal timber hence a constraint to the full realization of the VPA objective. The study makes policy suggestions on how to address these implementation challenges.
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