Pub Date : 2011-03-24DOI: 10.1109/ICCSP.2011.5739384
C. Gopakumar, K. T. Mathew
The paper presents an experimental study on a compact Isosceles Trapezoidal Dielectric Resonator Antenna (ITDRA) excited by microstrip line. It is observed that the DRA exhibits a 2∶1 VSWR bandwidth of ∼11.6 %, a gain of as high as 7.22 dBi and broad radiation patterns with good cross-polar levels that are consistent over the operating band. The antenna covers important application band of ISM: Bluetooth/ WLAN 2.4/Wibree ( 802.11 b/g/n )/ ZigBee. Details of the design along with experimental and simulation results are presented and discussed
{"title":"Compact Isosceles Trapezoidal Dielectric Resonator Antenna for 2.4 GHz WLAN application","authors":"C. Gopakumar, K. T. Mathew","doi":"10.1109/ICCSP.2011.5739384","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCSP.2011.5739384","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents an experimental study on a compact Isosceles Trapezoidal Dielectric Resonator Antenna (ITDRA) excited by microstrip line. It is observed that the DRA exhibits a 2∶1 VSWR bandwidth of ∼11.6 %, a gain of as high as 7.22 dBi and broad radiation patterns with good cross-polar levels that are consistent over the operating band. The antenna covers important application band of ISM: Bluetooth/ WLAN 2.4/Wibree ( 802.11 b/g/n )/ ZigBee. Details of the design along with experimental and simulation results are presented and discussed","PeriodicalId":408736,"journal":{"name":"2011 International Conference on Communications and Signal Processing","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128778623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-03-24DOI: 10.1109/ICCSP.2011.5739399
D. Sen, S. Pal
Histogram equalization, which aims at information maximization, is widely used in different ways to perform contrast enhancement in images. In this paper, an automatic exact histogram specification technique is proposed, and used for global and local contrast enhancement of images. The desired histogram is obtained by first subjecting the image histogram to a modification process and then by maximizing a measure that represents increase in information and decrease in ambiguity. In comparison to a few existing methods, the effectiveness of the proposed automatic exact histogram specification technique in enhancing contrasts of grayscale images is demonstrated through visual assessment of results.
{"title":"Novel automatic exact histogram specification for contrast enhancement in images","authors":"D. Sen, S. Pal","doi":"10.1109/ICCSP.2011.5739399","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCSP.2011.5739399","url":null,"abstract":"Histogram equalization, which aims at information maximization, is widely used in different ways to perform contrast enhancement in images. In this paper, an automatic exact histogram specification technique is proposed, and used for global and local contrast enhancement of images. The desired histogram is obtained by first subjecting the image histogram to a modification process and then by maximizing a measure that represents increase in information and decrease in ambiguity. In comparison to a few existing methods, the effectiveness of the proposed automatic exact histogram specification technique in enhancing contrasts of grayscale images is demonstrated through visual assessment of results.","PeriodicalId":408736,"journal":{"name":"2011 International Conference on Communications and Signal Processing","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117117038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-03-24DOI: 10.1109/ICCSP.2011.5739358
S. Seydnejad, M. Akhzari
Two conventional methods for suppression of co-channel interferences (CCI) in OFDM systems are pre-FFT and post-FFT beamforming schemes. Performance of each of these schemes depends on the parameters of the system and conditions of the environment; one scheme could produce much better result than another in a different condition. This makes choosing the appropriate scheme difficult in advance. In this article, a pilot-based space-time beamforming scheme is presented which shows better results than each individual scheme in every condition while its computational complexity is still much less than its post-FFT counterpart.
{"title":"CCI suppression and channel equalization in pilot-assisted OFDM systems by space-time beamforming","authors":"S. Seydnejad, M. Akhzari","doi":"10.1109/ICCSP.2011.5739358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCSP.2011.5739358","url":null,"abstract":"Two conventional methods for suppression of co-channel interferences (CCI) in OFDM systems are pre-FFT and post-FFT beamforming schemes. Performance of each of these schemes depends on the parameters of the system and conditions of the environment; one scheme could produce much better result than another in a different condition. This makes choosing the appropriate scheme difficult in advance. In this article, a pilot-based space-time beamforming scheme is presented which shows better results than each individual scheme in every condition while its computational complexity is still much less than its post-FFT counterpart.","PeriodicalId":408736,"journal":{"name":"2011 International Conference on Communications and Signal Processing","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123052210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-03-24DOI: 10.1109/ICCSP.2011.5739344
V. Bien, R. V. Prasad, Ignas Niemieeger, Thi Viet Huong Nguyen
With its vast unlicensed spectrum of 5 GHz and data speed of up to 2.5 GHz, 60 GHz is envisaged for short range communication in indoor environments. It is driven by the demand for broadband wireless applications such as IPTV, high definition television (HDTV), even uncompressed video. However, in such networks, handoffs are performed frequently due to the small cell (due to smaller range) and the time available for completing a handoff process is short. In order to make a successful handoff, predicting the next location of the mobile user is an important step. It can also enable the system to adapt resources and improve the Quality of Service. In indoor environment, people tend to repeat their movements and also have their selected places, such as offices, libraries, etc., and thus have daily movement patterns. Thus, the system can find their habits from the past. To exploit such patterns, this paper proposes a method using Hidden Markov Model as a learning technique to predict next location of the user. For particular data sets, our experimental results show that the prediction accuracy is up to 81.4% for regular employees and 54.6% for a guest.
{"title":"An approach for movement prediction in Radio over Fiber indoor network at 60 GHz","authors":"V. Bien, R. V. Prasad, Ignas Niemieeger, Thi Viet Huong Nguyen","doi":"10.1109/ICCSP.2011.5739344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCSP.2011.5739344","url":null,"abstract":"With its vast unlicensed spectrum of 5 GHz and data speed of up to 2.5 GHz, 60 GHz is envisaged for short range communication in indoor environments. It is driven by the demand for broadband wireless applications such as IPTV, high definition television (HDTV), even uncompressed video. However, in such networks, handoffs are performed frequently due to the small cell (due to smaller range) and the time available for completing a handoff process is short. In order to make a successful handoff, predicting the next location of the mobile user is an important step. It can also enable the system to adapt resources and improve the Quality of Service. In indoor environment, people tend to repeat their movements and also have their selected places, such as offices, libraries, etc., and thus have daily movement patterns. Thus, the system can find their habits from the past. To exploit such patterns, this paper proposes a method using Hidden Markov Model as a learning technique to predict next location of the user. For particular data sets, our experimental results show that the prediction accuracy is up to 81.4% for regular employees and 54.6% for a guest.","PeriodicalId":408736,"journal":{"name":"2011 International Conference on Communications and Signal Processing","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127747282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-03-24DOI: 10.1109/ICCSP.2011.5739375
S. Ugale, V. Mishra
This paper presents the optimization of length of an optical fiber grating for maximum reflectivity and minimum side lobe strength. The performance of fiber Bragg grating mainly depends on grating length and change in refractive index. Change in refractive index plays a crucial role in side lobe strength; it increases with increase in change in refractive index. It is mainly due to abrupt change in refractive index at the two edges of the grating. The wavelength chosen for analysis is from the third window to minimize the attenuation. The reflection spectra with different lengths and change in refractive index were analyzed. The simulations are based on solving coupled mode equations by transfer matrix method and the optimized parameters are obtained.
{"title":"Optimization of fiber Bragg grating length for maximum reflectivity","authors":"S. Ugale, V. Mishra","doi":"10.1109/ICCSP.2011.5739375","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCSP.2011.5739375","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the optimization of length of an optical fiber grating for maximum reflectivity and minimum side lobe strength. The performance of fiber Bragg grating mainly depends on grating length and change in refractive index. Change in refractive index plays a crucial role in side lobe strength; it increases with increase in change in refractive index. It is mainly due to abrupt change in refractive index at the two edges of the grating. The wavelength chosen for analysis is from the third window to minimize the attenuation. The reflection spectra with different lengths and change in refractive index were analyzed. The simulations are based on solving coupled mode equations by transfer matrix method and the optimized parameters are obtained.","PeriodicalId":408736,"journal":{"name":"2011 International Conference on Communications and Signal Processing","volume":"361 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116322303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-03-24DOI: 10.1109/ICCSP.2011.5739369
Ashwani Kumar, A. Verma
In this paper an equivalent T and PI circuit modeling method for a defected ground structure is proposed. Comparison between EM simulation on the DGS unit and circuit simulation on its equivalent circuit T and PI are demonstrated. This demonstration shows the validity of the proposed T and PI equivalent circuit models with the unit DGS under 50Ω microstrip line.
{"title":"Extraction of T and PI circuit models of microstrip line with defected ground structure","authors":"Ashwani Kumar, A. Verma","doi":"10.1109/ICCSP.2011.5739369","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCSP.2011.5739369","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper an equivalent T and PI circuit modeling method for a defected ground structure is proposed. Comparison between EM simulation on the DGS unit and circuit simulation on its equivalent circuit T and PI are demonstrated. This demonstration shows the validity of the proposed T and PI equivalent circuit models with the unit DGS under 50Ω microstrip line.","PeriodicalId":408736,"journal":{"name":"2011 International Conference on Communications and Signal Processing","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116830932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-03-24DOI: 10.1109/ICCSP.2011.5739297
S. Dash, M. Mihir Hota, T. Sahu, S.K. Tripathya
This paper presents an approach for calculating coupling efficiency in a holey fiber holographic coupler system. There are two main contributions of this work. First, the current work is an attempt to analyze the coupling efficiency between two holey fibers for the first time using a holographic coupler. Second, our numerical analysis provides some insight for optimizing the coupling efficiency between two holey fibers by changing the relative hole size, diameter of the core of the fiber. Further our results are found to be in good agreement with results of coupling efficiency due to splicing in literature qualitatively.
{"title":"Analysis of coupling efficiency between two holey fibers using a holographic coupler","authors":"S. Dash, M. Mihir Hota, T. Sahu, S.K. Tripathya","doi":"10.1109/ICCSP.2011.5739297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCSP.2011.5739297","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an approach for calculating coupling efficiency in a holey fiber holographic coupler system. There are two main contributions of this work. First, the current work is an attempt to analyze the coupling efficiency between two holey fibers for the first time using a holographic coupler. Second, our numerical analysis provides some insight for optimizing the coupling efficiency between two holey fibers by changing the relative hole size, diameter of the core of the fiber. Further our results are found to be in good agreement with results of coupling efficiency due to splicing in literature qualitatively.","PeriodicalId":408736,"journal":{"name":"2011 International Conference on Communications and Signal Processing","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125314654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-03-24DOI: 10.1109/ICCSP.2011.5739365
Issei Ikezaki, O. Muta, H. Furukawa
Wireless backhaul systems have been considered as a promising candidate of beyond 3G wireless broadband system for mobile communications. The achievable transmission performance over radio relay channel depends on antenna directivity and radiation patterns of each antenna element. To improve the transmission performance and keep radio relay channel in an acceptable condition, it is effective to control the antenna directivity by employing multi-antenna signal transmission and reception. In this paper, we propose a simple method to extend the existing single antenna relay node based on IEEE802.11a to multi-antenna system, where a cross polarized multi-antenna is applied to the existing relay nodes as external equipment. The multi-antenna system is controlled by detecting the antenna control information assigned to the lengths of the packets transmitted from the existing node. The proposed method does not require special change of the existing system such as hardware design on multi-antenna configuration. We also developed a prototype base/relay node with optional multi-antenna equipment and confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed method by experiment. To clarify the effectiveness of the proposed multi-antenna system in wireless backhaul networks, we evaluate throughput performance by system level simulations. Simulation results ensure that the proposed multi-antenna system with highly efficient packet forwarding protocol, called Intermittent Periodic Transmit (IPT), improves throughput performance of the radio relay transmission in wireless backhaul as compared with conventional omni-directional antenna system.
{"title":"Simplified cross-polarized multi-antenna system for radio relay transmission in wireless backhaul","authors":"Issei Ikezaki, O. Muta, H. Furukawa","doi":"10.1109/ICCSP.2011.5739365","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCSP.2011.5739365","url":null,"abstract":"Wireless backhaul systems have been considered as a promising candidate of beyond 3G wireless broadband system for mobile communications. The achievable transmission performance over radio relay channel depends on antenna directivity and radiation patterns of each antenna element. To improve the transmission performance and keep radio relay channel in an acceptable condition, it is effective to control the antenna directivity by employing multi-antenna signal transmission and reception. In this paper, we propose a simple method to extend the existing single antenna relay node based on IEEE802.11a to multi-antenna system, where a cross polarized multi-antenna is applied to the existing relay nodes as external equipment. The multi-antenna system is controlled by detecting the antenna control information assigned to the lengths of the packets transmitted from the existing node. The proposed method does not require special change of the existing system such as hardware design on multi-antenna configuration. We also developed a prototype base/relay node with optional multi-antenna equipment and confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed method by experiment. To clarify the effectiveness of the proposed multi-antenna system in wireless backhaul networks, we evaluate throughput performance by system level simulations. Simulation results ensure that the proposed multi-antenna system with highly efficient packet forwarding protocol, called Intermittent Periodic Transmit (IPT), improves throughput performance of the radio relay transmission in wireless backhaul as compared with conventional omni-directional antenna system.","PeriodicalId":408736,"journal":{"name":"2011 International Conference on Communications and Signal Processing","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125356946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-03-24DOI: 10.1109/ICCSP.2011.5739301
N. Patel, M. Zaveri
In this paper we present a system which automatically generates a 3D face model from a single frontal image of a face with the help of generic 3D model. Our system consists of three components. The first component detects the features like eyes, mouth, eyebrow and contour of face. After detecting features the second component automatically adapts the generic 3d model into face specific 3D model using geometric transformations. Our system allows the rotation and zooming of 3D model and generation of texture. Animation is produced using 3D shape morphing between the corresponding face models and blending the corresponding textures. Our system has the advantage that it is fully automatic, robust and fast. It can be used in a variety of applications for which the accuracy of depths are not critical such as games, avatars, face recognition etc. We have tested and evaluated our system using database BU-3DFE.
{"title":"3D facial model construction and animation from a single frontal face image","authors":"N. Patel, M. Zaveri","doi":"10.1109/ICCSP.2011.5739301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCSP.2011.5739301","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we present a system which automatically generates a 3D face model from a single frontal image of a face with the help of generic 3D model. Our system consists of three components. The first component detects the features like eyes, mouth, eyebrow and contour of face. After detecting features the second component automatically adapts the generic 3d model into face specific 3D model using geometric transformations. Our system allows the rotation and zooming of 3D model and generation of texture. Animation is produced using 3D shape morphing between the corresponding face models and blending the corresponding textures. Our system has the advantage that it is fully automatic, robust and fast. It can be used in a variety of applications for which the accuracy of depths are not critical such as games, avatars, face recognition etc. We have tested and evaluated our system using database BU-3DFE.","PeriodicalId":408736,"journal":{"name":"2011 International Conference on Communications and Signal Processing","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125913084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-03-24DOI: 10.1109/ICCSP.2011.5739303
M. K. Hati, T. K. Bhattacharyya
This work describes a 9bit 200MSPS 0.18µm CMOS process four-stage parallel pipeline ADC with 2.5 bit per stage. Primary objective of the design has been to make a trade-off between power consumption and resolution while keeping the sampling rate high. The parallel-pipeline architecture was best fit for such requirements. A new sub-ADC scheme has been introduced here to remove possible switch generated charge injection error in order to maintain good overall accuracy. The designed ADC in this paper employs parallel architecture based on double sampling sample hold topology (DSSH) and shares the OTA between the same stages of two channels of the ADC. The ADC achieves 55.5dB SNDR and 41.3dB SFDR with 29.5mW power consumption from 1.8 V supply. The resulting FOM is 0.304 PJ/conversion step. The high speed specification of the system requires the design of low offset comparator.
{"title":"Design of low power parallel pipeline ADC in 180nm standard CMOS process","authors":"M. K. Hati, T. K. Bhattacharyya","doi":"10.1109/ICCSP.2011.5739303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCSP.2011.5739303","url":null,"abstract":"This work describes a 9bit 200MSPS 0.18µm CMOS process four-stage parallel pipeline ADC with 2.5 bit per stage. Primary objective of the design has been to make a trade-off between power consumption and resolution while keeping the sampling rate high. The parallel-pipeline architecture was best fit for such requirements. A new sub-ADC scheme has been introduced here to remove possible switch generated charge injection error in order to maintain good overall accuracy. The designed ADC in this paper employs parallel architecture based on double sampling sample hold topology (DSSH) and shares the OTA between the same stages of two channels of the ADC. The ADC achieves 55.5dB SNDR and 41.3dB SFDR with 29.5mW power consumption from 1.8 V supply. The resulting FOM is 0.304 PJ/conversion step. The high speed specification of the system requires the design of low offset comparator.","PeriodicalId":408736,"journal":{"name":"2011 International Conference on Communications and Signal Processing","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126144689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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