Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/17416124.2023.2188810
H. Yallop
{"title":"Gareth Glover & Paul Morrison, eds, A New System of Cavalry Swordsmanship by Lt-Col Charles Edward Radclyffe 1st (Royal) Dragoons","authors":"H. Yallop","doi":"10.1080/17416124.2023.2188810","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17416124.2023.2188810","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":40914,"journal":{"name":"Arms & Armour","volume":"20 1","pages":"106 - 110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47282966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/17416124.2023.2182077
G. Rimer
{"title":"A Memorial by the Royal Armouries of Her late Majesty, Queen Elizabeth II","authors":"G. Rimer","doi":"10.1080/17416124.2023.2182077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17416124.2023.2182077","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":40914,"journal":{"name":"Arms & Armour","volume":"20 1","pages":"1 - 10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46997210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/17416124.2023.2182065
Stephen Wren
Most scholarship on the arms trade of the late nineteenth century has focused on the big players in the industry; the ‘Merchants of Death’ whose activities are said to have made war inevitable. However this article focusses on a smaller, but no less troubling, aspect of the arms business: the trade in new and surplus military rifles and on one largely forgotten dealer; Auguste Schriever of Liège. Using contemporary reporting and the order records of the mighty ŒWG at Steyr, I will outline some of the deals that made him a significant figure in the arms trade. He was trusted by Ferdinand Mannlicher and was so respected by his rivals that they felt the need to spy on him. He was also accused of selling rifles to pirates in the far east and to an Emperor who used them to resist colonial powers and enslave his own people. My article begins to shine a light on this enigmatic figure and on to the complex and hidden trade in military rifles in this period.
{"title":"A Forgotten ‘Merchant of Death’. Auguste Schriever, the deal-maker of Liège","authors":"Stephen Wren","doi":"10.1080/17416124.2023.2182065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17416124.2023.2182065","url":null,"abstract":"Most scholarship on the arms trade of the late nineteenth century has focused on the big players in the industry; the ‘Merchants of Death’ whose activities are said to have made war inevitable. However this article focusses on a smaller, but no less troubling, aspect of the arms business: the trade in new and surplus military rifles and on one largely forgotten dealer; Auguste Schriever of Liège. Using contemporary reporting and the order records of the mighty ŒWG at Steyr, I will outline some of the deals that made him a significant figure in the arms trade. He was trusted by Ferdinand Mannlicher and was so respected by his rivals that they felt the need to spy on him. He was also accused of selling rifles to pirates in the far east and to an Emperor who used them to resist colonial powers and enslave his own people. My article begins to shine a light on this enigmatic figure and on to the complex and hidden trade in military rifles in this period.","PeriodicalId":40914,"journal":{"name":"Arms & Armour","volume":"20 1","pages":"90 - 105"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44389146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/17416124.2023.2182046
D. Weaver, Brian Godwin
Thomas Green came from the small northern market town of Kirkby Stephen in Westmorland, served his apprenticeship in the Gunmaker’s Company under Edward Nicholson 1686 − 1693, and established an active gunmaking business in the Minories, close to the Tower of London. His business was commercially successful despite his being persecuted as a Popish Recusant and being forced into exile for allegedly supplying arms to the Jacobite rising of 1715 and the Atterbury Plot against King George I in 1722. Thomas Green’s nephew, Richard Wilson, also from Kirkby Stephen, served his apprenticeship under his uncle and eventually took over the business which thrived for over another 100 years. This article briefly describes what has been learned of the life of Thomas Green and is illustrated by a fine hallmarked example of his work.
{"title":"Thomas Green, Gunmaker, and Persecuted Popish Recusant","authors":"D. Weaver, Brian Godwin","doi":"10.1080/17416124.2023.2182046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17416124.2023.2182046","url":null,"abstract":"Thomas Green came from the small northern market town of Kirkby Stephen in Westmorland, served his apprenticeship in the Gunmaker’s Company under Edward Nicholson 1686 − 1693, and established an active gunmaking business in the Minories, close to the Tower of London. His business was commercially successful despite his being persecuted as a Popish Recusant and being forced into exile for allegedly supplying arms to the Jacobite rising of 1715 and the Atterbury Plot against King George I in 1722. Thomas Green’s nephew, Richard Wilson, also from Kirkby Stephen, served his apprenticeship under his uncle and eventually took over the business which thrived for over another 100 years. This article briefly describes what has been learned of the life of Thomas Green and is illustrated by a fine hallmarked example of his work.","PeriodicalId":40914,"journal":{"name":"Arms & Armour","volume":"20 1","pages":"74 - 89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46862002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/17416124.2023.2182068
Stephen Bennett
To compliment significant research into knightly arms and armour, such as the mail hauberk and iron helmet, to shield design and types of swords, this article considers textile clothing worn in conjunction with metal armour in the High Middle Ages (1050–1250). It analyses potential nuances in the use of terminology to improve our understanding of the degrees of protection available to elite warriors, as well as their approach to balancing agility with protection, i.e. the management of the risks of injury in close combat. It demonstrates that various terms to describe textile armour – aketon, pourpoint, gambeson, and jupon – are not all names for a single, broad category of textile armour. This article also investigates the use of fabric armour when the threat of combat was reduced or to gain a tactical advantage, such as mentioned as being worn by John Marshal in the opening sequences of L’Histoire de Guillaume le Maréchal or that required of burghers and freemen in Henry II’s Assize of Arms of 1181.
{"title":"Under or Over (or Both)? Textile Armour and the Warrior in the High Middle Ages","authors":"Stephen Bennett","doi":"10.1080/17416124.2023.2182068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17416124.2023.2182068","url":null,"abstract":"To compliment significant research into knightly arms and armour, such as the mail hauberk and iron helmet, to shield design and types of swords, this article considers textile clothing worn in conjunction with metal armour in the High Middle Ages (1050–1250). It analyses potential nuances in the use of terminology to improve our understanding of the degrees of protection available to elite warriors, as well as their approach to balancing agility with protection, i.e. the management of the risks of injury in close combat. It demonstrates that various terms to describe textile armour – aketon, pourpoint, gambeson, and jupon – are not all names for a single, broad category of textile armour. This article also investigates the use of fabric armour when the threat of combat was reduced or to gain a tactical advantage, such as mentioned as being worn by John Marshal in the opening sequences of L’Histoire de Guillaume le Maréchal or that required of burghers and freemen in Henry II’s Assize of Arms of 1181.","PeriodicalId":40914,"journal":{"name":"Arms & Armour","volume":"20 1","pages":"35 - 53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45245260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/17416124.2023.2187199
R. F. Warming
The early find of the 64 Viking Age round shields from the Gokstad ship burial has almost singularly shaped our understanding of the construction and role of shields from this period. Despite their significance, however, the shield material has never been published in full nor been subjected to any substantial examination since their discovery in 1880. The current understanding of the shields is thus highly limited, tainted also in part by the preconception that they potentially represent ceremonial shields for the burial rite as well as assumptions of homogeneity. This preliminary study critically assesses these preconceptions and presents the results from a re-examination of the shield boards from the Gokstad ship burial. Despite their fragmented state, these artefacts significantly contribute to a more nuanced understanding of shield constructions of the Viking Age, especially when coupled with other well-preserved archaeological shield finds and the scholarly corpus available on such shields. As such, the preliminary findings of this paper offer new insights into the complexities of Viking Age shield technologies and their use in funerary rites, underlining the need for more comprehensive treatment of this material in the future.
{"title":"The Viking Age shields from the ship burial at Gokstad: a re-examination of their construction and function","authors":"R. F. Warming","doi":"10.1080/17416124.2023.2187199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17416124.2023.2187199","url":null,"abstract":"The early find of the 64 Viking Age round shields from the Gokstad ship burial has almost singularly shaped our understanding of the construction and role of shields from this period. Despite their significance, however, the shield material has never been published in full nor been subjected to any substantial examination since their discovery in 1880. The current understanding of the shields is thus highly limited, tainted also in part by the preconception that they potentially represent ceremonial shields for the burial rite as well as assumptions of homogeneity. This preliminary study critically assesses these preconceptions and presents the results from a re-examination of the shield boards from the Gokstad ship burial. Despite their fragmented state, these artefacts significantly contribute to a more nuanced understanding of shield constructions of the Viking Age, especially when coupled with other well-preserved archaeological shield finds and the scholarly corpus available on such shields. As such, the preliminary findings of this paper offer new insights into the complexities of Viking Age shield technologies and their use in funerary rites, underlining the need for more comprehensive treatment of this material in the future.","PeriodicalId":40914,"journal":{"name":"Arms & Armour","volume":"20 1","pages":"11 - 34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49316403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/17416124.2023.2189871
António Conduto Oliveira
The field of medieval arms and armour abounds with terms whose meanings are, as yet, lost to us. Of these, none is perhaps as recurrent or as widespread as the term musekin, amply present in a variety of European sources and languages between the 13th and the 16th centuries. Although familiar to experts, and included in a number of seminal works, no one source has of yet provided a definite, well-researched answer as to what musekins might be. This paper’s aim is therefore to try and work out what object or objects musekins might have corresponded to, by bringing together a considerable number and typology of sources—textual, artistic, and archaeological—from a wide variety of medieval European cultures, which are then analysed in a multi-pronged, multi-lingual, interdisciplinary approach. Possible identifications are then presented, in a process which highlights the potential for complementarity between different European languages and archives in researching medieval arms and armour.
{"title":"The Elusive Musekin—Interpreting a Mysterious Piece of Medieval Armour","authors":"António Conduto Oliveira","doi":"10.1080/17416124.2023.2189871","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17416124.2023.2189871","url":null,"abstract":"The field of medieval arms and armour abounds with terms whose meanings are, as yet, lost to us. Of these, none is perhaps as recurrent or as widespread as the term musekin, amply present in a variety of European sources and languages between the 13th and the 16th centuries. Although familiar to experts, and included in a number of seminal works, no one source has of yet provided a definite, well-researched answer as to what musekins might be. This paper’s aim is therefore to try and work out what object or objects musekins might have corresponded to, by bringing together a considerable number and typology of sources—textual, artistic, and archaeological—from a wide variety of medieval European cultures, which are then analysed in a multi-pronged, multi-lingual, interdisciplinary approach. Possible identifications are then presented, in a process which highlights the potential for complementarity between different European languages and archives in researching medieval arms and armour.","PeriodicalId":40914,"journal":{"name":"Arms & Armour","volume":"20 1","pages":"54 - 73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41784953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-03DOI: 10.1080/17416124.2022.2139880
L. Marek
This study presents the interpretation and contextualisation of apotropaic imagery and inscriptions found on two fifteenth century hammers for use on foot. One of them resides at the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York (Acc. No. 14.25.1336). The other, its counterpart known only from archival sources, is missing from the collection of the Badisches Landesmuseum in Karlsruhe (Acc. No. G43). The nearly identical form of both hammers and the character of the decoration engraved on their shafts suggests they were produced in the same workshop, perhaps even created by the same hand. Evidence described below supports the argument that the weapons may have been designed for judicial combat.
{"title":"Duel to the Death? The Emblematic Decoration of Fifteenth Century Pole Hammers","authors":"L. Marek","doi":"10.1080/17416124.2022.2139880","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17416124.2022.2139880","url":null,"abstract":"This study presents the interpretation and contextualisation of apotropaic imagery and inscriptions found on two fifteenth century hammers for use on foot. One of them resides at the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York (Acc. No. 14.25.1336). The other, its counterpart known only from archival sources, is missing from the collection of the Badisches Landesmuseum in Karlsruhe (Acc. No. G43). The nearly identical form of both hammers and the character of the decoration engraved on their shafts suggests they were produced in the same workshop, perhaps even created by the same hand. Evidence described below supports the argument that the weapons may have been designed for judicial combat.","PeriodicalId":40914,"journal":{"name":"Arms & Armour","volume":"19 1","pages":"118 - 145"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42556347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-03DOI: 10.1080/17416124.2022.2126100
N. Jenzen-Jones
In 1918, a Marshal’s sword (Gensuitō) was introduced into the Japanese honours system, to be presented to specially recognised admirals and generals of the Imperial Japanese military who had been awarded the honorific title of Gensui. Later that year, a very fine example of such a sword was presented to King George V at Buckingham Palace, on behalf of Emperor Taishō. These swords were made to the highest standards by master swordsmiths, with no more than 24 produced before the abolishment of the rank of Gensui in 1945. Very little has been written about Gensuitō in Japanese, much less in English. The King George V Gensuitō, today held in the Royal Collection, is recognised for its aesthetic value, but has been the subject of only limited scholarship. Drawing on primary sources held in the Royal Collection, Royal Archives, and National Archives of Japan, as well as secondary sources published in limited-circulation journals that have not been digitised, the author presents herein an overview of this important Gensuitō—believed to be the sole example held in a collection outside of Japan.
{"title":"The King George V Gensuitō: An Imperial Japanese rarity in the Royal Collection","authors":"N. Jenzen-Jones","doi":"10.1080/17416124.2022.2126100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17416124.2022.2126100","url":null,"abstract":"In 1918, a Marshal’s sword (Gensuitō) was introduced into the Japanese honours system, to be presented to specially recognised admirals and generals of the Imperial Japanese military who had been awarded the honorific title of Gensui. Later that year, a very fine example of such a sword was presented to King George V at Buckingham Palace, on behalf of Emperor Taishō. These swords were made to the highest standards by master swordsmiths, with no more than 24 produced before the abolishment of the rank of Gensui in 1945. Very little has been written about Gensuitō in Japanese, much less in English. The King George V Gensuitō, today held in the Royal Collection, is recognised for its aesthetic value, but has been the subject of only limited scholarship. Drawing on primary sources held in the Royal Collection, Royal Archives, and National Archives of Japan, as well as secondary sources published in limited-circulation journals that have not been digitised, the author presents herein an overview of this important Gensuitō—believed to be the sole example held in a collection outside of Japan.","PeriodicalId":40914,"journal":{"name":"Arms & Armour","volume":"19 1","pages":"185 - 197"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48132852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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