Pub Date : 2020-05-14DOI: 10.1080/17416124.2020.1735814
P. Abbott
This short history of the Royal Small Arms Factory (RSAF) at Enfield Lock prepared by Miss Constance Mary Irons is just one of the many supplementary notes on the contributions made by individual research establishments and manufacturing branches during the First World War which were prepared by the Historical Records Branch but never included in the official History of the Ministry of Munitions when it was published in 1921. Nevertheless, it provides an important summary of the part played by one of the most important engineering establishments in Britain during the war, and is a significant addition to the history of the RSAF.
{"title":"History of the Royal Small Arms Factory, Enfield Lock, during the the First World War, prepared in Historical Records Branch by Miss C. M. Irons, 4.7.1921 MUN 5/366","authors":"P. Abbott","doi":"10.1080/17416124.2020.1735814","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17416124.2020.1735814","url":null,"abstract":"This short history of the Royal Small Arms Factory (RSAF) at Enfield Lock prepared by Miss Constance Mary Irons is just one of the many supplementary notes on the contributions made by individual research establishments and manufacturing branches during the First World War which were prepared by the Historical Records Branch but never included in the official History of the Ministry of Munitions when it was published in 1921. Nevertheless, it provides an important summary of the part played by one of the most important engineering establishments in Britain during the war, and is a significant addition to the history of the RSAF.","PeriodicalId":40914,"journal":{"name":"Arms & Armour","volume":"17 1","pages":"198 - 212"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17416124.2020.1735814","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42628923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-20DOI: 10.1080/17416124.2020.1727630
D. Weaver
Few firearms have attracted as much attention, curiosity, and mythical attributes as the blunderbuss. Indeed, it often seems that fiction has overwhelmed the facts. To add to the mystery, the literature is conflicting with regard to defining exactly what a blunderbuss is, what it was used for, and how it performed. What is the difference between a blunderbuss and a musketoon? Is the blunderbuss really designed as a weapon of defence using whatever ammunition one might find in the garden? What was the real purpose of the flared bell mouth of the blunderbuss? Despite the extraordinary interest, the many extant examples of blunderbusses found in public and private collections, and the numerous related publications over centuries, it appears that virtually no properly controlled scientific studies have been carried out to address blunderbuss ballistics. Unfortunately, it was not possible for the author to carry out the carefully designed comprehensive experiments required for such a study. Thus, this article is a modest attempt to combine what information is available from some published blunderbuss ‘tests’, together with the results from more scientific forensic studies of the performance of sawn-off shotguns, and the addition some ballistic science and suggested scaling laws, to improve our understanding of blunderbuss ballistics.
{"title":"The English blunderbuss and its ballistics","authors":"D. Weaver","doi":"10.1080/17416124.2020.1727630","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17416124.2020.1727630","url":null,"abstract":"Few firearms have attracted as much attention, curiosity, and mythical attributes as the blunderbuss. Indeed, it often seems that fiction has overwhelmed the facts. To add to the mystery, the literature is conflicting with regard to defining exactly what a blunderbuss is, what it was used for, and how it performed. What is the difference between a blunderbuss and a musketoon? Is the blunderbuss really designed as a weapon of defence using whatever ammunition one might find in the garden? What was the real purpose of the flared bell mouth of the blunderbuss? Despite the extraordinary interest, the many extant examples of blunderbusses found in public and private collections, and the numerous related publications over centuries, it appears that virtually no properly controlled scientific studies have been carried out to address blunderbuss ballistics. Unfortunately, it was not possible for the author to carry out the carefully designed comprehensive experiments required for such a study. Thus, this article is a modest attempt to combine what information is available from some published blunderbuss ‘tests’, together with the results from more scientific forensic studies of the performance of sawn-off shotguns, and the addition some ballistic science and suggested scaling laws, to improve our understanding of blunderbuss ballistics.","PeriodicalId":40914,"journal":{"name":"Arms & Armour","volume":"17 1","pages":"122 - 156"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17416124.2020.1727630","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42667541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/17416124.2020.1745429
E. Corp, G. Rimer
It is well documented that the Jacobite 3rd Duke of Perth gave Prince Charles Stuart, then in Rome, some Highland weapons and armour in 1739. Two swords and a targe in Scottish collections have been traditionally described as possibly forming part of that gift, but a different sword has recently been identified as a more likely candidate to be the one given by Perth to the prince. A re-examination both of the available documentary evidence and of the weapons themselves demonstrates that neither the two swords nor the targe in Scotland, nor a similar targe at Warwick Castle, could possibly have been given to Prince Charles Stuart in 1739, whereas it now seems probable that the recently identified sword really was the one given to him by the Duke of Perth.
{"title":"The weapons of Bonnie Prince Charlie – a new examination","authors":"E. Corp, G. Rimer","doi":"10.1080/17416124.2020.1745429","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17416124.2020.1745429","url":null,"abstract":"It is well documented that the Jacobite 3rd Duke of Perth gave Prince Charles Stuart, then in Rome, some Highland weapons and armour in 1739. Two swords and a targe in Scottish collections have been traditionally described as possibly forming part of that gift, but a different sword has recently been identified as a more likely candidate to be the one given by Perth to the prince. A re-examination both of the available documentary evidence and of the weapons themselves demonstrates that neither the two swords nor the targe in Scotland, nor a similar targe at Warwick Castle, could possibly have been given to Prince Charles Stuart in 1739, whereas it now seems probable that the recently identified sword really was the one given to him by the Duke of Perth.","PeriodicalId":40914,"journal":{"name":"Arms & Armour","volume":"17 1","pages":"27 - 79"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17416124.2020.1745429","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45790065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/17416124.2020.1728905
C. V. Van Dijk
European halberds as the subject of research has been partly neglected in mainstream historical academic discourses. The research that has been primarily focused on trends in development of halberd design from the 14th to the 18th century. However, this research does not provide insight into the large variety of halberd design present in collections around the world. To examine this variety, this article offers a classification system for halberds and provides insight into the factors influencing their design during the 16th and 17th centuries. The first part of the article presents a halberd typology based on the collection of 131 examples in the National Military Museum, the Netherlands, to provide a system to classify and simplify communication. This typology is based on a hierarchical system, from classes, based on the design of the point and socket of the halberd, to types and subtypes, based on the blade and beak design. In total 4 classes, 14 types and 5 subtypes could be recognised. The second part of the article provides insight into the dating and use of the recognised types based on art and historical texts. Using this method, a trend could be recognised in halberd design: straight-edged halberds were presumably being used by larger groups of individuals, for example during battles. While concave edged halberds were probably used by smaller groups, for example personal guards, and were designed to control the opponent’s weapon and inflict trauma primarily with the point.
{"title":"A New Halberd Typology (1500-1800): Based on the Collection of the National Military Museum, The Netherlands","authors":"C. V. Van Dijk","doi":"10.1080/17416124.2020.1728905","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17416124.2020.1728905","url":null,"abstract":"European halberds as the subject of research has been partly neglected in mainstream historical academic discourses. The research that has been primarily focused on trends in development of halberd design from the 14th to the 18th century. However, this research does not provide insight into the large variety of halberd design present in collections around the world. To examine this variety, this article offers a classification system for halberds and provides insight into the factors influencing their design during the 16th and 17th centuries. The first part of the article presents a halberd typology based on the collection of 131 examples in the National Military Museum, the Netherlands, to provide a system to classify and simplify communication. This typology is based on a hierarchical system, from classes, based on the design of the point and socket of the halberd, to types and subtypes, based on the blade and beak design. In total 4 classes, 14 types and 5 subtypes could be recognised. The second part of the article provides insight into the dating and use of the recognised types based on art and historical texts. Using this method, a trend could be recognised in halberd design: straight-edged halberds were presumably being used by larger groups of individuals, for example during battles. While concave edged halberds were probably used by smaller groups, for example personal guards, and were designed to control the opponent’s weapon and inflict trauma primarily with the point.","PeriodicalId":40914,"journal":{"name":"Arms & Armour","volume":"17 1","pages":"1 - 26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17416124.2020.1728905","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42010832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/17416124.2020.1726605
N. Jenzen-Jones, Vernon L Easley, Miles Vining
The Martini-Henry and other Martini-action rifles have played an important part in the cultural, martial, and commercial histories of Afghanistan. The Martini-Henry was the first purpose-designed breech-loading rifle adopted by the British military. Over the course of its lifespan, the Martini-Henry and its successors saw service in all corners of the British Empire, including Afghanistan and the neighbouring Northwest Frontier Province of British India. Afghan forces took quickly to the weapon. Copies of the Martini were produced in Afghanistan around the time of the Second Anglo-Afghan War (1878–1880), imported from Great Britain in subsequent years, and finally industrially produced at the Kabul Arsenal from 1894. These rifles helped Afghanistan’s emirs to put down rebellion and maintain control, before being turned back on the British during the Third Anglo-Afghan War of 1919. In recent years industrially-produced examples originating from Great Britain, Belgium, Austria, and from the Kabul Arsenal in Afghanistan—as well as craft-produced examples from the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa region of Pakistan—have proven popular mementos. Many of these are now held in private collections in the United States, United Kingdom, Europe, and elsewhere, often brought home by International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) troops and others who deployed to Afghanistan from 2001 onwards. Despite the popularity of Martini-type rifles purchased in Afghanistan, little has been written about the local history of these weapons. In this article, the authors aim to: present an overview of the history of the Martini-type rifle in Afghanistan; clearly articulate the models of Martini-type rifles produced in Afghanistan; explain how to identify where, when, and by whom these were made; and support their conclusions with analysis based upon a sizeable original dataset.
Martini Henry和其他Martini步枪在阿富汗的文化、军事和商业历史上发挥了重要作用。Martini Henry是英国军方采用的第一支专门设计的后膛装填步枪。在其一生中，马提尼亨利号及其继任者在大英帝国的各个角落服役，包括阿富汗和邻近的英属印度西北边境省。阿富汗军队迅速拿起武器。马丁尼的复制品大约在第二次英阿战争（1878–1880）期间在阿富汗生产，随后几年从英国进口，最后于1894年在喀布尔兵工厂工业化生产。这些步枪帮助阿富汗埃米尔镇压叛乱并保持控制，然后在1919年第三次英阿战争中被英国人击退。近年来，源自英国、比利时、奥地利和阿富汗喀布尔兵工厂的工业生产的例子，以及来自巴基斯坦开伯尔-普赫图赫瓦地区的手工生产的例子已经被证明是受欢迎的纪念品。其中许多现在在美国、联合王国、欧洲和其他地方被私人收藏，通常由国际安全援助部队（安援部队）部队和从2001年起部署到阿富汗的其他部队带回国内。尽管在阿富汗购买的马提尼式步枪很受欢迎，但关于这些武器的当地历史却鲜有报道。在这篇文章中，作者的目的是：概述马蒂尼式步枪在阿富汗的历史；清楚地阐明了在阿富汗生产的马提尼式步枪的型号；解释如何确定这些文件是在哪里、何时以及由谁制作的；并通过基于大量原始数据集的分析来支持他们的结论。
{"title":"Panāh-pur: A history of the Martini rifle in Afghanistan, 1878–1925","authors":"N. Jenzen-Jones, Vernon L Easley, Miles Vining","doi":"10.1080/17416124.2020.1726605","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17416124.2020.1726605","url":null,"abstract":"The Martini-Henry and other Martini-action rifles have played an important part in the cultural, martial, and commercial histories of Afghanistan. The Martini-Henry was the first purpose-designed breech-loading rifle adopted by the British military. Over the course of its lifespan, the Martini-Henry and its successors saw service in all corners of the British Empire, including Afghanistan and the neighbouring Northwest Frontier Province of British India. Afghan forces took quickly to the weapon. Copies of the Martini were produced in Afghanistan around the time of the Second Anglo-Afghan War (1878–1880), imported from Great Britain in subsequent years, and finally industrially produced at the Kabul Arsenal from 1894. These rifles helped Afghanistan’s emirs to put down rebellion and maintain control, before being turned back on the British during the Third Anglo-Afghan War of 1919. In recent years industrially-produced examples originating from Great Britain, Belgium, Austria, and from the Kabul Arsenal in Afghanistan—as well as craft-produced examples from the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa region of Pakistan—have proven popular mementos. Many of these are now held in private collections in the United States, United Kingdom, Europe, and elsewhere, often brought home by International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) troops and others who deployed to Afghanistan from 2001 onwards. Despite the popularity of Martini-type rifles purchased in Afghanistan, little has been written about the local history of these weapons. In this article, the authors aim to: present an overview of the history of the Martini-type rifle in Afghanistan; clearly articulate the models of Martini-type rifles produced in Afghanistan; explain how to identify where, when, and by whom these were made; and support their conclusions with analysis based upon a sizeable original dataset.","PeriodicalId":40914,"journal":{"name":"Arms & Armour","volume":"17 1","pages":"80 - 106"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17416124.2020.1726605","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43756984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/17416124.2020.1732679
Robert C. Woosnam-Savage
{"title":"The Last Knight: The Art, Armor and Ambition of Maximilian I","authors":"Robert C. Woosnam-Savage","doi":"10.1080/17416124.2020.1732679","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17416124.2020.1732679","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":40914,"journal":{"name":"Arms & Armour","volume":"17 1","pages":"107 - 109"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17416124.2020.1732679","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43142417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-03DOI: 10.1080/17416124.2019.1662992
L. Piper
The collection of the Royal Armouries contains just nine examples of a type of armoured doublet known as the jack of plate and yet this group still constitutes the largest known collection of such objects anywhere in the world. This paper describes the interventive conservation treatment of a late 16th century jack of plate. In its severely deteriorated state the garment was unfit for display or study and extensive work was required to make it stable and to facilitate its interpretation. The conservation approach adopted, including the creation of a bespoke mount, as well as the dyeing and application of appropriate support fabrics, is discussed.
{"title":"Tailored for Combat: The Conservation of an Elizabethan Jack of Plate","authors":"L. Piper","doi":"10.1080/17416124.2019.1662992","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17416124.2019.1662992","url":null,"abstract":"The collection of the Royal Armouries contains just nine examples of a type of armoured doublet known as the jack of plate and yet this group still constitutes the largest known collection of such objects anywhere in the world. This paper describes the interventive conservation treatment of a late 16th century jack of plate. In its severely deteriorated state the garment was unfit for display or study and extensive work was required to make it stable and to facilitate its interpretation. The conservation approach adopted, including the creation of a bespoke mount, as well as the dyeing and application of appropriate support fabrics, is discussed.","PeriodicalId":40914,"journal":{"name":"Arms & Armour","volume":"16 1","pages":"196 - 218"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2019-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17416124.2019.1662992","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60045409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-03DOI: 10.1080/17416124.2019.1667668
Jonathan Ferguson
The latter part of the 20th century saw widespread military adoption of rifles in a shortened configuration known as ‘bullpup’, with the working parts located behind the trigger. This was directly informed by developmental work carried out during and following the Second World War. However, arguably the first cogent effort was the ‘Thorneycroft Patent Rifle’, a design first conceived in 1901 and subjected to three main iterations as well as British military trials. At the time of writing, little has appeared in print about either the Thorneycroft rifle or its designers. This article seeks to comprehensively document this interesting type using available sources and analysis of surviving rifles as both historical artefacts and pieces of engineering. It also places the rifle in the context of the developmental history of the ‘bullpup’ configuration.
{"title":"The Thorneycroft Patent Rifle","authors":"Jonathan Ferguson","doi":"10.1080/17416124.2019.1667668","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17416124.2019.1667668","url":null,"abstract":"The latter part of the 20th century saw widespread military adoption of rifles in a shortened configuration known as ‘bullpup’, with the working parts located behind the trigger. This was directly informed by developmental work carried out during and following the Second World War. However, arguably the first cogent effort was the ‘Thorneycroft Patent Rifle’, a design first conceived in 1901 and subjected to three main iterations as well as British military trials. At the time of writing, little has appeared in print about either the Thorneycroft rifle or its designers. This article seeks to comprehensively document this interesting type using available sources and analysis of surviving rifles as both historical artefacts and pieces of engineering. It also places the rifle in the context of the developmental history of the ‘bullpup’ configuration.","PeriodicalId":40914,"journal":{"name":"Arms & Armour","volume":"16 1","pages":"175 - 195"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2019-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17416124.2019.1667668","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49400964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-03DOI: 10.1080/17416124.2019.1659636
Natasha Bennett
{"title":"Arms & Armour of India, Nepal & Sri Lanka: Types, Decoration and Symbolism","authors":"Natasha Bennett","doi":"10.1080/17416124.2019.1659636","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17416124.2019.1659636","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":40914,"journal":{"name":"Arms & Armour","volume":"16 1","pages":"219 - 222"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2019-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17416124.2019.1659636","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48638801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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