This study explores the association between material deprivation and subjective poverty with children's subjective well-being (SWB) as well as the possible moderating effect of religiosity on this correlation among a representative sample of 2,733 Israeli fourth and sixth graders, Jews, and Arabs. All measures were based on children's reports, using a survey. The findings show that religiosity plays a protective role in this association. For children with stronger religious beliefs, the association between material deprivation and subjective poverty with subjective well-being is weaker and even insignificant in some of the models, which explains 28%-33% of the variance. Religious practice is not found to have a significant moderating effect on the association between material well-being and subjective well-being, suggesting that religiosity manifests differently among children and adults. These results show the significance that religiosity can play among children at risk as a protective factor. In light of the findings, we emphasize the importance of developing culturally sensitive interventions when tackling child poverty, taking into consideration the role of religiosity in their lives and its impact on children's well-being. More studies are needed, aiming at explaining the effect of religiosity on children's well-being. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
本研究在2733名以色列四年级和六年级学生、犹太人和阿拉伯人的代表性样本中，探讨了物质剥夺和主观贫困与儿童主观幸福感(SWB)之间的关系，以及宗教信仰对这种相关性的可能调节作用。所有的测量都是基于孩子们的报告，通过调查得出的。研究结果表明，宗教信仰在这种联系中起着保护作用。对于宗教信仰较强的儿童，在某些模型中，物质剥夺、主观贫困与主观幸福感之间的关联较弱，甚至不显著，这解释了28%-33%的方差。宗教活动对物质幸福感和主观幸福感之间的关系没有显著的调节作用，这表明儿童和成人的宗教信仰表现不同。这些结果表明，宗教信仰可以作为一种保护因素在有风险的儿童中发挥重要作用。根据研究结果，我们强调在解决儿童贫困问题时，考虑到宗教信仰在他们生活中的作用及其对儿童福祉的影响，制定文化敏感干预措施的重要性。还需要更多的研究来解释宗教信仰对儿童健康的影响。(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA，版权所有)。
{"title":"Material deprivation and subjective poverty association with subjective well-being reported by children: Religiosity as a protective factor.","authors":"Daphna Gross-Manos, A. Massarwi","doi":"10.1037/ort0000631","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/ort0000631","url":null,"abstract":"This study explores the association between material deprivation and subjective poverty with children's subjective well-being (SWB) as well as the possible moderating effect of religiosity on this correlation among a representative sample of 2,733 Israeli fourth and sixth graders, Jews, and Arabs. All measures were based on children's reports, using a survey. The findings show that religiosity plays a protective role in this association. For children with stronger religious beliefs, the association between material deprivation and subjective poverty with subjective well-being is weaker and even insignificant in some of the models, which explains 28%-33% of the variance. Religious practice is not found to have a significant moderating effect on the association between material well-being and subjective well-being, suggesting that religiosity manifests differently among children and adults. These results show the significance that religiosity can play among children at risk as a protective factor. In light of the findings, we emphasize the importance of developing culturally sensitive interventions when tackling child poverty, taking into consideration the role of religiosity in their lives and its impact on children's well-being. More studies are needed, aiming at explaining the effect of religiosity on children's well-being. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":409666,"journal":{"name":"The American journal of orthopsychiatry","volume":"114 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126675071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sara Reyes, L. Acosta, Vanessa N. Dominguez, Athena K. Ramos, Arthur R. Andrews
Research with immigrant Latino populations often point to findings that immigrants tend to evidence better health outcomes than nonimmigrants. When exploring differences based on nativity, comparisons often end with just comparing these two groups. Exploring these variables alone may oversimplify the shared and unique paths of risk and resilience between these groups. Experimental research shows that discrimination is often directed toward immigrants, but U.S.-born Latinos report more frequent exposure. We sought to address this by examining two distinct pathways by which discrimination leads to negative health. A sample of 240 Latino migrant farmworkers completed questionnaires regarding immigration-related fears, discrimination, physical and mental health, demographics, and other outcomes. While U.S.-born participants reported similar or worse outcomes across health measures, the pathways to these outcomes appeared to differ between the two groups, with immigration-related fears accounting for substantial portions of these health outcomes, especially in the dual paths with discrimination (p values < .05). Simply comparing Latino groups across U.S. nativity may paper over important differences in how they arrive at those health outcomes, including that immigration-related concerns may exacerbate exposure to and severity of discrimination, which in turn leads to negative health outcomes. On the other hand, discrimination itself may account for numerous negative health outcomes more directly for U.S.-born Latinos. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
对拉丁裔移民人口的研究经常指出，移民往往比非移民表现出更好的健康状况。在探索基于出生的差异时，比较通常以比较这两个群体结束。单独探索这些变量可能会过度简化这些群体之间共同的和独特的风险和弹性路径。实验研究表明，歧视通常是针对移民的，但在美国出生的拉美裔人报告的歧视更频繁。我们试图通过研究歧视导致负面健康的两种不同途径来解决这一问题。240名拉丁裔移民农场工人完成了关于移民相关恐惧、歧视、身心健康、人口统计和其他结果的问卷调查。虽然美国出生的参与者报告的健康指标相似或更差，但这些结果的途径在两组之间似乎有所不同，与移民相关的恐惧占了这些健康结果的很大一部分，特别是在有歧视的双重途径中(p值< 0.05)。简单地比较美国各地的拉丁裔群体，可能会掩盖他们在如何达到这些健康结果方面的重要差异，包括与移民相关的担忧可能会加剧歧视的暴露和严重程度，从而导致负面的健康结果。另一方面，歧视本身可能更直接地解释了美国出生的拉美裔人的许多负面健康结果。(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA，版权所有)。
{"title":"Immigrant and U.S.-born migrant farmworkers: Dual paths to discrimination-related health outcomes.","authors":"Sara Reyes, L. Acosta, Vanessa N. Dominguez, Athena K. Ramos, Arthur R. Andrews","doi":"10.1037/ort0000625","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/ort0000625","url":null,"abstract":"Research with immigrant Latino populations often point to findings that immigrants tend to evidence better health outcomes than nonimmigrants. When exploring differences based on nativity, comparisons often end with just comparing these two groups. Exploring these variables alone may oversimplify the shared and unique paths of risk and resilience between these groups. Experimental research shows that discrimination is often directed toward immigrants, but U.S.-born Latinos report more frequent exposure. We sought to address this by examining two distinct pathways by which discrimination leads to negative health. A sample of 240 Latino migrant farmworkers completed questionnaires regarding immigration-related fears, discrimination, physical and mental health, demographics, and other outcomes. While U.S.-born participants reported similar or worse outcomes across health measures, the pathways to these outcomes appeared to differ between the two groups, with immigration-related fears accounting for substantial portions of these health outcomes, especially in the dual paths with discrimination (p values < .05). Simply comparing Latino groups across U.S. nativity may paper over important differences in how they arrive at those health outcomes, including that immigration-related concerns may exacerbate exposure to and severity of discrimination, which in turn leads to negative health outcomes. On the other hand, discrimination itself may account for numerous negative health outcomes more directly for U.S.-born Latinos. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":409666,"journal":{"name":"The American journal of orthopsychiatry","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122672092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hannah Neukrug, G. Benson, Graham Buhrman, V. Volpe
Black individuals face psychological distress resulting from lifetime experiences of racial discrimination, and these experiences may be especially harmful to Black college students as they forge their social identities. One way to examine psychological distress induced by racial discrimination is by assessing affect reactivity, or the degree to which aspects of individuals' mood changes in response to a stressor. This quantitative investigation examines the association between lifetime racial discrimination frequency and stress responses to acute racial discrimination via two aspects of affect reactivity, valence and arousal, and if coping strategies moderate this association. A sample of 239 Black college students (Mage = 19.59, SDage = 2.15, 68.6% female) completed an online questionnaire that included measures of racial discrimination, coping, and demographics. They then attended a laboratory visit during which their affective responses to a stress task were collected. Regression analyses indicated an interaction between lifetime racial discrimination and social support coping on arousal reactivity in response to acute racial discrimination. For individuals who reported low levels of social support coping, more frequent lifetime racial discrimination was associated with a decrease in arousal. For individuals who reported high levels of social support coping, more frequent lifetime racial discrimination was associated with an increase in arousal. Implications for the mental health of Black college students exposed to racial discrimination and avenues for further investigation are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
{"title":"Affect reactivity and lifetime racial discrimination among Black college students: The role of coping.","authors":"Hannah Neukrug, G. Benson, Graham Buhrman, V. Volpe","doi":"10.1037/ort0000630","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/ort0000630","url":null,"abstract":"Black individuals face psychological distress resulting from lifetime experiences of racial discrimination, and these experiences may be especially harmful to Black college students as they forge their social identities. One way to examine psychological distress induced by racial discrimination is by assessing affect reactivity, or the degree to which aspects of individuals' mood changes in response to a stressor. This quantitative investigation examines the association between lifetime racial discrimination frequency and stress responses to acute racial discrimination via two aspects of affect reactivity, valence and arousal, and if coping strategies moderate this association. A sample of 239 Black college students (Mage = 19.59, SDage = 2.15, 68.6% female) completed an online questionnaire that included measures of racial discrimination, coping, and demographics. They then attended a laboratory visit during which their affective responses to a stress task were collected. Regression analyses indicated an interaction between lifetime racial discrimination and social support coping on arousal reactivity in response to acute racial discrimination. For individuals who reported low levels of social support coping, more frequent lifetime racial discrimination was associated with a decrease in arousal. For individuals who reported high levels of social support coping, more frequent lifetime racial discrimination was associated with an increase in arousal. Implications for the mental health of Black college students exposed to racial discrimination and avenues for further investigation are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":409666,"journal":{"name":"The American journal of orthopsychiatry","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133786366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ally Hunter, Heather Griller Clark, Loretta Mason-Williams, Joseph Calvin Gagnon
Access to high-quality curriculum and instruction is essential for all youth incarcerated in juvenile corrections facilities. In a landmark 2014 collaboration between the U.S. Departments of Education and Justice Guiding Principles for Providing High-Quality Education in Juvenile Justice Secure Care Settings were established. Principle independent variable (IV) identified the importance of access to rigorous and relevant curricula and evidence-based instruction that promotes college- and career-readiness. To explore research progress since publication of the Guiding Principles, a systematic review of research was conducted. The review identified eight peer-reviewed studies relevant to curriculum and instruction published since 2014. Employing a variety of research designs, the studies focused on literacy (n = 5) and instruction (n = 3). Quality indicators, based on modified forms of Mulcahy et al. (2016) single case design, Gersten et al. (2005) group design, and Miles et al. (2019) qualitative standards, were used to evaluate the studies. Results revealed a lack of replicable information pertinent to participants and intervention, as well as a lack of fidelity. Of grave concern is that only four of the participants included across all studies were female. Research that adheres to quality indicators, is described with replicable precision, and is representative of females is needed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
获得高质量的课程和指导对所有被关押在少年教养设施中的青少年至关重要。2014年，美国教育部和司法部签署了具有里程碑意义的《为青少年司法提供高质量教育的安全照料环境指导原则》。原则自变量(IV)确定了获得严格和相关的课程和循证教学的重要性，这些课程和教学促进了大学和职业准备。为探讨《指导原则》发表以来的研究进展，对相关研究进行了系统回顾。该审查确定了自2014年以来发表的八项与课程和教学相关的同行评议研究。采用多种研究设计，研究重点是读写能力(n = 5)和教学(n = 3)。基于Mulcahy et al.(2016)单一案例设计、Gersten et al.(2005)群体设计和Miles et al.(2019)定性标准的改进形式，使用质量指标来评估研究。结果显示缺乏与参与者和干预相关的可复制信息，以及缺乏保真度。值得严重关注的是，在所有研究中，只有四名参与者是女性。坚持质量指标的研究，以可复制的精度进行描述，并代表女性是必要的。(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA，版权所有)。
{"title":"Curriculum, instruction, and promoting college and career readiness for incarcerated youth: A literature review.","authors":"Ally Hunter, Heather Griller Clark, Loretta Mason-Williams, Joseph Calvin Gagnon","doi":"10.1037/ort0000623","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/ort0000623","url":null,"abstract":"Access to high-quality curriculum and instruction is essential for all youth incarcerated in juvenile corrections facilities. In a landmark 2014 collaboration between the U.S. Departments of Education and Justice Guiding Principles for Providing High-Quality Education in Juvenile Justice Secure Care Settings were established. Principle independent variable (IV) identified the importance of access to rigorous and relevant curricula and evidence-based instruction that promotes college- and career-readiness. To explore research progress since publication of the Guiding Principles, a systematic review of research was conducted. The review identified eight peer-reviewed studies relevant to curriculum and instruction published since 2014. Employing a variety of research designs, the studies focused on literacy (n = 5) and instruction (n = 3). Quality indicators, based on modified forms of Mulcahy et al. (2016) single case design, Gersten et al. (2005) group design, and Miles et al. (2019) qualitative standards, were used to evaluate the studies. Results revealed a lack of replicable information pertinent to participants and intervention, as well as a lack of fidelity. Of grave concern is that only four of the participants included across all studies were female. Research that adheres to quality indicators, is described with replicable precision, and is representative of females is needed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":409666,"journal":{"name":"The American journal of orthopsychiatry","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123675568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The COVID-19 pandemic radically altered social service provision with significant public health implications as social services often target society's most vulnerable with preventative health services addressing social determinants of health. Social service providers serve as crucial linkages to services for low-income Latinx immigrants who face substantial barriers to health and social care. However, little is known regarding how social service providers working with Latinx immigrants navigated service delivery and the rapid transition to telehealth during the COVID-19 pandemic. This mixed-methods (QUAL-quant; capitalization denotes primacy) study used survey data collected from April 2020 to October 2020 with Latinx immigrant serving as social service providers in the Maryland-Washington, DC, region. Social ecological theory guided the analysis of narrative data and the integration of quantitative data with qualitative themes. Participants (N = 41) were majority women (85.4%), identified as Latinx (48.6%) and elucidated themes related to their transition to telehealth, including adjusting from in-person to telehealth, barriers to telehealth implementation, impact on quality of services, working to prevent clients' disconnection to social services, and work-related stress and satisfaction. Through the firsthand experiences of frontline social service providers, results reveal conditions of scarcity endemic in social services for Latinx immigrants that preexisted the pandemic and became further constrained during a time of heightened health and social need. Further, critical insights regarding the use of remote modalities with vulnerable populations (language minorities and immigrants) can be instructive in the development of improved and accessible telehealth and remote programming and services for Latinx immigrants. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
2019冠状病毒病大流行从根本上改变了社会服务的提供，对公共卫生产生重大影响，因为社会服务往往以社会最弱势群体为目标，提供针对健康问题社会决定因素的预防性卫生服务。社会服务提供者是向在保健和社会护理方面面临重大障碍的低收入拉丁裔移民提供服务的关键联系。然而，在COVID-19大流行期间，与拉丁裔移民合作的社会服务提供者如何引导服务提供和快速过渡到远程医疗，人们知之甚少。这种混合方法(quality -quant;大写表示主要)研究使用了2020年4月至2020年10月收集的调查数据，其中拉丁裔移民在马里兰-华盛顿特区地区担任社会服务提供者。社会生态理论指导了叙事数据的分析，并将定量数据与定性主题相结合。参与者(N = 41)大多数是妇女(85.4%)，确定为拉丁裔(48.6%)，并阐明了与向远程保健过渡相关的主题，包括从面对面向远程保健的调整、远程保健实施的障碍、对服务质量的影响、努力防止客户与社会服务脱节以及与工作有关的压力和满意度。通过一线社会服务提供者的第一手经验，结果揭示了拉丁裔移民的社会服务普遍短缺的情况，这种情况在大流行之前就存在，并在健康和社会需求增加期间进一步受到限制。此外，关于在弱势群体(语言少数群体和移民)中使用远程方式的重要见解，可对为拉丁裔移民开发更好和更容易获得的远程保健和远程方案编制及服务具有指导意义。(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA，版权所有)。
{"title":"Social service providers navigating the rapid transition to telehealth with Latinx immigrants during the COVID-19 pandemic.","authors":"N. Negi, Jennifer L. Siegel","doi":"10.1037/ort0000626","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/ort0000626","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic radically altered social service provision with significant public health implications as social services often target society's most vulnerable with preventative health services addressing social determinants of health. Social service providers serve as crucial linkages to services for low-income Latinx immigrants who face substantial barriers to health and social care. However, little is known regarding how social service providers working with Latinx immigrants navigated service delivery and the rapid transition to telehealth during the COVID-19 pandemic. This mixed-methods (QUAL-quant; capitalization denotes primacy) study used survey data collected from April 2020 to October 2020 with Latinx immigrant serving as social service providers in the Maryland-Washington, DC, region. Social ecological theory guided the analysis of narrative data and the integration of quantitative data with qualitative themes. Participants (N = 41) were majority women (85.4%), identified as Latinx (48.6%) and elucidated themes related to their transition to telehealth, including adjusting from in-person to telehealth, barriers to telehealth implementation, impact on quality of services, working to prevent clients' disconnection to social services, and work-related stress and satisfaction. Through the firsthand experiences of frontline social service providers, results reveal conditions of scarcity endemic in social services for Latinx immigrants that preexisted the pandemic and became further constrained during a time of heightened health and social need. Further, critical insights regarding the use of remote modalities with vulnerable populations (language minorities and immigrants) can be instructive in the development of improved and accessible telehealth and remote programming and services for Latinx immigrants. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":409666,"journal":{"name":"The American journal of orthopsychiatry","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122072129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Netta Achdut, Yafit Sulimani‐Aidan, R. Benbenishty, A. Zeira
Empirical evidence on life satisfaction of care leavers is scant and often based on small and nonrepresentative samples. Based on the life course perspective, this study explored the role of objective and subjective factors in explaining life satisfaction among care leavers, both general and domain-specific (work-financial-housing, social relationships-emotional state). The sample was randomly drawn from the whole population of eight graduating birth cohorts of alumni of educational residential care in Israel and consists of 2, 295 alumni (24-31 years old). The study is based on an extensive set of longitudinal administrative records combined with structured phone interviews. Bivariate analysis and multiple regression models were used to assess associations between precare context, in-care and postcare experiences and achievements with general and domain-specific life satisfaction. Gender differences were found in both domain-specific life satisfactions with men having greater satisfaction. Family background indicators were generally more predictive of general and social relationships- emotional state satisfaction. In-care experiences of peer and staff support and postcare experience of material deprivation were strong predictors of general and domain-specific life satisfaction. Postcare contacts with care staff, surprisingly, were associated with lower general satisfaction and satisfaction with social relationships-emotional state. Higher educational attainment at the end of placement and integration into postsecondary education were associated with greater general and work-financial-housing satisfaction. The effects of in-care preparation for independent adult living, employment and parenthood are not consistent across different domains of life satisfaction. Implications for policy and practice during and after care are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
关于护理人员生活满意度的经验证据很少，而且往往是基于小样本和不具代表性的样本。本研究基于生命历程的视角，探讨了客观因素和主观因素在解释照顾者生活满意度中的作用，包括一般因素和特定领域(工作-经济-住房，社会关系-情绪状态)。该样本随机抽取自以色列8个教育寄宿护理校友毕业出生队列的全部人口，包括2,295名校友(24-31岁)。这项研究是基于一套广泛的纵向行政记录和结构化的电话访谈。采用双变量分析和多元回归模型来评估护理前环境、护理中和护理后经历和成就与一般和特定领域生活满意度之间的关系。在两个特定领域的生活满意度中都发现了性别差异，男性的满意度更高。家庭背景指标通常更能预测一般关系和社会关系——情感状态满意度。护理中同伴和工作人员支持的经历以及护理后物质剥夺的经历是一般和特定领域生活满意度的强预测因子。令人惊讶的是，护理后与护理人员的接触与较低的总体满意度和社会关系-情绪状态满意度相关。更高的教育成就在安置结束和融入高等教育与更高的总体满意度和工作-经济-住房满意度相关。照顾准备对独立成人生活、就业和为人父母的影响在不同的生活满意度领域并不一致。讨论了护理期间和护理后政策和实践的影响。(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA，版权所有)。
{"title":"Life satisfaction among alumni of youth villages in Israel: A life course perspective.","authors":"Netta Achdut, Yafit Sulimani‐Aidan, R. Benbenishty, A. Zeira","doi":"10.1037/ort0000622","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/ort0000622","url":null,"abstract":"Empirical evidence on life satisfaction of care leavers is scant and often based on small and nonrepresentative samples. Based on the life course perspective, this study explored the role of objective and subjective factors in explaining life satisfaction among care leavers, both general and domain-specific (work-financial-housing, social relationships-emotional state). The sample was randomly drawn from the whole population of eight graduating birth cohorts of alumni of educational residential care in Israel and consists of 2, 295 alumni (24-31 years old). The study is based on an extensive set of longitudinal administrative records combined with structured phone interviews. Bivariate analysis and multiple regression models were used to assess associations between precare context, in-care and postcare experiences and achievements with general and domain-specific life satisfaction. Gender differences were found in both domain-specific life satisfactions with men having greater satisfaction. Family background indicators were generally more predictive of general and social relationships- emotional state satisfaction. In-care experiences of peer and staff support and postcare experience of material deprivation were strong predictors of general and domain-specific life satisfaction. Postcare contacts with care staff, surprisingly, were associated with lower general satisfaction and satisfaction with social relationships-emotional state. Higher educational attainment at the end of placement and integration into postsecondary education were associated with greater general and work-financial-housing satisfaction. The effects of in-care preparation for independent adult living, employment and parenthood are not consistent across different domains of life satisfaction. Implications for policy and practice during and after care are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":409666,"journal":{"name":"The American journal of orthopsychiatry","volume":"118 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122572019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Many youth in foster care are diagnosed with disruptive behavior disorder (DBD), a diagnosis indicative of aggression and behavior problems. These youth, who are at high risk for being placed in psychiatric residential treatment facilities (PRTF), are commonly prescribed antipsychotic (AP) medications off-label. However, treating children in the community is an important goal, and although AP medications can have severe side effects, these prescriptions may help to achieve this goal. In this study, we used Medicaid data to determine whether AP medications reduce the risk of admission to PRTF among two groups of children with DBD: those with DBD only and those who were diagnosed with DBD in addition to at least one of two conditions indicated for AP prescribing (psychosis and bipolar disorder.) Event history models show that AP medications are associated with a high rate of admission, which are likely due to the higher mental and behavioral health needs of youth who are prescribed. However, youth diagnosed with both DBD and indications who are prescribed an AP medication have one-tenth the rate of admission of similar youth who are not prescribed. For youth with DBD only, the findings are inconclusive. Given these mixed results, practitioners should follow clinical guidelines; ensuring youth are treated with psychosocial interventions and other psychotropic medications prior to AP prescribing. Agencies should attempt to address systemic factors such as shortages of foster homes, increased availability of therapeutic foster care, and implementation of in-home prevention services. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
许多被寄养的青少年被诊断为破坏性行为障碍(DBD)，这是一种表明攻击和行为问题的诊断。这些青少年有很高的风险被安置在精神病住院治疗设施(PRTF)中，他们通常被开出标签外的抗精神病药物(AP)。然而，在社区治疗儿童是一个重要的目标，尽管AP药物可能有严重的副作用，但这些处方可能有助于实现这一目标。在这项研究中，我们使用医疗补助数据来确定AP药物是否能降低两组DBD患儿的PRTF入院风险:一组仅患有DBD，另一组被诊断患有DBD，并且至少有两种AP处方条件中的一种(精神病和双相情感障碍)。事件历史模型显示，AP药物与高入院率有关，这可能是由于服用处方的青少年有更高的心理和行为健康需求。然而，被诊断为DBD和适应症的年轻人，如果开了AP药物，入院率是没有开AP药物的类似年轻人的十分之一。仅对于患有DBD的青少年，研究结果尚无定论。鉴于这些混杂的结果，从业者应遵循临床指南;确保青少年在处方前接受心理社会干预和其他精神药物治疗。各机构应尝试解决系统性因素，如寄养家庭短缺、治疗性寄养的增加以及家庭预防服务的实施。(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA，版权所有)。
{"title":"Antipsychotic medications and admission to psychiatric residential treatment facilities among youth in foster care diagnosed with disruptive behavior disorders.","authors":"Roderick A. Rose, P. Lanier, S. dosReis","doi":"10.1037/ort0000624","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/ort0000624","url":null,"abstract":"Many youth in foster care are diagnosed with disruptive behavior disorder (DBD), a diagnosis indicative of aggression and behavior problems. These youth, who are at high risk for being placed in psychiatric residential treatment facilities (PRTF), are commonly prescribed antipsychotic (AP) medications off-label. However, treating children in the community is an important goal, and although AP medications can have severe side effects, these prescriptions may help to achieve this goal. In this study, we used Medicaid data to determine whether AP medications reduce the risk of admission to PRTF among two groups of children with DBD: those with DBD only and those who were diagnosed with DBD in addition to at least one of two conditions indicated for AP prescribing (psychosis and bipolar disorder.) Event history models show that AP medications are associated with a high rate of admission, which are likely due to the higher mental and behavioral health needs of youth who are prescribed. However, youth diagnosed with both DBD and indications who are prescribed an AP medication have one-tenth the rate of admission of similar youth who are not prescribed. For youth with DBD only, the findings are inconclusive. Given these mixed results, practitioners should follow clinical guidelines; ensuring youth are treated with psychosocial interventions and other psychotropic medications prior to AP prescribing. Agencies should attempt to address systemic factors such as shortages of foster homes, increased availability of therapeutic foster care, and implementation of in-home prevention services. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":409666,"journal":{"name":"The American journal of orthopsychiatry","volume":"91 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116909837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Melissa R. Schick, Akshiti A Todi, Nichea S. Spillane
North American Indigenous (NAI) youth suffers disproportionately from consequences associated with alcohol use. Previous research has found that positive alcohol expectancies are robustly related to alcohol consumption among NAI youth and that changes in alcohol consumption are associated with concurrent changes in happiness. However, no work to date has examined the relation between happiness and alcohol expectancies, or the influence of happiness on the association between alcohol expectancies and alcohol consumption. First Nation adolescents between the ages of 11 and 18 living on a rural reserve in Eastern Canada (N = 106, Mage = 14.6 years, 50.0% female) completed a pencil-and-paper survey regarding their subjective happiness, positive alcohol expectancies, and alcohol consumption. Moderation analyses revealed a significant main effect of subjective happiness (b = -.10, p < .001) but not alcohol expectancies (b = .02, p = .14) on alcohol consumption. The interaction of alcohol expectancies and subjective happiness was significant, (b = -.01, p = .002). Analysis of simple slopes revealed that the effect of alcohol expectancies on alcohol consumption was significant for those reporting low (b = .07, p = .001), but not high levels of subjective happiness (b = -.02, p = .25). Results of the present study provide preliminary support for the utility of positive psychological interventions aiming to increase adolescent's subjective happiness to indirectly target alcohol consumption. Future work should test the effectiveness of such interventions and aim to replicate these findings in larger samples. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
北美土著(NAI)青年遭受与酒精使用有关的后果不成比例。先前的研究发现，积极的酒精预期与NAI青年的酒精消费密切相关，酒精消费的变化与幸福感的同步变化有关。然而，到目前为止，还没有研究幸福和酒精预期之间的关系，或者幸福对酒精预期和酒精消费之间的关系的影响。居住在加拿大东部农村保护区的11至18岁的第一民族青少年(N = 106，年龄= 14.6,50.0%为女性)完成了一项关于他们的主观幸福感、积极的酒精预期和饮酒量的纸笔调查。适度分析揭示了主观幸福感的显著主要影响(b = -)。10, p < .001)，但对酒精摄入量的预期(b = .02, p = .14)没有影响。酒精期望值和主观幸福感的相互作用是显著的，(b = -)。01, p = .002)。对简单斜率的分析显示，对于那些报告主观幸福感低(b = .07, p = .001)但不高(b = -)的人来说，酒精预期对酒精消费的影响是显著的。02, p = .25)。本研究结果为积极心理干预提高青少年主观幸福感间接针对酒精消费提供了初步支持。未来的工作应该测试这些干预措施的有效性，并致力于在更大的样本中复制这些发现。(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA，版权所有)。
{"title":"Subjective happiness interrupts the association between alcohol expectancies and alcohol consumption among reserve-dwelling first nation adolescents.","authors":"Melissa R. Schick, Akshiti A Todi, Nichea S. Spillane","doi":"10.1037/ort0000607","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/ort0000607","url":null,"abstract":"North American Indigenous (NAI) youth suffers disproportionately from consequences associated with alcohol use. Previous research has found that positive alcohol expectancies are robustly related to alcohol consumption among NAI youth and that changes in alcohol consumption are associated with concurrent changes in happiness. However, no work to date has examined the relation between happiness and alcohol expectancies, or the influence of happiness on the association between alcohol expectancies and alcohol consumption. First Nation adolescents between the ages of 11 and 18 living on a rural reserve in Eastern Canada (N = 106, Mage = 14.6 years, 50.0% female) completed a pencil-and-paper survey regarding their subjective happiness, positive alcohol expectancies, and alcohol consumption. Moderation analyses revealed a significant main effect of subjective happiness (b = -.10, p < .001) but not alcohol expectancies (b = .02, p = .14) on alcohol consumption. The interaction of alcohol expectancies and subjective happiness was significant, (b = -.01, p = .002). Analysis of simple slopes revealed that the effect of alcohol expectancies on alcohol consumption was significant for those reporting low (b = .07, p = .001), but not high levels of subjective happiness (b = -.02, p = .25). Results of the present study provide preliminary support for the utility of positive psychological interventions aiming to increase adolescent's subjective happiness to indirectly target alcohol consumption. Future work should test the effectiveness of such interventions and aim to replicate these findings in larger samples. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":409666,"journal":{"name":"The American journal of orthopsychiatry","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116944025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Silicia Lomax, Cori L. Cafaro, Nadha Hassen, Clysha Whitlow, Kirby Magid, G. Jaffe
Applying a human rights lens to mental health and well-being will improve the systems that govern and operate U.S. society. Achieving this requires learning from successful approaches and scaling up the implementation of effective strategies that promote equity by actively addressing determinants and barriers across systems that impede overall health. As a country, the U.S. has shown significant success in innovation but has failed at taking successful programs and initiatives to scale. Having endured over a year of loss in education, social connection, and routines, the COVID-19 pandemic illuminated America's deeply rooted structural inequities that have worsened population mental health and well-being. Integrating mental health into institutions and systems, while recovering and rebuilding, must be at the forefront to provide a path for transformation. Three recommendations are derived from the strategies and initiatives described throughout this article that offer tangible steps for achieving wellbeing as a human right: 1. Embed mental health within and across all systems, and expand its definition across the continuum; 2. Prioritize prevention and health promotion through person-centered and community-driven strategies; and 3. Expand the diversification and training of the mental health workforce across sectors. The inequities addressed in this article are not the products of a global pandemic. Instead, they result from historical oppression, injustice, and inaction, exacerbated by the current context. Embedding a human rights approach to mental health in the United States is fundamental to individual and community well-being. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
将人权的视角应用于心理健康和福祉将改善美国社会的管理和运作系统。要实现这一目标，就需要学习成功的方法，并扩大实施有效战略，通过积极解决阻碍整体健康的各系统的决定因素和障碍，促进公平。作为一个国家，美国在创新方面取得了巨大的成功，但在将成功的项目和倡议推广方面却失败了。在经历了一年多的教育、社会联系和日常生活的损失之后，COVID-19大流行暴露了美国根深蒂固的结构性不平等，这种不平等使人口的心理健康和福祉恶化。将精神卫生纳入机构和系统，在恢复和重建的同时，必须站在最前沿，为转型提供道路。从本文所述的战略和倡议中得出三项建议，为实现作为一项人权的幸福提供了具体步骤:将精神卫生纳入并跨越所有系统，并在整个连续体中扩大其定义;2. 通过以人为本和社区驱动的战略，优先考虑预防和促进健康;和3。扩大各部门精神卫生工作人员的多样化和培训。本文所讨论的不平等现象并非全球流行病的产物。相反，它们是历史上的压迫、不公正和不作为造成的，而当前的环境又加剧了这种情况。在美国对心理健康采取人权方针对个人和社区福祉至关重要。(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA，版权所有)。
{"title":"Centering mental health in society: A human rights approach to well-being for all.","authors":"Silicia Lomax, Cori L. Cafaro, Nadha Hassen, Clysha Whitlow, Kirby Magid, G. Jaffe","doi":"10.1037/ort0000618","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/ort0000618","url":null,"abstract":"Applying a human rights lens to mental health and well-being will improve the systems that govern and operate U.S. society. Achieving this requires learning from successful approaches and scaling up the implementation of effective strategies that promote equity by actively addressing determinants and barriers across systems that impede overall health. As a country, the U.S. has shown significant success in innovation but has failed at taking successful programs and initiatives to scale. Having endured over a year of loss in education, social connection, and routines, the COVID-19 pandemic illuminated America's deeply rooted structural inequities that have worsened population mental health and well-being. Integrating mental health into institutions and systems, while recovering and rebuilding, must be at the forefront to provide a path for transformation. Three recommendations are derived from the strategies and initiatives described throughout this article that offer tangible steps for achieving wellbeing as a human right: 1. Embed mental health within and across all systems, and expand its definition across the continuum; 2. Prioritize prevention and health promotion through person-centered and community-driven strategies; and 3. Expand the diversification and training of the mental health workforce across sectors. The inequities addressed in this article are not the products of a global pandemic. Instead, they result from historical oppression, injustice, and inaction, exacerbated by the current context. Embedding a human rights approach to mental health in the United States is fundamental to individual and community well-being. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":409666,"journal":{"name":"The American journal of orthopsychiatry","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130676870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. Kira, T. AL-Noor, Yasir Waleed Al-Bayaty, H. Shuwiekh, Jeffrey S Ashby, H. Jamil
Compelling evidence proved that coronavirus disease (COVID-19) disproportionately affects minorities. The goal of the present study was to explore the effects of intersected discrimination and discrimination types on COVID-19, mental health, and cognition. A sample of 542 Iraqis, 55.7% females, age ranged from 18 to 73, with (M = 31.16, SD = 9.77). 48.7% were Muslims, and 51.3% were Christians (N = 278). We used measures for COVID-19 stressors, executive functions, intersected discrimination (gender discrimination, social groups-based discrimination, sexual orientation discrimination, and genocidal discrimination), posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, anxiety, status and death, existential anxieties, and health. We conducted independent samples t test between Muslims and Christians. We conducted hierarchical regression analyses using the Christian minority subsample to see if intersected discrimination is predictive of COVID-19 hospitalization. We conducted two-path analyses, one with intersected discrimination as an independent variable and the second with the different discrimination types as independent variables. Intersected discrimination predicted COVID-19 hospitalization. The primary discrimination type for Christians was genocidal discrimination. Christians had higher existential anxiety about status and death than Muslims. Intersected discrimination and discrimination types had a significant association with mental health, health, and cognition variables, with intersected discrimination, had a higher impact than each. Existential anxiety about the person's social and economic status was the critical outcome of intersected discrimination that trickles down to other variables. COVID-19 stressors had significant effects on depression, PTSD, generalized anxiety, and Status existential annihilation anxiety (EAA). COVID-19 hospitalization and stressors are associated with inhibition and working memory deficits. We discussed the conceptual and clinical implications of the results. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
{"title":"Intersected discrimination through the lens of COVID-19: The case example of Christian minority in Iraq.","authors":"I. Kira, T. AL-Noor, Yasir Waleed Al-Bayaty, H. Shuwiekh, Jeffrey S Ashby, H. Jamil","doi":"10.1037/ort0000619","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/ort0000619","url":null,"abstract":"Compelling evidence proved that coronavirus disease (COVID-19) disproportionately affects minorities. The goal of the present study was to explore the effects of intersected discrimination and discrimination types on COVID-19, mental health, and cognition. A sample of 542 Iraqis, 55.7% females, age ranged from 18 to 73, with (M = 31.16, SD = 9.77). 48.7% were Muslims, and 51.3% were Christians (N = 278). We used measures for COVID-19 stressors, executive functions, intersected discrimination (gender discrimination, social groups-based discrimination, sexual orientation discrimination, and genocidal discrimination), posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, anxiety, status and death, existential anxieties, and health. We conducted independent samples t test between Muslims and Christians. We conducted hierarchical regression analyses using the Christian minority subsample to see if intersected discrimination is predictive of COVID-19 hospitalization. We conducted two-path analyses, one with intersected discrimination as an independent variable and the second with the different discrimination types as independent variables. Intersected discrimination predicted COVID-19 hospitalization. The primary discrimination type for Christians was genocidal discrimination. Christians had higher existential anxiety about status and death than Muslims. Intersected discrimination and discrimination types had a significant association with mental health, health, and cognition variables, with intersected discrimination, had a higher impact than each. Existential anxiety about the person's social and economic status was the critical outcome of intersected discrimination that trickles down to other variables. COVID-19 stressors had significant effects on depression, PTSD, generalized anxiety, and Status existential annihilation anxiety (EAA). COVID-19 hospitalization and stressors are associated with inhibition and working memory deficits. We discussed the conceptual and clinical implications of the results. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":409666,"journal":{"name":"The American journal of orthopsychiatry","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126679160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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