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Socialist And Post-Socialist Histories Reflected In The Recent Past Of The Philharmonic In Bucharest 在布加勒斯特爱乐乐团最近的历史中反映的社会主义和后社会主义历史
Pub Date : 2020-12-31 DOI: 10.2478/9788366675193-016
Valentina Sandu-Dediu
: I have already tackled in some previous texts the problems of Romanian musicology nowadays, related to its communist past. On the same path, I intend in this essay to follow a case study - the recent history of the Bucharest Philharmonic - in order to observe the transformations of an institution in socialist and post-socialist times. While reading the documents and volumes that have already been published about the Bucharest Philharmonic, we discover the tendencies, trends and mentalities that characterize Romanian culture as a whole: the musical definition of the nation, interwar nationalism, modernization, synchronicity, cosmopolitanism, socialist realism and communist nationalism, adaptation to international musical life. How can we write about the Philharmonic today, more than 150 years after its foundation? Research reveals that there is significant documentation covering the period up until World War II on the one hand, on the other hand there are only sporadic sources that have not been centralized and thus can still form only a fragmented image of the interwar period. Romanian musical historiography abundantly refers to the first hundred years (1868-1968), but the reader of those pages ought to maintain his/her critical spirit awake, so as to amend the ideological slippages of those writings. Most of them date back to the Communist decades and are inevitably contaminated with nationalist exaggerations, with phrasings that conformed to the censorship of the time. One can get an overall image at least of the music performed by consulting the collection of concert programmes in the Philharmonic Library. However, this image has its minuses, as – we know only too well – a concert programme printed before a concert may not coincide with the reality of last-minute changes. The Philharmonic’s ups and downs are also intertwined with the evolution of the other musical institutions in Bucharest: the (currently the National University of Music), the Society (and 1945, the Union) Composers and Musicologists, the Opera, it only because the same personalities of composed, conducted and taught, others wrote chronicles, were soloists and professors, or filled different temporary administrative positions, due to their professional status. The trends of Romanian Communist musical historiography are obvious in such an endeavour.
我已经在之前的文章中讨论了罗马尼亚音乐学的问题,这些问题与过去的共产主义有关。在同样的道路上,我打算在这篇文章中遵循一个案例研究-布加勒斯特爱乐乐团的近史-以便观察社会主义和后社会主义时代一个机构的转变。在阅读布加勒斯特爱乐乐团已经出版的文件和书籍时,我们发现了罗马尼亚文化作为一个整体的趋势,趋势和心态:国家的音乐定义,两次世界大战之间的民族主义,现代化,同步性,世界主义,社会主义现实主义和共产主义民族主义,适应国际音乐生活。在爱乐乐团成立150多年后的今天,我们该如何评价它呢?研究表明,一方面,有重要的文件涵盖了直到第二次世界大战的时期,另一方面,只有零星的来源,没有集中,因此仍然只能形成一个支离破碎的两次世界大战期间的形象。罗马尼亚音乐史学大量地提到了第一个一百年(1868-1968),但这些页面的读者应该保持他/她的批判精神清醒,以便修正这些著作的意识形态上的失误。其中大多数可以追溯到共产党执政的那几十年,不可避免地夹杂着民族主义的夸张,夹杂着符合当时审查制度的措辞。通过查阅爱乐图书馆的音乐会节目集,人们至少可以对演出的音乐有一个总体的了解。然而,这种形象也有它的缺点,因为——我们非常清楚——在音乐会之前印刷的音乐会节目表可能与最后一刻的变化不一致。爱乐乐团的起起伏伏也与布加勒斯特其他音乐机构的发展交织在一起:(现在是国立音乐大学),协会(1945年,联盟)作曲家和音乐学家,歌剧,这只是因为相同的人格作曲,指挥和教学,其他人写编年史,独奏家和教授,或担任不同的临时行政职位,由于他们的专业地位。罗马尼亚共产党音乐史学的趋势在这样的努力中是显而易见的。
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引用次数: 0
Reiterating the Message in Graffiti Art 重申涂鸦艺术中的信息
Pub Date : 2020-12-31 DOI: 10.2478/9788366675193-029
Sorin Constantin Semenov
The term Graffiti comes from the Latin being the plural of the verb graffiare (to scratch), it reminds of the way in which the Roman or Greek "vandals" recorded their political beliefs, love statements or even simple protests, on the walls of buildings. This practice is of course common in other civilizations, with more or less the same goal. Printing a text using colored spays and repeating it in a contemporary context, acquires an independent force. The association of casual letters, that seem to be accidental and implicitly their obsessive repetition have an exponential visual impact, but at the same time they contribute decisively to the general ensemble of the public space. Graffiti Art does not require the permission of civil society or the authorities, it is not associated with an ideology or belief but impregnates in the public consciousness a suite of characters that over time become part of it.
“涂鸦”一词来自拉丁语,是动词graffiare(涂鸦)的复数形式,它让人想起罗马或希腊的“破坏者”在建筑物的墙上记录他们的政治信仰、爱情宣言甚至是简单的抗议活动的方式。这种做法在其他文明中当然是常见的,或多或少都有相同的目标。用彩色喷墨印刷文本并在当代语境中重复,获得了一种独立的力量。随意字母的联想,似乎是偶然的,隐含着它们的强迫性重复,具有指数级的视觉影响,但同时它们对公共空间的总体整体做出了决定性的贡献。涂鸦艺术不需要公民社会或当局的许可,它与意识形态或信仰无关,而是在公众意识中灌输了一套性格,随着时间的推移,这些性格成为了公众意识的一部分。
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引用次数: 0
String Concerto nr.2 by Sigismund Toduță between the neobaroque and the contemporary styles 西吉斯蒙德的弦乐协奏曲nr.2 Toduță介于新巴洛克风格和当代风格之间
Pub Date : 2020-12-31 DOI: 10.2478/9788366675193-019
Iulia Cibişescu-Duran, Eugenia Cibisescu-Duran, Georgiana Cibisescu-Duran
Located in the middle between the Concerto for string orchestra no. 1 written in 1951 and Concerto per archi nr.3 "in stile antico" (1974), both of them being of neo-baroque affiliation twinned with a folkloric modalism specific to the composer, Concerto for strings no. 2 (1972-1973), dedicated to the conductor and his disciple, Emil Simon, only demonstrates with special expressive force the approach of Toduta’s creative thinking to the baroque forms belonging to the Suite through the successive parts: Preludio, Fuga, Recitativo e Arioso, Toccata as well as a language based on an intensely chromatically folkloric modalism that gives its music a modern and contemporary breath.Toduta’s personal style present in the polyphonic articulations of the discourse, in his modal melody of folkloric origin, essentialized in cells belonging to the Romanian folk song, dressed in improvised baroque "forms" or with a fixed pattern (see Fuga), through a harmonic style proper to the composer, resulting from the vertical arrangement in consonant-dissonant conglomerates of the sounds of the modal melody, gives to the score of the String Concerto no.2 (score edited by the Music Publishing House of the Union of Composers and Musicologists of Romania) a special aura, unmistakable through the masterful grinding of every compositional detail.
位于弦乐协奏曲的中间。《第1号弦乐协奏曲》(1951年)和《反风格协奏曲》(1974年),这两部作品都与新巴洛克风格有关,并与作曲家特有的民俗风格相结合。2(1972-1973),献给指挥家和他的弟子Emil Simon,通过连续的部分:Preludio, Fuga, recativo e Arioso, Toccata以及基于强烈的音色民俗情态的语言,以特殊的表现力展示了Toduta对属于组曲的巴洛克形式的创造性思维方法,使其音乐具有现代和当代的气息。Toduta的个人风格呈现在话语的复调发音中,在他的民间起源的模态旋律中,本质上是属于罗马尼亚民歌的细胞,穿着即兴的巴洛克“形式”或固定的模式(见Fuga),通过作曲家特有的和声风格,由模态旋律声音的辅音和不谐音组合的垂直排列产生,给出了第二弦乐协奏曲的乐谱(由罗马尼亚作曲家和音乐学家联盟音乐出版社编辑的乐谱)一种特殊的光环,通过对每一个作曲细节的大师般的打磨,毫无疑问。
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引用次数: 0
Cultural Memory Within The User Experience: From The Past To An Interface Of The Future 用户体验中的文化记忆:从过去到未来的界面
Pub Date : 2020-12-31 DOI: 10.2478/9788366675193-028
Andrei Lazar
: This paper presents the initial results of a study on cultural memory, from the design product`s perspective, with focus on user interface. In user experience design the cultural memory brings new ways of expression of the interface elements, consisting of updated reinterpretations of some elements well known by the masses of users. The cultural memory keeps, preserves the knowledge and the collective human experiences from the past, such as texts, images, practices and others, in order to be rediscovered and reused by the current generations. This leads to the creation of a new form of interface, in which the user becomes an integral part, by using a mutual fund of memory, manifested through the elements of interface who refer to the knowledge and the experience of the user. These memories are bringed back through a metonymical pattern, where the part named mnemonic trigger , refers to the whole, to the memory of the accumulated experience. This way, the cultural memory constitutes the foundation on which the new element will be built, reinterpreted and updated. The stage of reinventing the wheel is skipped in user interface because all the elements and all the operating modes already exist in the memory.The concept of cultural memory is exemplified by the element of the analog potentiometer, analysed in the light of some iconic design products. During the analysis, a new evolutionary interface is revealed, connected to the period-specific technologies of each product. These have influenced and they continue to infuence the development of new interfaces, constituting references to the foundation upon which a new interface will be built, which could be a potential interface of the future by the synchronisation with the emerging technologies and the recent scientific discoveries.
本文从设计产品的角度,以用户界面为重点,提出了文化记忆研究的初步结果。在用户体验设计中,文化记忆带来了界面元素的新表达方式,包括对大众用户所熟知的一些元素进行更新的重新诠释。文化记忆保存了过去的知识和人类集体经验,如文本、图像、实践等,以便被当代人重新发现和再利用。这导致了一种新的界面形式的创造,在这种形式中,用户成为一个不可分割的部分,通过使用共同的记忆基金,通过涉及用户知识和经验的界面元素表现出来。这些记忆通过一种转喻的模式被带回来,其中被称为助记触发的部分,指的是整体,指的是积累经验的记忆。这样,文化记忆就构成了新元素被构建、重新诠释和更新的基础。因为所有的元素和所有的操作模式都已经存在于内存中,所以在用户界面中跳过了重新发明轮子的阶段。以模拟电位器为例,分析了文化记忆的概念,并结合一些标志性的设计产品进行了分析。在分析过程中,揭示了一个新的进化接口,连接到每个产品的特定时期的技术。这些因素已经并将继续影响新界面的开发,构成了新界面构建的基础,通过与新兴技术和最近的科学发现同步,新界面可能成为未来的潜在界面。
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引用次数: 0
Theatrical Research and the Limits of Interdisciplinarity 戏剧研究与跨学科的局限
Pub Date : 2020-12-31 DOI: 10.2478/9788366675193-006
Călin Ciobotari
: The present study aims to abandon the unconditional excitement related to interdisciplinarity and highlight a series of limits and risks proposed by the interdisciplinary methods, as those limits and risks reflect themselves in the research of the theatre field. We are concerned, inter alia, by the different attitudes towards interdisciplinarity, as can be seen in the Western space - much more reserved, cautious – compared to the Eastern one, where we seem to witness a glorious time for the concept in question. We also insist on the origins of the interdisciplinary practices from the first half of the Twentieth Century and on the profound connection they have with the disappearance of the systemic philosophies and with the development of scientism. The study offers a series of examples which, as a Ph.D. coordinator, one considers relevant for what they, ultimately, support in this matter: the necessity of a cautious, lucid, and critical attitude. The fragility of prior documentations of those who venture into other fields, the risks of becoming superficial, the dictatorship of the approximate, the temptation of the manipulation – these are only a couple of the topics we address. The conclusions also refer to the imperative to not lose one's scientific identity, in the way that the philosopher Thomas Khun used this syntagm.
本研究旨在抛弃与跨学科相关的无条件兴奋,强调跨学科方法所带来的一系列限制和风险,因为这些限制和风险在戏剧领域的研究中有所体现。除其他外,我们对对跨学科的不同态度感到关切,这可以在西方空间看到- -比东方空间更为保守和谨慎- -在东方,我们似乎目睹了有关概念的光辉时代。我们还强调了20世纪上半叶以来跨学科实践的起源,以及它们与系统哲学的消失和科学主义的发展之间的深刻联系。这项研究提供了一系列的例子,作为一个博士协调员,一个人认为这些例子与他们最终在这个问题上支持的东西有关:谨慎、清晰和批判态度的必要性。那些冒险进入其他领域的人的先前文件的脆弱性,变得肤浅的风险,近似的独裁统治,操纵的诱惑-这些只是我们讨论的几个主题。结论还提到了不丧失科学身份的必要性,哲学家托马斯·坤(Thomas Khun)使用了这个句法。
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引用次数: 0
Characteristics Of Symphonic Jazz 交响乐爵士乐的特点
Pub Date : 2020-12-31 DOI: 10.2478/9788366675193-023
E. Campau
: The origins of symphonic jazz are a synthesis of Afro-American culture, popular music from the beginning of the 20th century and European classical music. Just like the European composers who assimilated folk melodies in creating new compositional languages in the spirit of artistic nationalism, American composers integrated the synthesis of African-American music and popular music in symphonic works, ways in which they defined a new genre - symphonic jazz. This genre was defined and promoted in the 1920s by musicians like George Gershwin and Paul Whiteman, but the interest for the confluence of jazz and classical music had been initiated by European composers, particularly French composers, at the end of 19th century. When looking at European confluent works, the influences of American music was not as substantial as in symphonic jazz, mainly because in those times European composers did not have access to live jazz music. In European confluent works there are influences of pre-jazz music, like blues and ragtime, as pentatonic scales related to the blues scale and especially specific rhythms. Symphonic Jazz used the romantic orchestra, combining also vernacular African-American instruments, or integrating in instrumentation different new effects, to suggest an image of the 20th century urban American society. Of course, some American composers found inspiration in the jazz big bands of the beginning of the 20th century, by this turning to their typical economy of instrumentation. Symphonic jazz works are usually presented in classical or romantic ample forms, which contain smaller forms, inspired by the typical American song form or blues form. This genre had a big impact in creating the idea of musical modernism, by combining subcultural music with classical music.
交响爵士乐的起源是美国黑人文化、20世纪初的流行音乐和欧洲古典音乐的综合。就像欧洲作曲家在艺术民族主义的精神中吸收民间旋律创造新的作曲语言一样,美国作曲家将非洲裔美国人音乐和流行音乐的合成融入到交响乐作品中,并通过这种方式定义了一种新的类型-交响爵士乐。20世纪20年代,乔治·格什温(George Gershwin)和保罗·怀特曼(Paul Whiteman)等音乐家定义并推动了这一流派的发展,但对爵士乐和古典音乐融合的兴趣是由欧洲作曲家,特别是法国作曲家在19世纪末发起的。当看到欧洲融合的作品时,美国音乐的影响并不像交响乐爵士乐那样重要,主要是因为当时欧洲作曲家没有机会接触到现场爵士乐。在欧洲的融合作品中,有前爵士音乐的影响,如蓝调和拉格泰姆,作为与蓝调音阶相关的五声音阶,特别是特定的节奏。交响爵士乐采用浪漫的管弦乐队,结合了非洲裔美国人的本土乐器,或在乐器中融入了不同的新效果,以暗示20世纪美国城市社会的形象。当然,一些美国作曲家在20世纪初的爵士大乐队中找到了灵感,通过转向他们典型的乐器经济。交响乐爵士乐作品通常以古典或浪漫的形式呈现,其中包含较小的形式,灵感来自典型的美国歌曲形式或布鲁斯形式。这种流派通过将亚文化音乐与古典音乐相结合,对创造音乐现代主义的概念产生了重大影响。
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引用次数: 0
Samuel Beckett And The Temptation Of Direction 塞缪尔·贝克特和方向的诱惑
Pub Date : 2020-12-31 DOI: 10.2478/9788366675193-013
Alexandra Bandac
: Samuel Beckett remains in the history of literature as one of the most important creators of the XXth century. His work, streched over more than six decades, surprises the reader through his permanent stylisation of form, from the vast intertextualities in his early novels and nuvelas to the language essentialization, the characters synthesis and the structural economy which we find in his later works. In our cultural memory remai, still current and widely known, his plays, of which Martin Esslin said in 1960 that they uncover a new type of theatre, a theatre of the absurd. Indeed, Beckett’s plays contradict, up to a point, the scenic `canon` of those times and propose an universe in which the character is no longer a prisoner of the relevant biography, tributary to the Stanislavskian inheritance. However, in this study we are interested in understanding how Beckett’s plays are influenced by his scenic experience, because, starting with the late 60s, he directs his own texts in some European theaters. This step is a defining one, in our opinion, because working directly with actors changes and reflects in his late work both in theatre and prose.
当前位置塞缪尔·贝克特作为20世纪最重要的作家之一留在了文学史上。他的作品延续了六十多年,从他早期小说和新velas中大量的互文性到我们在他后期作品中发现的语言本质化、人物综合和结构经济,他的作品通过他永久的形式风格给读者带来了惊喜。在我们的文化记忆中,他的戏剧仍然存在,仍然流行,并且广为人知,马丁·埃斯林在1960年说,他们发现了一种新的戏剧类型,一种荒谬的戏剧。的确,贝克特的戏剧在一定程度上与当时的风景“经典”相矛盾,并提出了一个宇宙,在这个宇宙中,人物不再是相关传记的囚徒,而是斯坦尼斯拉夫斯基遗产的贡献者。然而,在这项研究中,我们感兴趣的是了解贝克特的戏剧是如何受到他的风景经历的影响的,因为从60年代末开始,他在一些欧洲剧院执导了自己的剧本。在我们看来,这一步是决定性的一步,因为直接与演员合作的变化反映在他后期的戏剧和散文作品中。
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引用次数: 0
Feedback Effect And Its Applications In The Art Of Stage Speech 反馈效应及其在舞台演讲艺术中的应用
Pub Date : 2020-12-31 DOI: 10.2478/9788366675193-008
M. Costea
: It is known that any effect is generated by a cause. The feedback effect, or inverse connection, is that physical phenomenon by which the effect returns to the cause that produced it, changing its initial parameters. For this phenomenon to occur, it is necessary to have a feedback circuit that returns the signal. A simple example of this is learning from mistakes. In our case, we will refer to the pronunciation of the stage text and the importance of the feedback effect in correcting and the actor's progress in interpreting the text from one repetition to another. Every mistake made by a man can correct his behavior, if he realizes the mistake he made. Thus, his partially wrong actions, however, bring him closer step by step, to the goal originally proposed. In this sense, we will deal with the feedback effect and its applications in the art of stage speech and will review the study and applicability of the feedback phenomenon in the art of theater in general. The set voice, specific to the stage speech technique, the support of the voice on the diaphragm during phonation, the permanent control of intonation and breathing, the multitude of interactions to which the actor is subjected on stage, his progress, on the contrary, vocal regression, student interaction in stage speech art and his teacher, all are possible due to the reverse connection effect. All reaction circuits are made in this case through the central nervous system. and persevering the speech, of the of the phonatory apparatus, of all kinds of interactions, which appear in the art of theater performance or in the of
众所周知,任何结果都是由原因产生的。反馈效应或逆联系是一种物理现象,通过这种现象,结果返回到产生它的原因,改变其初始参数。为了使这种现象发生,必须有一个反馈电路来返回信号。一个简单的例子就是从错误中学习。在我们的案例中,我们将参考舞台文本的发音和反馈效应在纠正中的重要性,以及演员在一次重复到另一次重复中解释文本的进步。一个人所犯的每一个错误都是可以改正的,如果他意识到他所犯的错误的话。因此,他的部分错误的行为,然而,使他一步步接近最初提出的目标。在这个意义上,我们将讨论反馈效应及其在舞台演讲艺术中的应用,并从总体上回顾反馈现象在戏剧艺术中的研究和适用性。固定的声音,具体到舞台演讲技巧,发声时声音对横膈膜的支撑,对语调和呼吸的永久控制,演员在舞台上受到的众多互动,他的进步,相反,声音的退步,学生在舞台演讲艺术中与老师的互动,都是由于反向连接效应而成为可能的。在这种情况下,所有的反应回路都是通过中枢神经系统产生的。坚持说话,坚持发音器官,坚持各种各样的互动,这些都出现在戏剧表演艺术中,或者是
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引用次数: 0
Clow-Related Items Inserted In The Romanian Shows 罗马尼亚节目中插入的小丑相关物品
Pub Date : 2020-12-31 DOI: 10.2478/9788366675193-011
Ivona Lucan
Abtract : The present research is designed to identify the clown-related items inserted in several theater performances by Romanian directors. We started with the clown term and we tried to establish the nuances it has, helping us with some definitions, then moving the focus to some landmark representations, where the position of the clown is associated with its "classic" animator status, with the theater and theatricality. The set ups we refer to are: Hamlet (set up under the signature of different directings: Liviu Ciulei, Vlad Mugur, Tompa Gábor, Victor Ioan Frunză), Why the Child Is Cooking in the Polenta , Three sisters , Iov's butcher's shop , Wolfgang (directed by Radu Afrim), The Cherry Orchard (directed by Vlad Mugur), Death of a Salesman (directed by Claudiu Goga), The Good Person of Szechwan , Carousel , Richard III (directed by Andrei Șerban), Ubu Rex with scenes from Macbeth , Danaidele , The cafe , Exit the King (directed by Silviu Purcărete), Night of the Buffoons (directed by Alexa Visarion) etc.
摘要:本研究旨在识别罗马尼亚导演在几部戏剧表演中插入的小丑相关项目。我们从小丑这个术语开始,试图建立它所具有的细微差别,帮助我们定义一些定义,然后将焦点转移到一些具有里程碑意义的表征上,在这些表征中,小丑的位置与它的“经典”动画师地位、戏剧和戏剧性联系在一起。我们所指的布景是:《哈姆雷特》(在不同导演的签名下设置);利维乌·丘莱、弗拉德·穆古尔、汤帕Gábor、维克多·伊安·弗伦兹雷、《为什么孩子在煮玉米》、《三姐妹》、《爱夫的肉店》、《沃尔夫冈》(导演拉杜·阿夫林)、《樱桃果园》(导演弗拉德·穆古尔)、《商人之死》(导演克劳迪·戈加)、《四川的好男人》、《旋转马车》、《理查三世》(导演安德烈Șerban)、《乌布·雷克斯》(《麦克白》、《达纳黛尔》、《咖啡馆》、《国王退场》(导演西尔维乌·普切尔雷特)、《小丑之夜》(由Alexa Visarion导演)等。
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引用次数: 0
Clown-Inspired Elements Present In Everyday Clothing 小丑元素出现在日常服装中
Pub Date : 2020-12-31 DOI: 10.2478/9788366675193-010
A. Pușcașu
: Whether he appears on the theater stage, in the circus arena or on-screen, the clown attracts the eyes of those around him due to his specific costume. Easily recognizable by color, shape or unconventional combinations of clothing items, the clown has become a source of inspiration for fashion lovers, designers or consumers.
无论是在戏剧舞台上,还是在马戏舞台上,还是在银幕上,小丑都因其独特的服装而吸引着周围人的目光。很容易通过颜色、形状或非传统的服装组合来识别,小丑已经成为时尚爱好者、设计师或消费者的灵感来源。
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引用次数: 0
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