The Oxford Handbook of Economic Imperialism最新文献

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South Asian Economies in Two Imperialist Regimes between 1950 and 2020 1950年至2020年间两个帝国主义政权下的南亚经济

The Oxford Handbook of Economic Imperialism

Pub Date : 2022-02-14 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780197527085.013.32

V. Vakulabharanam

The South Asian region experienced a steep economic decline during the period 1750–1950. This was primarily due to British Colonial rule that transformed this region from a vibrant production hub to a source of raw materials, a tribute paying region, and a market for manufactured goods from Britain. Between 1950 and 1980, the newly independent nations that constituted the region of South Asia implemented import substitution industrialization (ISI) policies that tried to reduce their dependence on imperialist powers. During this period, the South Asian share in the global economy declined. Between 1980 and 2020, as the imperialist countries moved from a regulated economic order to a more laissez-faire one, many of the South Asian economies were restructured towards becoming more open, more private, and more market oriented. The workforce that was educated during the 1950–1980 period became a source of cheap labour power for global corporations. At the same time, less educated workforce became available for labour-intensive exports to the imperialist countries. Many of these South Asian economies have also become suppliers of cheap raw materials and primary produce for imperialist countries as well as emerging economic powerhouses like China. During this period, interestingly, the share in the global GDP of South Asian economies increased. This chapter contrasts the two imperialist phases after 1950 and show how relations of dependence of South Asian economies with the imperialist countries have been perpetuated differently during these phases.

南亚地区在1750-1950年期间经历了一次急剧的经济衰退。这主要是由于英国的殖民统治将这个地区从一个充满活力的生产中心转变为原材料来源，一个进贡地区和英国制成品的市场。1950年至1980年间，构成南亚地区的新独立国家实施了进口替代工业化(ISI)政策，试图减少对帝国主义列强的依赖。在此期间，南亚在全球经济中的份额下降。1980年至2020年间，随着帝国主义国家从受管制的经济秩序转向更加自由放任的经济秩序，许多南亚经济体进行了重组，变得更加开放、更加私人、更加以市场为导向。在1950年至1980年期间受过教育的劳动力成为全球公司的廉价劳动力来源。与此同时，受教育程度较低的劳动力可以用于向帝国主义国家出口劳动密集型产品。许多南亚经济体也成为帝国主义国家以及中国等新兴经济强国的廉价原材料和初级产品的供应国。在此期间，有趣的是，南亚经济体在全球国内生产总值中所占的份额有所增加。本章对比了1950年后的两个帝国主义阶段，并展示了南亚经济与帝国主义国家的依赖关系在这些阶段是如何以不同的方式延续下去的。

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