Pub Date : 1962-09-01DOI: 10.1109/THFE2.1962.4503342
L. Stark, G. Vossius, L. Young
A simple instrument for measurement of eye movements has permitted demonstration of the fact that changing the characteristics of the target-position signal has important effects on the nature of the biological servomechanism controlling the movements. In particular, there is an adaptive predictor that allows the system to overcome its innate delays upon exposure to a regular input pattern.
{"title":"Predictive Control of Eye Tracking Movements","authors":"L. Stark, G. Vossius, L. Young","doi":"10.1109/THFE2.1962.4503342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/THFE2.1962.4503342","url":null,"abstract":"A simple instrument for measurement of eye movements has permitted demonstration of the fact that changing the characteristics of the target-position signal has important effects on the nature of the biological servomechanism controlling the movements. In particular, there is an adaptive predictor that allows the system to overcome its innate delays upon exposure to a regular input pattern.","PeriodicalId":410568,"journal":{"name":"Ire Transactions on Human Factors in Electronics","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1962-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121869368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1962-09-01DOI: 10.1109/THFE2.1962.4503341
G. Bekey
A sampled-data model of the human operator in compensatory tracking is proposed. The model assumes that the operator's behavior is characterized by sampling, data reconstruction and extrapolation operations. The spectral characteristics of the new model are presented.
{"title":"The Human Operator as a Sampled-Data System","authors":"G. Bekey","doi":"10.1109/THFE2.1962.4503341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/THFE2.1962.4503341","url":null,"abstract":"A sampled-data model of the human operator in compensatory tracking is proposed. The model assumes that the operator's behavior is characterized by sampling, data reconstruction and extrapolation operations. The spectral characteristics of the new model are presented.","PeriodicalId":410568,"journal":{"name":"Ire Transactions on Human Factors in Electronics","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1962-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128945335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1962-09-01DOI: 10.1109/THFE2.1962.4503345
R. D. Kroning
{"title":"Comment on \"Evaluation of Trouble-Shooting Overlay Designs\"","authors":"R. D. Kroning","doi":"10.1109/THFE2.1962.4503345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/THFE2.1962.4503345","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":410568,"journal":{"name":"Ire Transactions on Human Factors in Electronics","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1962-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130206049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1962-09-01DOI: 10.1109/THFE2.1962.4503344
J. Masterson, R. S. Hirsch
A scanner and optical system were constructed to recognize handwritten arabic numerals. The paper describes the scanning technique, its associated optical system, the logic design and the results of a study evaluating the ability of a group of subjects to write arabic numbers within the specified constraints of the system.
{"title":"Machine Recognition of Constrained Handwritten Arabic Numbers","authors":"J. Masterson, R. S. Hirsch","doi":"10.1109/THFE2.1962.4503344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/THFE2.1962.4503344","url":null,"abstract":"A scanner and optical system were constructed to recognize handwritten arabic numerals. The paper describes the scanning technique, its associated optical system, the logic design and the results of a study evaluating the ability of a group of subjects to write arabic numbers within the specified constraints of the system.","PeriodicalId":410568,"journal":{"name":"Ire Transactions on Human Factors in Electronics","volume":"40 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1962-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129556507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1962-09-01DOI: 10.1109/THFE2.1962.4503340
H. Ratz, G. Thomas
The performance of human operators in a problem-solving situation calling for both inductive and deductive inference was investigated experimentally. The subjects were required to find a common solution to several logical statements whose structure was completely unknown to them. The subjects were required to keep a written record but otherwise the data available at any stage was incomplete. The experimental evidence shows that human operators did better than would be expected on the basis of objective deduction only and that this gain in performance was related to a general measure of redundancy in the problems.
{"title":"Decision Making in Problems Utilizing Inductive and Deductive Inference","authors":"H. Ratz, G. Thomas","doi":"10.1109/THFE2.1962.4503340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/THFE2.1962.4503340","url":null,"abstract":"The performance of human operators in a problem-solving situation calling for both inductive and deductive inference was investigated experimentally. The subjects were required to find a common solution to several logical statements whose structure was completely unknown to them. The subjects were required to keep a written record but otherwise the data available at any stage was incomplete. The experimental evidence shows that human operators did better than would be expected on the basis of objective deduction only and that this gain in performance was related to a general measure of redundancy in the problems.","PeriodicalId":410568,"journal":{"name":"Ire Transactions on Human Factors in Electronics","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1962-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129396010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1962-09-01DOI: 10.1109/THFE2.1962.4503343
R. Besco, D. K. Bauerschmidt, C. S. McElwain
A study was conducted to determine the effects of the distribution of the moments-of-inertia of space vehicles on the ability of crew members to stabilize the attitude of tumbling space vehicles. Five pilot-engineers performed a stabilization task on a fixed-base manned space vehicle simulator which was mechanized to provide three degrees of angular freedom. Five space-vehicle configurations were investigated under two conditions of displayed information content. Results indicated that certain vehicle shapes or configurations are more difficult to control and are more dependent on the amount of displayed information for efficient control. Implications of the findings are presented for future design of manually controlled space vehicles.
{"title":"Studies of Manual Attitude Control - the Effect of Space Vehicle Configuration","authors":"R. Besco, D. K. Bauerschmidt, C. S. McElwain","doi":"10.1109/THFE2.1962.4503343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/THFE2.1962.4503343","url":null,"abstract":"A study was conducted to determine the effects of the distribution of the moments-of-inertia of space vehicles on the ability of crew members to stabilize the attitude of tumbling space vehicles. Five pilot-engineers performed a stabilization task on a fixed-base manned space vehicle simulator which was mechanized to provide three degrees of angular freedom. Five space-vehicle configurations were investigated under two conditions of displayed information content. Results indicated that certain vehicle shapes or configurations are more difficult to control and are more dependent on the amount of displayed information for efficient control. Implications of the findings are presented for future design of manually controlled space vehicles.","PeriodicalId":410568,"journal":{"name":"Ire Transactions on Human Factors in Electronics","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1962-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124308583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1962-03-01DOI: 10.1109/thfe2.1962.4503328
H. Weiss
This paper reviews some of the proposals for arms control which have been in the past. It is shown that although some progress has been made in indicating means for reducing the effects of some of the peripheral causes of war, no plausible solution has yet been discovered for the central problem. Even the definition of the objectives which should be set for an arms control process is obscure. A brief review of the statistical incidence of war by magnitude and severity indicates that the trend to large wars of increasing severity has existed for almost a hundred years, culminating in the availability of nuclear weapons. A recognition of the possible consequences of this trend, intensified by the knowledge of the capabilities of nuclear weapons, has produced the current growing effort to understand the problem and to find acceptable arms controls.
{"title":"Arms Control","authors":"H. Weiss","doi":"10.1109/thfe2.1962.4503328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/thfe2.1962.4503328","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reviews some of the proposals for arms control which have been in the past. It is shown that although some progress has been made in indicating means for reducing the effects of some of the peripheral causes of war, no plausible solution has yet been discovered for the central problem. Even the definition of the objectives which should be set for an arms control process is obscure. A brief review of the statistical incidence of war by magnitude and severity indicates that the trend to large wars of increasing severity has existed for almost a hundred years, culminating in the availability of nuclear weapons. A recognition of the possible consequences of this trend, intensified by the knowledge of the capabilities of nuclear weapons, has produced the current growing effort to understand the problem and to find acceptable arms controls.","PeriodicalId":410568,"journal":{"name":"Ire Transactions on Human Factors in Electronics","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1962-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114217549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1962-03-01DOI: 10.1109/THFE2.1962.4503329
R. T. Mitchell, R. R. Mitchell
Short-wavelength illuminants of a blue color are used in lighting SAGE and other military operations rooms in which dim cathode-ray tubes are the primary visual source of information. This study investigated the effect of such lighting on the operator's visual acuity in the performance of secondary visual tasks.
{"title":"Visual Acuity under Blue Illumination","authors":"R. T. Mitchell, R. R. Mitchell","doi":"10.1109/THFE2.1962.4503329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/THFE2.1962.4503329","url":null,"abstract":"Short-wavelength illuminants of a blue color are used in lighting SAGE and other military operations rooms in which dim cathode-ray tubes are the primary visual source of information. This study investigated the effect of such lighting on the operator's visual acuity in the performance of secondary visual tasks.","PeriodicalId":410568,"journal":{"name":"Ire Transactions on Human Factors in Electronics","volume":"157 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1962-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127631745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1962-03-01DOI: 10.1109/THFE2.1962.4503331
G. Greenberg, S. Greenberg, E. Bennett
Samples of data generated by the coding scheme now being used by the military to collect statistics on equipment malfunction were analyzed by psycholinguistic means. Frequency-to-rank distributions plotted on logarithmic coordinates were compared with Zipf's generalization and were found to be markedly aberrant. It is deemed likely that this reflects a lack of sufficient feedback from the users of malfunction data to those who report the data and to those who are responsible for the design of the coding scheme.
{"title":"Relative Frequency Analysis to Assess Communication Feedback in a Malfunction-Coding Scheme","authors":"G. Greenberg, S. Greenberg, E. Bennett","doi":"10.1109/THFE2.1962.4503331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/THFE2.1962.4503331","url":null,"abstract":"Samples of data generated by the coding scheme now being used by the military to collect statistics on equipment malfunction were analyzed by psycholinguistic means. Frequency-to-rank distributions plotted on logarithmic coordinates were compared with Zipf's generalization and were found to be markedly aberrant. It is deemed likely that this reflects a lack of sufficient feedback from the users of malfunction data to those who report the data and to those who are responsible for the design of the coding scheme.","PeriodicalId":410568,"journal":{"name":"Ire Transactions on Human Factors in Electronics","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1962-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125862607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1962-03-01DOI: 10.1109/THFE2.1962.4503332
R. Thomas, A. B. Pritsker
A stochastic equation is used to generate a sequence of pointer positions on a voltmeter dial. The successive positions are characterized by a ``drift'' parameter and a ``noise'' parameter. The voltmeter dial also shows a pair of symmetrical tolerances. A subject and a machine share the task of maintaining the pointer within the tolerances. The task is accomplished by repetitively asking and answering three questions: 1) Is the pointer now within the specified tolerances?, 2) If not, what corrective action is appropriate?, and 3) Was the preceding corrective action effective in maintaining control over the pointer?
{"title":"Decision Programming: A Model of Man-Machine Control","authors":"R. Thomas, A. B. Pritsker","doi":"10.1109/THFE2.1962.4503332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/THFE2.1962.4503332","url":null,"abstract":"A stochastic equation is used to generate a sequence of pointer positions on a voltmeter dial. The successive positions are characterized by a ``drift'' parameter and a ``noise'' parameter. The voltmeter dial also shows a pair of symmetrical tolerances. A subject and a machine share the task of maintaining the pointer within the tolerances. The task is accomplished by repetitively asking and answering three questions: 1) Is the pointer now within the specified tolerances?, 2) If not, what corrective action is appropriate?, and 3) Was the preceding corrective action effective in maintaining control over the pointer?","PeriodicalId":410568,"journal":{"name":"Ire Transactions on Human Factors in Electronics","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1962-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130021989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：