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The Effect of Point Emitter Geometric Parameters on Dustfall 点辐射源几何参数对降尘的影响
IF 0.4 Q3 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2016-12-01 DOI: 10.1515/cdem-2016-0007
M. Wierzbińska
Abstract In this paper, the modeling results are presented of point emitter geometric parameters determining the dispersion of dust pollution in the atmospheric air and finally also dustfall. The parameters include: the height and diameter of the emitter. Using the maps generated by “Ek100w” programme of Atmoterm company from Opole, Poland, an analysis of the PM10 dustfall value distribution on the analyzed area has been made. Fraction of dust - PM10 - was emitted from emitters of various working parameters. Three situations were analyzed: emission from a one-family (detached) building, from and industrial plant and from a power plant. Different heights and diameters for the above cases were analyzed. What results from the work, is that the mentioned parameters have a significant influence on the value of dustfall on the area surface at different distances from the emitter. With the increase of the height and diameter of the emitter, the values of dustfall decrease. The distance of the maximal values occurrence also increases. Results of similar analysis and available tools allow to design emission in practice, and thus allow a maximal limitation of ambient concentration of pollution and dustfall in areas especially exposed to industrial and superficial emission.
摘要本文给出了点辐射源几何参数的建模结果,这些几何参数决定了大气中粉尘污染的扩散,并最终决定了降尘量。参数包括:发射器的高度和直径。利用波兰奥波莱大气公司“Ek100w”项目生成的地图,对分析区域内PM10降尘量的分布进行了分析。在不同的工作参数下,排放出粉尘PM10。分析了三种情况:单户(独立)建筑的排放、工业厂房的排放和发电厂的排放。分析了不同高度和直径对上述情况的影响。研究结果表明,上述参数对距离发射器不同距离的区域表面降尘量有显著影响。随着发射极高度和直径的增大,降尘量减小。最大值出现的距离也会增加。类似分析的结果和现有的工具允许在实践中设计排放,从而允许在特别暴露于工业和浅层排放的地区最大限度地限制环境污染浓度和降尘。
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引用次数: 4
Application of REACH and LCA System’s to the Materials Formed in the Production of Mineral Wool REACH和LCA系统在矿棉生产中形成的物料中的应用
IF 0.4 Q3 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2016-12-01 DOI: 10.1515/cdem-2016-0011
Z. Adamczyk, A. Harat, A. Grmela
Abstract The article analyses the application of two management systems - REACH directive and ISO 14040 (Life Cycle Assessment - LCA) with reference to the technological process as well as by-products of mineral wool production. It characterizes basic differences between the norms discussed, i.e. the strict formalization of REACH, which results in the analysis being conducted according to a precisely defined scheme, or the subjective character of LCA, which makes it possible to take into account the most important environmental aspects pertaining to the entire life cycle of a particular product. The discussion provides a basis for formulating the general conclusion that the classification criteria encompassed by REACH regulations do not allow for a complex analysis of the negative environmental impact of a particular substance (preparation, product) and should be complemented with elements of LCA analysis.
摘要本文结合矿棉生产的工艺过程和副产品,分析了REACH指令和ISO 14040(生命周期评价- LCA)两种管理体系的应用。它描述了所讨论的规范之间的基本差异,即REACH的严格形式化,这导致根据精确定义的方案进行分析,或者LCA的主观特征,这使得有可能考虑到与特定产品的整个生命周期有关的最重要的环境方面。讨论为制定一般结论提供了基础,即REACH法规所包含的分类标准不允许对特定物质(制剂、产品)的负面环境影响进行复杂的分析,并且应该与LCA分析的元素相补充。
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引用次数: 1
Photocatalytic Coatings - Promising Way to Improve a Quality of Urban Building Surfaces 光催化涂层——提高城市建筑表面质量的一种有前途的方法
IF 0.4 Q3 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2015-12-01 DOI: 10.1515/cdem-2015-0012
T. Sázavská, J. Šubrt, M. Jakubíčková, F. Peterka
Abstract With the increasing air pollutants particularly in the cities the deteriorating conditions of the buildings accelerate. One of the non-invasive and cheap promising ways how to prevent the buildings against the aged processes caused by biological pollutants or smog exhalation is the innovation of suitable photocatalytic coatings. This work focuses on the characterization of prepared photocatalytic nanocomposite TiO2-SiO2 system to be applied on the building objects in order to improve a quality of their surfaces. The structure and the texture characterization of prepared nanocomposite were determined by electron microscopy (SEM, TEM + EDS). The photocatalytic activity of the composite was determined considering the self-cleaning ability and the antibacterial activity. For self-cleaning characterization the methylene blue degradation was measured. These self-cleaning properties were tested on the various types of supports, which are commonly used in the building facades. To estimate antibacterial and biocidal activity the Gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli and the gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus were used. Both methods were done according to standard ISO tests. Next to the laboratory testing the application of the composite under the real condition was implemented. There were treated parts of the concrete outside wall with the composite and after more than one year the colour changed analysis of the wall surface was characterized.
随着城市空气污染的日益严重,建筑物的老化状况也在加速。一种非侵入性的、廉价的、有前景的防止建筑物因生物污染物或烟雾排放而老化的方法是创新合适的光催化涂层。本研究的重点是表征制备的光催化TiO2-SiO2纳米复合材料体系,该体系将应用于建筑物体,以提高其表面质量。利用电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)和能谱仪(EDS)对制备的纳米复合材料的结构和织构进行了表征。从自清洁能力和抗菌活性两方面考察了复合材料的光催化活性。测定了亚甲基蓝的自清洁性能。这些自清洁性能在各种类型的支撑上进行了测试,这些支撑通常用于建筑立面。用革兰氏阴性菌大肠杆菌和革兰氏阳性菌金黄色葡萄球菌测定其抗菌和杀生物活性。两种方法均按ISO标准测试完成。在实验室测试的基础上,实现了复合材料在实际条件下的应用。用复合材料处理过的混凝土外墙部分,经过一年多的时间,对墙体表面的颜色变化进行了分析。
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引用次数: 3
Use of the ImageJ Program to Assess the Damage of Plants By Snails 利用ImageJ程序评估蜗牛对植物的危害
IF 0.4 Q3 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2015-12-01 DOI: 10.1515/cdem-2015-0007
M. Stawarczyk, K. Stawarczyk
Abstract Laboratory tests using image analysis are one of the types of experimental methods in plant protection. They are used in the evaluation of crop damage by pests, also useful in testing the effectiveness of active substances of plant protection products. The most popular of these analyses are the so called “circular tests”, comprising in administering to the insects and snails the fragments of leaves and measuring the amount of consumed surface. The paper presents a method of analysis of damage to lettuce leaves using ImageJ application. The way of presenting the results was also proposed. This procedure can be used in various analyses of biological sciences and evaluating the dietary preferences of pests. Access to the application ImageJ is free, and flexible configuration allows for any setting parameters of the program, the opportunity to work in different environments and low system requirements allow you to make many accurate measurements in a short time without the need to purchase expensive specialized hardware.
利用图像分析技术进行实验室检测是植物保护实验方法的一种。它们用于评估害虫对作物的危害,也可用于测试植物保护产品中活性物质的有效性。这些分析中最流行的是所谓的“循环试验”,包括在给昆虫和蜗牛施用树叶碎片和测量消耗表面的量。本文介绍了一种利用ImageJ软件对生菜叶片危害进行分析的方法。并对结果的呈现方式提出了建议。该程序可用于各种生物科学分析和评估害虫的饮食偏好。ImageJ应用程序的访问是免费的,灵活的配置允许对程序的任何参数进行设置,在不同环境中工作的机会和较低的系统要求使您能够在短时间内进行许多精确的测量,而无需购买昂贵的专用硬件。
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引用次数: 6
Ponds Syrenie Stawy in Szczecin - Changes of Selected Water Quality Chemical Indices 什切青地区池塘水质化学指标的变化
IF 0.4 Q3 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2015-12-01 DOI: 10.1515/cdem-2015-0009
G. Poleszczuk, Tymoteusz Miller, Małgorzata Tokarz
Abstract The possibility of using - to a wider inference - water quality test results of stream Osowka flowing through ponds Syrenie Stawy in Szczecin (NW-Poland) - in particular the concentration of dissolved oxygen (DO), electrical conductivity (EC) and the total concentrations of nitrogen (TN) and phosphorus (TP) - conducted in the years 1994 to 2014 was analyzed. The examined indices were classified according to Official Standards currently in force in Poland. Changes of water quality as it flows through the ponds were identified. Multivariate linear regression equations were calculated, endearing statistically significant relationship between successive test indicators (yi) and other indices (xi) and deadlines for measurement periods (Ti) has been made. This allowed in general to characterize water quality, determine the quality changes along the path of flow through ponds and discern what processes biohydrogeochemical within the ecosystem changes affected their quality.
摘要:本文分析了1994年至2014年通过Szczecin (nw -波兰)Syrenie Stawy池塘的Osowka河水质测试结果的可能性,特别是溶解氧(DO)浓度、电导率(EC)和氮(TN)和磷(TP)总浓度。所检查的指数是根据波兰现行的官方标准进行分类的。确定了流经池塘的水质变化。计算多元线性回归方程,得出连续试验指标(yi)与其他指标(xi)与测量周期截止日期(Ti)之间存在统计学显著关系。总的来说,这可以描述水质特征,确定流经池塘的水流路径的质量变化,并辨别生态系统变化中的生物水文地球化学过程影响其质量。
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引用次数: 1
Functional Traits and Plasticity of Plants in Ecological Research and Education 生态学研究与教育中的植物功能性状与可塑性
IF 0.4 Q3 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2015-12-01 DOI: 10.1515/cdem-2015-0006
E. Masarovičová, M. Májeková, I. Vykouková
Abstract Plant functional traits are any morphological, physiological and phenological features, which indirectly affect plant fitness through their three basic components of plant individual performance - growth, reproduction and survival. These features represent also a keystone for plant functional groups, which are similar in three aspects - function on the level of organism, response to environmental factors and effect on ecosystems. Functional approach in ecology and vegetation study enables to evaluate plant communities on the base of species function in a community, and to relate functional structure of plant communities to particular environmental gradients. Species plasticity has many aspects that mirror species adaptations to the environmental conditions and which then also translate into functional structuring of plant communities. This approach is thus a novel and exciting mode how to carry on plant ecology, both in research and education at universities.
植物功能性状是指通过植物生长、繁殖和存活三个基本组成部分间接影响植物适应性的形态、生理和物候特征。这些特征也代表了植物功能群的基础,植物功能群在生物层面上的功能、对环境因子的响应和对生态系统的影响三个方面具有相似性。生态学和植被研究中的功能方法能够在群落物种功能的基础上对植物群落进行评价,并将植物群落的功能结构与特定的环境梯度联系起来。物种可塑性在许多方面反映了物种对环境条件的适应,然后也转化为植物群落的功能结构。因此,这种方法是一种新颖而令人兴奋的模式,如何在大学的研究和教育中进行植物生态学。
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引用次数: 4
The Content of Lead, Cadmium and Mercury in Sediments from Rainwater Reservoirs Situated Along the National Road 4 4号国道沿线雨水蓄水池沉积物中铅、镉、汞的含量
IF 0.4 Q3 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2015-12-01 DOI: 10.1515/cdem-2015-0008
M. Niemiec
Abstract The paper aimed at determining the pollution level of sediments collected from reservoirs receiving rainwater. The sediments were sampled from11 reservoirs on three dates: in May 2007, in April 2008 and in June 2008 in the following localities: Sulkow, Biskupice, Bodzanow and Suchoraba situated at a distance of ca 15 from each other. The contents of lead, cadmium, mercury and organic matter were assessed in the sediments. Lead content in the analysed sediments ranged from 9.87 to 61 mg · kg−2 with average for all samples 28.08 mg · kg−1. Mean cadmium concentration in the studied sediments was 0.637 mg · kg−1 and fluctuated from 0.20 to 1.58 mg Cd · kg−1. The quantities of mercury assessed in the sediments from rainwater reservoirs ranged from 0.337 to 0.864 mg · kg−1. Considerable differences between studied metal concentrations were assessed among the studied reservoirs, however the trends of differences were similar at each sampling. Generally, the levels of cadmium and mercury assessed in the analyzed sediments were comparable to the sediments from urbanized areas of various cities in the world, whereas lead level in the sediments of the analysed reservoirs was generally much lower than reported for similar materials in literature. Regularly decreasing contents of all elements with growing distance from the Krakow agglomeration was noted. The reservoir situated closest to Krakow, in Sulkow is located 7 km from the city boundaries and borders on Wieliczka town, whereas the reservoir in Suchoraba is located 17 km from Krakow. At this distance metal concentrations in the sediments from rainwater reservoirs were diminishing several times, which suggests considerable effect of urban pollution on metal level in these sediments.
摘要:本文旨在确定蓄水池收集的雨水沉积物的污染程度。沉积物分别于2007年5月、2008年4月和2008年6月从以下地点的11个水库中取样:Sulkow、Biskupice、Bodzanow和Suchoraba,它们彼此之间的距离约为15。测定了沉积物中铅、镉、汞和有机物的含量。沉积物中铅含量为9.87 ~ 61 mg·kg - 2,所有样品的平均值为28.08 mg·kg - 1。沉积物中镉的平均浓度为0.637 mg·kg - 1,在0.20 ~ 1.58 mg Cd·kg - 1之间波动。雨水水库沉积物中汞含量为0.337 ~ 0.864 mg·kg−1。在研究的储层之间评估了所研究的金属浓度之间的相当大的差异,但是在每个采样中差异的趋势是相似的。一般来说,所分析沉积物中镉和汞的含量与世界上各城市城市化地区的沉积物相当,而所分析水库沉积物中的铅含量通常远低于文献中类似材料的报道。注意到所有元素的含量随距离克拉科夫聚集地的增加而规律性地减少。水库位于最靠近克拉科夫的Sulkow,距离城市边界和Wieliczka镇边界7公里,而位于Suchoraba的水库距离克拉科夫17公里。在这个距离上,雨水水库沉积物中的金属浓度下降了几倍,这表明城市污染对这些沉积物中的金属水平有相当大的影响。
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引用次数: 2
Q-Methodology Study of Students Behaviour During Project-Based Learning 项目式学习中学生行为的q -方法论研究
IF 0.4 Q3 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2015-12-01 DOI: 10.1515/cdem-2015-0004
G. Németh, Miroslav Prokša
Abstract The contribution describes the circumstances of the implementation of a chemistry project with the main theme “Chemical show - Harry Potter”. Project-based learning belongs between the complex teaching methods, where the desired effect can be influenced by many factors, eg student’s attitude, student’s overall opinion and feelings about the method. The motivation of the researchers was to understand and evaluate the factors present in the realised project. The analysed factors and behavioural schemes can provide a good starting point for the teachers at planning their projects. With the aim to understand the students’ reaction the researchers used Q-methodology to identify the different behavioural groups of participating students based on their real opinion. In the presented research the researchers analyse the response of totally 26 students. As a result totally 6 behavioural examples are presented that teachers can meet during implementation of project based learning. The presented categorization collaborates with other formerly publicised types of student’s behaviour, eg students of “pleasant surprises” and “disappointing surprises”. However, other additional types of behavioural types emerged eg students orienting and concentrating on the theoretical knowledge, students with very strong need for leading and students with the need of several assessment systems. The presented results can provide a wider view for the teachers in preparing and forecasting the flow of their projects and can help them to prepare the project.
摘要这篇论文描述了一个以“化学秀——哈利波特”为主题的化学项目的实施情况。基于项目的学习属于复杂的教学方法,其预期效果受许多因素的影响,例如学生的态度,学生对该方法的总体看法和感受。研究人员的动机是了解和评估实现项目中存在的因素。分析的因素和行为方案可以为教师规划他们的项目提供一个良好的起点。为了了解学生的反应,研究人员使用q -方法论根据学生的真实意见来识别不同的行为群体。在本研究中,研究人员分析了26名学生的反应。因此,总共提出了教师在实施基于项目的学习过程中可以遇到的6个行为例子。所呈现的分类与其他先前公开的学生行为类型相配合,例如“惊喜”和“失望惊喜”的学生。然而,其他额外类型的行为类型也出现了,例如以理论知识为导向和集中的学生,有很强的领导需求的学生和需要多种评估系统的学生。所呈现的结果可以为教师准备和预测其项目流程提供更广阔的视野,并可以帮助他们准备项目。
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引用次数: 0
Preliminary Studies About Knowledge and Applications of Science Mnemonics by Polish Pupils 波兰小学生科学记忆法知识及应用的初步研究
IF 0.4 Q3 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2015-12-01 DOI: 10.1515/cdem-2015-0002
K. Jurowski, A. Jurowska, M. Krzeczkowska
Abstract Mnemonic devices are specific ways, which during coding new information apply known elements for improving subsequent access to that information in the memory. Consequently, not much is known about techniques for optimizing recall performance with mnemonic devices or the suitability of using mnemonic devices in educational applications. Moreover, in literature there are a lot of examples in chemistry, biology, physics and mathematics mnemonics approaches, however in the related literature, there is a lack of current and reliable studies for this subject. In this original work we describe mnemonic methods from this point of view in the learning and teachings of science subjects. A large trumps of this article is the demonstration of the old well-known method of the learning/teaching in the new scene. This is the first article in literature that present actual data about this topic according to learning and studying the science subjects by mnemonic studies.
助记装置是一种特殊的方法,它在编码新信息的过程中应用已知的元素,以提高后续对存储器中该信息的访问。因此,人们对利用助记器优化记忆性能的技术以及在教育应用中使用助记器的适用性知之甚少。此外,在文献中有很多关于化学、生物、物理和数学助记方法的例子,但在相关文献中,缺乏当前可靠的研究。在这本原创作品中,我们从这个角度描述了记忆法在科学学科的学习和教学中的应用。本文的一大亮点是在新场景中展示了老的知名的学习/教学方法。这是文献中第一篇通过记忆法学习和研究科学科目来呈现这一主题的实际数据的文章。
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引用次数: 3
Evaluation of the Usefulness of Selected Computer Programs in the Context of Educating Students of the Environmental Engineering 环境工程专业学生教学中计算机程序的有用性评价
IF 0.4 Q3 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2015-12-01 DOI: 10.1515/cdem-2015-0003
Światosław Krzeszowski
Abstract The article presents the evaluation of usefulness of selected computer applications applied in the process of educating students from ordered specialty Environmental Engineering who study at the Silesian University of Technology in the faculty of Energy and Environmental Engineering. The evaluation was carried out by means of the analysis of questionnaires filled in by the graduates of the first cycle degree programme at the aforementioned specialty. The analysis was carried out for both, the area of application of the selected software related to the didactic process and the area of the software application in the predicted professional career of the students surveyed.
摘要本文对西里西亚理工大学能源与环境工程学院环境工程专业学生在教学过程中所使用的计算机应用程序的有用性进行了评价。评估是通过分析上述专业第一周期学位课程毕业生填写的问卷进行的。对所选软件与教学过程相关的应用领域和被调查学生预测职业生涯中的软件应用领域进行了分析。
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引用次数: 3
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Chemistry-Didactics-Ecology-Metrology
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