S. Schmidt, C. Picioreanu, B. Craenen, R. Mackay, Jan-Ulrich Kreft, G. Theodoropoulos
Groundwater is like dark matter -- we know very little apart from the fact that it is hugely important. Given the scarcity of data, mathematical modelling can come to the rescue but existing groundwater models are mainly restricted to simulate the transport and degradation of contaminants on the scale of whole contaminated field sites by averaging out the effect of spatial heterogeneity on the availability of the pollutant to the degrading organisms. These coarse-scale mean-field models therefore tend to rely on fitting to data rather than being predictive. Also, they are less suited to incorporate spatial variability and non-linear kinetics and feedbacks. We propose to solve the two mutually exacerbating problems of environmental patchiness and data scarcity by developing a flexible and robust distributed simulation framework that uses an ensemble of small scale simulations running on different processors/computers to scale-up, i.e. to feed the effect of small-scale patchiness into a concurrent site-scale simulation of the dynamics of groundwater pollutant degradation. Our scaling approach solves problem #1 by simulating dynamics also on the small scale where some of the patchiness resides, and problem #2 by enabling rigorous validation of our small-scale model and scaling approach with laboratory data, which are high quality at low cost.
{"title":"A Multi-scale Agent-Based Distributed Simulation Framework for Groundwater Pollution Management","authors":"S. Schmidt, C. Picioreanu, B. Craenen, R. Mackay, Jan-Ulrich Kreft, G. Theodoropoulos","doi":"10.1109/DS-RT.2011.33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DS-RT.2011.33","url":null,"abstract":"Groundwater is like dark matter -- we know very little apart from the fact that it is hugely important. Given the scarcity of data, mathematical modelling can come to the rescue but existing groundwater models are mainly restricted to simulate the transport and degradation of contaminants on the scale of whole contaminated field sites by averaging out the effect of spatial heterogeneity on the availability of the pollutant to the degrading organisms. These coarse-scale mean-field models therefore tend to rely on fitting to data rather than being predictive. Also, they are less suited to incorporate spatial variability and non-linear kinetics and feedbacks. We propose to solve the two mutually exacerbating problems of environmental patchiness and data scarcity by developing a flexible and robust distributed simulation framework that uses an ensemble of small scale simulations running on different processors/computers to scale-up, i.e. to feed the effect of small-scale patchiness into a concurrent site-scale simulation of the dynamics of groundwater pollutant degradation. Our scaling approach solves problem #1 by simulating dynamics also on the small scale where some of the patchiness resides, and problem #2 by enabling rigorous validation of our small-scale model and scaling approach with laboratory data, which are high quality at low cost.","PeriodicalId":410884,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE/ACM 15th International Symposium on Distributed Simulation and Real Time Applications","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131182810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper we examine how closely together images to be used in 3D reconstruction are captured, when acquisition is started using a software-based trigger delivered to multiple computers on a network. In addition we compare a software triggered pull system to a push system. Synchronisation is a key component in 3D reconstruction systems and can also be one of the most problematic. In a shape-from-silhouette based system, images are captured at the same moment to ensure the position of the object is consistent in all frames. Differences in position between captured frames results in deformations such as holes and missing or extended features. By capturing images of a projected clock, we can tell with around 10ms granularity, how closely together images are captured. This gives us an indication of whether software capture triggers delivered over a network can be used for image acquisition in a 3D reconstruction system, instead of hardware synchronised capture.
{"title":"Investigating the Suitability of a Software Capture Trigger in a 3D Reconstruction System for Telepresence","authors":"C. Moore, Toby Duckworth, D. Roberts","doi":"10.1109/DS-RT.2011.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DS-RT.2011.18","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we examine how closely together images to be used in 3D reconstruction are captured, when acquisition is started using a software-based trigger delivered to multiple computers on a network. In addition we compare a software triggered pull system to a push system. Synchronisation is a key component in 3D reconstruction systems and can also be one of the most problematic. In a shape-from-silhouette based system, images are captured at the same moment to ensure the position of the object is consistent in all frames. Differences in position between captured frames results in deformations such as holes and missing or extended features. By capturing images of a projected clock, we can tell with around 10ms granularity, how closely together images are captured. This gives us an indication of whether software capture triggers delivered over a network can be used for image acquisition in a 3D reconstruction system, instead of hardware synchronised capture.","PeriodicalId":410884,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE/ACM 15th International Symposium on Distributed Simulation and Real Time Applications","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120835836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This work develops techniques for modeling and distributed simulation of complex situated multi-agent systems, which are highly dynamic and possess an intrinsic spatial character. Each agent owns its spatial coordinates and acts and interacts with its peers in a hosting territory. In a distributed/parallel scenario of a typical situated agent model, the territory represents a huge shared variable. Frequent access by agents to territory information easily becomes a bottleneck degrading system performance and scalability. This paper proposes an original approach and supporting API to distributing situated multi-agent models using actors. The approach exploits time management for resolving conflicts and to achieve data consistency. Approach contribution is twofold: (a) it simplifies M&S tasks by making the modeler unaware of distribution concerns, (b) it is capable of ensuring good model scalability and simulation performance. Practical aspects of the approach are demonstrated by a Tile-World model and its distributed simulation experiments.
{"title":"Distributed Simulation of Situated Multi-agent Systems","authors":"F. Cicirelli, Andrea Giordano, L. Nigro","doi":"10.1109/DS-RT.2011.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DS-RT.2011.11","url":null,"abstract":"This work develops techniques for modeling and distributed simulation of complex situated multi-agent systems, which are highly dynamic and possess an intrinsic spatial character. Each agent owns its spatial coordinates and acts and interacts with its peers in a hosting territory. In a distributed/parallel scenario of a typical situated agent model, the territory represents a huge shared variable. Frequent access by agents to territory information easily becomes a bottleneck degrading system performance and scalability. This paper proposes an original approach and supporting API to distributing situated multi-agent models using actors. The approach exploits time management for resolving conflicts and to achieve data consistency. Approach contribution is twofold: (a) it simplifies M&S tasks by making the modeler unaware of distribution concerns, (b) it is capable of ensuring good model scalability and simulation performance. Practical aspects of the approach are demonstrated by a Tile-World model and its distributed simulation experiments.","PeriodicalId":410884,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE/ACM 15th International Symposium on Distributed Simulation and Real Time Applications","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128864178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Since its inception in military systems two decades ago, distribution simulation has grown to provide a rich and varied family of technologies. During the same period, military requirements for distributed simulation have continued to evolve. The nature of warfighting today has shifted from focus on large, kinetic engagements to asymmetric warfare and stability/peacekeeping operations. As a complement to the three technical papers in this session, this talk will describe the presenter's experience in supporting military operations, using the distributed technologies associated with Battle Management Language.
{"title":"Operational Uses of Distributed Simulation Using BML","authors":"Per M. Gustavsson","doi":"10.1109/DS-RT.2011.38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DS-RT.2011.38","url":null,"abstract":"Since its inception in military systems two decades ago, distribution simulation has grown to provide a rich and varied family of technologies. During the same period, military requirements for distributed simulation have continued to evolve. The nature of warfighting today has shifted from focus on large, kinetic engagements to asymmetric warfare and stability/peacekeeping operations. As a complement to the three technical papers in this session, this talk will describe the presenter's experience in supporting military operations, using the distributed technologies associated with Battle Management Language.","PeriodicalId":410884,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE/ACM 15th International Symposium on Distributed Simulation and Real Time Applications","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129194966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Collaborative Augmented Reality (CAR) systems allow multiple users to share a real world environment including computer generated images in real time. Currently, the hardware features of most mobile phones not only provide excellent multimedia services, but it also includes wireless network capabilities that provides a natural platform for CAR systems. However, the wide variety of these hardware features can have important effects on the performance of the mobile CAR applications. This paper presents the experimental characterization of CAR applications for mobile phones in regard to well-known performance metrics in distributed systems. Characterization results show that the most time consuming stage in a CAR application is the marker detection stage. Moreover, the rendering stage is decoupled on some devices. This decoupling process allows avoiding low refresh rate, facilitating the collaborative work. These results can be used as the basis for an efficient design of CAR systems and applications.
{"title":"Performance Characterization on Mobile Phones for Collaborative Augmented Reality (CAR) Applications","authors":"Victor Fernández-Bauset, J. Orduña, P. Morillo","doi":"10.1109/DS-RT.2011.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DS-RT.2011.26","url":null,"abstract":"Collaborative Augmented Reality (CAR) systems allow multiple users to share a real world environment including computer generated images in real time. Currently, the hardware features of most mobile phones not only provide excellent multimedia services, but it also includes wireless network capabilities that provides a natural platform for CAR systems. However, the wide variety of these hardware features can have important effects on the performance of the mobile CAR applications. This paper presents the experimental characterization of CAR applications for mobile phones in regard to well-known performance metrics in distributed systems. Characterization results show that the most time consuming stage in a CAR application is the marker detection stage. Moreover, the rendering stage is decoupled on some devices. This decoupling process allows avoiding low refresh rate, facilitating the collaborative work. These results can be used as the basis for an efficient design of CAR systems and applications.","PeriodicalId":410884,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE/ACM 15th International Symposium on Distributed Simulation and Real Time Applications","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125956527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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