Communication using technology is commonplace for adolescents, with numerous advancements in this area. However, such advancements have given rise to new forms of abusive behaviours, such as the use of technology to control, harass, stalk and abuse dating partners. The aim of this review was to elucidate the risk factors for technology assisted abuse in adolescents (TAADA). A Rapid Evidence Assessment (REA) was conducted to identify risk factors and characteristics of technology assisted adolescent dating abuse perpetrators. 18 studies were found to meet the inclusion criteria and were quality appraised. Narrative synthesis was used to review data and identify common factors. Factors that were found to contribute towards perpetration of TAADA included: being a victim of adverse childhood experiences (ACE’s); holding attitudes which normalised violence and TAADA; experiencing feelings of jealousy and insecurity; engaging in other non-TAADA risk behaviours such as aggression and substance misuse; family attachments; and peer networks. Differences in types of perpetration behaviour were noted between males and females, with this warranting further investigation. Understanding risk factors specific to TAADA for adolescents is relevant to professionals who are responsible for the assessment and risk management of perpetrators and provides information regarding possible treatment targets. Recommendations for policy and practice are provided.
{"title":"Characteristics of Technology Assisted Adolescent Dating Abuse (TAADA) perpetrators: A Rapid Evidence Assessment","authors":"F. Dale, M. Smyth, R. Worthington","doi":"10.37576/abuse.2023.048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37576/abuse.2023.048","url":null,"abstract":"Communication using technology is commonplace for adolescents, with numerous advancements in this area. However, such advancements have given rise to new forms of abusive behaviours, such as the use of technology to control, harass, stalk and abuse dating partners. The aim of this review was to elucidate the risk factors for technology assisted abuse in adolescents (TAADA). A Rapid Evidence Assessment (REA) was conducted to identify risk factors and characteristics of technology assisted adolescent dating abuse perpetrators. 18 studies were found to meet the inclusion criteria and were quality appraised. Narrative synthesis was used to review data and identify common factors. Factors that were found to contribute towards perpetration of TAADA included: being a victim of adverse childhood experiences (ACE’s); holding attitudes which normalised violence and TAADA; experiencing feelings of jealousy and insecurity; engaging in other non-TAADA risk behaviours such as aggression and substance misuse; family attachments; and peer networks. Differences in types of perpetration behaviour were noted between males and females, with this warranting further investigation. Understanding risk factors specific to TAADA for adolescents is relevant to professionals who are responsible for the assessment and risk management of perpetrators and provides information regarding possible treatment targets. Recommendations for policy and practice are provided.","PeriodicalId":412545,"journal":{"name":"Abuse: An International Impact Journal","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126369767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Although removing victims from trafficking occurs worldwide, little is known about how it works, particularly in developing Asian countries such as Vietnam. Appropriating Western strategies of victim removal is made more difficult in Vietnam given the country’s political ideology, top-down management, and centralised governance. To better understand and elucidate the process of TIP victim rescues, this paper used in-depth interviews with fifteen police officials, four officials of a non-governmental organization, and five victims of trafficking in persons (TIP) at a settlement in Vietnam. Findings demonstrated that state and non-state actors endeavoured to rescue victims. Depending on obligations, functions, and responsibilities, agencies were shown to implement separate campaigns, techniques, and operations to rescue trafficking victims. The study further explains the rationale for rescue and the difficulties faced by rescuers, particularly with respect to crossing the porous border between Vietnam and China. This research highlights practical insights for improving current policies, legal framework, programs, and strategies to effectively rescue TIP victims.
{"title":"Rescuing victims of human trafficking: A case study in Vietnam","authors":"Oanh Van Nguyen, H. Luong","doi":"10.37576/abuse.2023.043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37576/abuse.2023.043","url":null,"abstract":"Although removing victims from trafficking occurs worldwide, little is known about how it works, particularly in developing Asian countries such as Vietnam. Appropriating Western strategies of victim removal is made more difficult in Vietnam given the country’s political ideology, top-down management, and centralised governance. To better understand and elucidate the process of TIP victim rescues, this paper used in-depth interviews with fifteen police officials, four officials of a non-governmental organization, and five victims of trafficking in persons (TIP) at a settlement in Vietnam. Findings demonstrated that state and non-state actors endeavoured to rescue victims. Depending on obligations, functions, and responsibilities, agencies were shown to implement separate campaigns, techniques, and operations to rescue trafficking victims. The study further explains the rationale for rescue and the difficulties faced by rescuers, particularly with respect to crossing the porous border between Vietnam and China. This research highlights practical insights for improving current policies, legal framework, programs, and strategies to effectively rescue TIP victims.","PeriodicalId":412545,"journal":{"name":"Abuse: An International Impact Journal","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127741115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
When Felitti (1998) and his team first published their research that explored the relationship between adverse childhood experiences and later life health outcomes, they opened Pandora’s box of public health concerns. The striking links between household abuse, neglect and adversity, and chronic physical and psychological health conditions, invited practitioners to reconsider the underlying causes of various difficulties. Of particular note was the finding that the experience of four adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) is most likely to predict harm to the next generation; a finding that places ACEs at the centre of forensic practice.
{"title":"Editorial: Developing compassion focused and trauma sensitive forensic practice.","authors":"Jon Taylor","doi":"10.37576/abuse.2022.034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37576/abuse.2022.034","url":null,"abstract":"When Felitti (1998) and his team first published their research that explored the relationship between adverse childhood experiences and later life health outcomes, they opened Pandora’s box of public health concerns. The striking links between household abuse, neglect and adversity, and chronic physical and psychological health conditions, invited practitioners to reconsider the underlying causes of various difficulties. Of particular note was the finding that the experience of four adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) is most likely to predict harm to the next generation; a finding that places ACEs at the centre of forensic practice.","PeriodicalId":412545,"journal":{"name":"Abuse: An International Impact Journal","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127930634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of this paper is to present a newly developed substance misuse treatment intervention, which has been devised from an extensive review of the literature relating to the prevalence and repercussions of trauma amongst people who use forensic services and use substances. The clinical utility and applicability of integrating Compassion Focused Therapy (CFT) within the context of delivering this new intervention is discussed. As the first pilot is preparing to launch at a high secure site, this paper provides a descriptive, theoretical account of the programme and the rationale for the various components.
{"title":"Developing a trauma-sensitive, compassion focused substance misuse treatment intervention for prisoners","authors":"E. Fehrman","doi":"10.37576/abuse.2022.038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37576/abuse.2022.038","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this paper is to present a newly developed substance misuse treatment intervention, which has been devised from an extensive review of the literature relating to the prevalence and repercussions of trauma amongst people who use forensic services and use substances. The clinical utility and applicability of integrating Compassion Focused Therapy (CFT) within the context of delivering this new intervention is discussed. As the first pilot is preparing to launch at a high secure site, this paper provides a descriptive, theoretical account of the programme and the rationale for the various components.","PeriodicalId":412545,"journal":{"name":"Abuse: An International Impact Journal","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128559377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Forensic services can present residents with several challenges, from a poverty of developmental opportunity to the experience of violence, drugs, and sustained threat. The nature of a residential forensic service is therefore likely to influence the readiness, willingness, and ability of its members to engage with interventions and, ultimately, to recover. In this paper, we explore how the residential treatment milieu can be organised in order to enhance the prospect of rehabilitation and reintegration. We draw on the experience of working in therapeutic communities (both prison and hospital based) and describe a model that integrates a compassionate and trauma sensitive methodology into such environments. An evaluation of the impact of this model is presented along with suggestions for future practice.
{"title":"Compassion focused cultures: Introducing compassion into a democratic therapeutic community","authors":"Jon Taylor, G. Akerman","doi":"10.37576/abuse.2022.036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37576/abuse.2022.036","url":null,"abstract":"Forensic services can present residents with several challenges, from a poverty of developmental opportunity to the experience of violence, drugs, and sustained threat. The nature of a residential forensic service is therefore likely to influence the readiness, willingness, and ability of its members to engage with interventions and, ultimately, to recover. In this paper, we explore how the residential treatment milieu can be organised in order to enhance the prospect of rehabilitation and reintegration. We draw on the experience of working in therapeutic communities (both prison and hospital based) and describe a model that integrates a compassionate and trauma sensitive methodology into such environments. An evaluation of the impact of this model is presented along with suggestions for future practice.","PeriodicalId":412545,"journal":{"name":"Abuse: An International Impact Journal","volume":"112 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124298632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Emerging research indicates that Compassion Focused Therapy (CFT) can be beneficial for individuals with Intellectual Disabilities (ID) and for those who use forensic services. Its use with people who have diagnoses of IDs and who use forensic mental health inpatient services is yet to be explored empirically. The current study aimed to address this gap in the literature by using a single-case study design to evaluate a CFT approach to treatment with a man detained in a UK medium secure service, with a history of problems associated with mild ID, psychosis and risk behaviours towards himself and others. Treatment was provided over 15 individual sessions, following which significant improvements were observed on measures of self-compassion, psychological distress, and social comparison. Differences were maintained at 16-week follow-up. Qualitative data revealed that the participant found CFT to be beneficial and it helped him manage his emotions and the way in which he related to himself and others, as well as giving him hope for the future. The findings suggest that CFT may be a suitable and helpful approach to the treatment of people with IDs who use forensic mental health inpatient services, but further, more robust research, is required to confirm this.
{"title":"Compassion Focused Therapy for a man in a forensic mental health service with an intellectual disability and a history of psychosis","authors":"Danielle A. Lawrence","doi":"10.37576/abuse.2022.039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37576/abuse.2022.039","url":null,"abstract":"Emerging research indicates that Compassion Focused Therapy (CFT) can be beneficial for individuals with Intellectual Disabilities (ID) and for those who use forensic services. Its use with people who have diagnoses of IDs and who use forensic mental health inpatient services is yet to be explored empirically. The current study aimed to address this gap in the literature by using a single-case study design to evaluate a CFT approach to treatment with a man detained in a UK medium secure service, with a history of problems associated with mild ID, psychosis and risk behaviours towards himself and others. Treatment was provided over 15 individual sessions, following which significant improvements were observed on measures of self-compassion, psychological distress, and social comparison. Differences were maintained at 16-week follow-up. Qualitative data revealed that the participant found CFT to be beneficial and it helped him manage his emotions and the way in which he related to himself and others, as well as giving him hope for the future. The findings suggest that CFT may be a suitable and helpful approach to the treatment of people with IDs who use forensic mental health inpatient services, but further, more robust research, is required to confirm this.","PeriodicalId":412545,"journal":{"name":"Abuse: An International Impact Journal","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131092412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The high prevalence of interpersonal trauma for women in custody is well known. The mental health sequelae of such experiences can include lifelong patterns of harmful behaviour directed towards both onself and others. Responding effectively to such concerns has presented a considerable challenge to prison services. Based on our clinical experience we proposed CRANE (Compassionate Recovery and Neurological Empowerment) as an integrative approach to treating ‘prolific’ and acute acts of self-harm and suicidal ideation as symptoms associated with interpersonal trauma. CRANE draws on compassion focused therapy (CFT), and other trauma focused approaches, to promote participant recovery and stability. This is reflected in CRANE’s four integrated strands, which include body centred trauma psychoeducation, trauma memory processing and a strengths-based approach to developing positive connections to self and others. This practice paper outlines these strands along with clinical illustrations from a pilot delivery and direction to theory, to help consider the benefits and challenges participants faced during the course of this intervention.
{"title":"Compassionate Recovery and Neurological Empowerment (CRANE): A trauma focused pilot intervention for women in prison with complex needs who engage in self-harm","authors":"Adam Mahoney, Gillian Sutcliffe, B. Connolly","doi":"10.37576/abuse.2022.037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37576/abuse.2022.037","url":null,"abstract":"The high prevalence of interpersonal trauma for women in custody is well known. The mental health sequelae of such experiences can include lifelong patterns of harmful behaviour directed towards both onself and others. Responding effectively to such concerns has presented a considerable challenge to prison services. Based on our clinical experience we proposed CRANE (Compassionate Recovery and Neurological Empowerment) as an integrative approach to treating ‘prolific’ and acute acts of self-harm and suicidal ideation as symptoms associated with interpersonal trauma. CRANE draws on compassion focused therapy (CFT), and other trauma focused approaches, to promote participant recovery and stability. This is reflected in CRANE’s four integrated strands, which include body centred trauma psychoeducation, trauma memory processing and a strengths-based approach to developing positive connections to self and others. This practice paper outlines these strands along with clinical illustrations from a pilot delivery and direction to theory, to help consider the benefits and challenges participants faced during the course of this intervention.","PeriodicalId":412545,"journal":{"name":"Abuse: An International Impact Journal","volume":"145 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132318451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present paper discusses one of the first free community-based therapeutic interventions (The Aurora Project) in the UK, for individuals who are distressed by their sexual thoughts and behaviour and/or concerned they are a potential risk to others. The clinical approach to working with this population takes a compassion-focused stance. This paper tracks progress pre-post intervention on various psychological wellbeing measures. Results indicated a statistically significant increase in self-esteem and social safeness, as well as a reduction in internalised shame. Reliable change index analyses indicated clinically significant group improvement in shame and self-esteem. Participants’ fears of compassion were unchanged as a group. Individual-level analyses of change are presented. Limitations of the study and implications for research and practice are then discussed.
{"title":"A compassionate intervention for individuals with problematic sexual interests: Group and individual outcomes in the UK","authors":"Jordan Clayton, K. Hocken, N. Blagden","doi":"10.37576/abuse.2022.035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37576/abuse.2022.035","url":null,"abstract":"The present paper discusses one of the first free community-based therapeutic interventions (The Aurora Project) in the UK, for individuals who are distressed by their sexual thoughts and behaviour and/or concerned they are a potential risk to others. The clinical approach to working with this population takes a compassion-focused stance. This paper tracks progress pre-post intervention on various psychological wellbeing measures. Results indicated a statistically significant increase in self-esteem and social safeness, as well as a reduction in internalised shame. Reliable change index analyses indicated clinically significant group improvement in shame and self-esteem. Participants’ fears of compassion were unchanged as a group. Individual-level analyses of change are presented. Limitations of the study and implications for research and practice are then discussed.","PeriodicalId":412545,"journal":{"name":"Abuse: An International Impact Journal","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132084741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Compassion Focused Therapy (CFT) is as promising intervention that has recently gained traction in forensic services. CFT incorporates an understanding of the role of life experiences in shaping human behaviour(s) and organising our social and inter-personal interactions and therefore can be considered a trauma informed approach. This paper presents a case study that demonstrates the use of CFT as a transdiagnostic intervention, when working in a prison mental health care setting. The paper describes the application of CFT to address both mental health and criminogenic areas of need with a client convicted of violence. Key components of CFT are illustrated in addition to the novel approach to working with risk that has become a feature of forensic CFT. The challenges and limitations of the therapeutic work are also highlighted.
{"title":"Delivering trauma sensitive and compassion focused prison mental health care: A Single case illustration","authors":"J. Patel, S. Lad","doi":"10.37576/abuse.2022.040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37576/abuse.2022.040","url":null,"abstract":"Compassion Focused Therapy (CFT) is as promising intervention that has recently gained traction in forensic services. CFT incorporates an understanding of the role of life experiences in shaping human behaviour(s) and organising our social and inter-personal interactions and therefore can be considered a trauma informed approach. This paper presents a case study that demonstrates the use of CFT as a transdiagnostic intervention, when working in a prison mental health care setting. The paper describes the application of CFT to address both mental health and criminogenic areas of need with a client convicted of violence. Key components of CFT are illustrated in addition to the novel approach to working with risk that has become a feature of forensic CFT. The challenges and limitations of the therapeutic work are also highlighted.","PeriodicalId":412545,"journal":{"name":"Abuse: An International Impact Journal","volume":"108 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125198765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Humans are a tragic species in many ways. We are all products of DNA in the flow of life with many millions of species that have gone extinct behind us. We, like all other lifeforms, have been built by genes in a certain way with a certain body and mind, evolved to cope with the challenges of survival and reproduction. No living thing chose to be what it is. Predators did not choose to be predators and prey did not choose to be prey. No one alive today chose to be here or what they are. No male chose to be male or female chose to be female. We did not choose our ethnicity nor to have certain genetic vulnerabilities, nor to have or to lack certain talents. We did not choose to have a brain that is capable of multiple and conflicting emotions and motives, able to be extraordinary compassionate and risk our lives to save others yet also capable of the most horrendous atrocities, cruelties and basic viciousness. Indeed, if we look at our history over the last 5000 or so years, it is not good reading. Most of the great empires have suppressed their populations with vicious forms of policing, punishment and torture, while slavery has been endemic for thousands of years in most cultures and slaves have always been subjected to extraordinary sexual and physical brutalities. Today we continue to see the ambitions of leaders who care more about territory, power and wealth than they do about the suffering they are causing in their pursuit.
{"title":"Afterword: Compassion in prison - Understanding the evolution and biopsychosocial routes for compassion focused therapy","authors":"P. Gilbert","doi":"10.37576/abuse.2022.041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37576/abuse.2022.041","url":null,"abstract":"Humans are a tragic species in many ways. We are all products of DNA in the flow of life with many millions of species that have gone extinct behind us. We, like all other lifeforms, have been built by genes in a certain way with a certain body and mind, evolved to cope with the challenges of survival and reproduction. No living thing chose to be what it is. Predators did not choose to be predators and prey did not choose to be prey. No one alive today chose to be here or what they are. No male chose to be male or female chose to be female. We did not choose our ethnicity nor to have certain genetic vulnerabilities, nor to have or to lack certain talents. We did not choose to have a brain that is capable of multiple and conflicting emotions and motives, able to be extraordinary compassionate and risk our lives to save others yet also capable of the most horrendous atrocities, cruelties and basic viciousness. Indeed, if we look at our history over the last 5000 or so years, it is not good reading. Most of the great empires have suppressed their populations with vicious forms of policing, punishment and torture, while slavery has been endemic for thousands of years in most cultures and slaves have always been subjected to extraordinary sexual and physical brutalities. Today we continue to see the ambitions of leaders who care more about territory, power and wealth than they do about the suffering they are causing in their pursuit.","PeriodicalId":412545,"journal":{"name":"Abuse: An International Impact Journal","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114555421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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