Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.37816/2073-9567-2022-66-255-262
A. V. Khroustaleva
The paper discusses the correspondence of A. M. Gorky with a provincial forgotten writer Arkady Alexandrovich Vdovin (pseudonym Arkady Severny). Severny's letters to Gorky are not only the one of the few sources for Severny's biography, but also an important source of data for the yet-to-be-written history of the province's post-revolutionary literary life. They illustrate the mass literary movement of the 1920s and 1930s, and introduce new information about Gorky's informal interest in supporting the interest of aspiring authors in literary work. Gorky's correspondence with aspiring writers from the provinces enriches perceptions about the history of Soviet everyday life, characterizes the alignment of literary forces grouped around writers' unions, literary practices of local associations of proletarian writers, everyday behavior of their members. Severny is a writer who positioned himself as a member of the Moscow Association of Proletarian Writers. Little is known about his biography. The fact of his presumed residing in the Volga Region is retrieved according to some newspaper publications. They show that Severny repeatedly recited his poems in different corners of Saratov. His autobiographical poem “About Myself” published on 26th of the November, 1925 in “The Bolshevik Juveniles” demonstrates that he was taken into Komsomol and had a background of a factory worker. He accentuated his proletarian origin to get in touch with Gorky. In the early 1930s, Severny's letters to Gorky remained unanswered. The reason for this was Severny's attempt to sell Gorky's letters to him to the editors of the Leningrad magazine “Rezets”.
{"title":"“And I also Want to Work, to Learn and to Live”: a Letter of A. Severny to M. Gorky","authors":"A. V. Khroustaleva","doi":"10.37816/2073-9567-2022-66-255-262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37816/2073-9567-2022-66-255-262","url":null,"abstract":"The paper discusses the correspondence of A. M. Gorky with a provincial forgotten writer Arkady Alexandrovich Vdovin (pseudonym Arkady Severny). Severny's letters to Gorky are not only the one of the few sources for Severny's biography, but also an important source of data for the yet-to-be-written history of the province's post-revolutionary literary life. They illustrate the mass literary movement of the 1920s and 1930s, and introduce new information about Gorky's informal interest in supporting the interest of aspiring authors in literary work. Gorky's correspondence with aspiring writers from the provinces enriches perceptions about the history of Soviet everyday life, characterizes the alignment of literary forces grouped around writers' unions, literary practices of local associations of proletarian writers, everyday behavior of their members. Severny is a writer who positioned himself as a member of the Moscow Association of Proletarian Writers. Little is known about his biography. The fact of his presumed residing in the Volga Region is retrieved according to some newspaper publications. They show that Severny repeatedly recited his poems in different corners of Saratov. His autobiographical poem “About Myself” published on 26th of the November, 1925 in “The Bolshevik Juveniles” demonstrates that he was taken into Komsomol and had a background of a factory worker. He accentuated his proletarian origin to get in touch with Gorky. In the early 1930s, Severny's letters to Gorky remained unanswered. The reason for this was Severny's attempt to sell Gorky's letters to him to the editors of the Leningrad magazine “Rezets”.","PeriodicalId":41255,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Slavianskikh Kultur-Bulletin of Slavic Cultures-Scientific and Informational Journal","volume":"232 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76878914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.37816/2073-9567-2022-66-379-384
О. V. Nikitin, Galina M. Sedova, Eduard A. Uzenev
The analytical review presents proceedings of the international scientific conference “Mikhailovskoe” Pushkin Readings — 2021: “Heaven’s chosen singer” (Pushkinskie Gory, August 21–22, 2021). The paper aims to attract the attention of researchers to the personality of A. S. Pushkin, to reveal the historical and cultural potential of modern Pushkin studies and to show new directions in the study of the poet’s creativity in various branches of humanitarian knowledge. It is emphasized that the participants of the readings paid special attention to historical parallels and personalities, first of all to Alexander Nevsky, the ancestors of A. S. Pushkin, poets of the Russian diaspora. Reports on the art of Orthodox churches aroused great interest. Among the urgent issues of modern Pushkin studies, the authors named applied issues of studying poet’s work at school, exploring A. S. Pushkin’s routes that passed through the territory of present-day Belarus. The paper points out that the legacy of the creator has been widely embodied not only in literature and science, but also in cinema, art and marble works. The issues of archival research occupied an important place in the readings and included introducing of an unknown document from the philological collection of N. S. Ashukin “Rules of spelling when publishing Pushkin’s works”. The readings summed up the results of the local history work of historians and slavists of the Pskov region and other regions of Russia on the study of A. S. Pushkin’s genealogy and his extensive connections during the exile to Mikhailovskoe, presented new books and art publications that will contribute to the actualization of Pushkin studies in the 21th century.
分析性评论介绍了国际科学会议“米哈伊洛夫斯科”普希金读物- 2021:“天堂选择的歌手”(普希金歌里，2021年8月21日至22日)。本文旨在引起研究者对普希金人格的关注，揭示现代普希金研究的历史和文化潜力，并在人文主义知识的各个分支中为诗人创造力的研究指明新的方向。强调的是，阅读的参与者特别注意历史的相似之处和人物，首先是亚历山大·涅夫斯基，A. S.普希金的祖先，俄罗斯散居诗人。关于东正教教堂艺术的报道引起了人们极大的兴趣。在现代普希金研究的紧迫问题中，作者提出了在学校学习诗人作品的应用问题，探索普希金途经今天白俄罗斯领土的路线。本文指出，这位创造者的遗产不仅广泛体现在文学和科学领域，而且还体现在电影、艺术和大理石作品中。档案研究的问题在阅读中占据了重要的位置，包括介绍一份未知的文件，来自N. S. Ashukin的语言学集“出版普希金作品时的拼写规则”。读书会总结了普斯科夫地区和俄罗斯其他地区的历史学家和斯拉夫主义者对普希金家谱的研究成果，以及他在流亡期间与米哈伊洛夫斯科的广泛联系，并提出了有助于在21世纪实现普希金研究的新书和艺术出版物。
{"title":"“Mikhailovskoe” Pushkin Readings 2021: “Heaven’s Chosen Singer”","authors":"О. V. Nikitin, Galina M. Sedova, Eduard A. Uzenev","doi":"10.37816/2073-9567-2022-66-379-384","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37816/2073-9567-2022-66-379-384","url":null,"abstract":"The analytical review presents proceedings of the international scientific conference “Mikhailovskoe” Pushkin Readings — 2021: “Heaven’s chosen singer” (Pushkinskie Gory, August 21–22, 2021). The paper aims to attract the attention of researchers to the personality of A. S. Pushkin, to reveal the historical and cultural potential of modern Pushkin studies and to show new directions in the study of the poet’s creativity in various branches of humanitarian knowledge. It is emphasized that the participants of the readings paid special attention to historical parallels and personalities, first of all to Alexander Nevsky, the ancestors of A. S. Pushkin, poets of the Russian diaspora. Reports on the art of Orthodox churches aroused great interest. Among the urgent issues of modern Pushkin studies, the authors named applied issues of studying poet’s work at school, exploring A. S. Pushkin’s routes that passed through the territory of present-day Belarus. The paper points out that the legacy of the creator has been widely embodied not only in literature and science, but also in cinema, art and marble works. The issues of archival research occupied an important place in the readings and included introducing of an unknown document from the philological collection of N. S. Ashukin “Rules of spelling when publishing Pushkin’s works”. The readings summed up the results of the local history work of historians and slavists of the Pskov region and other regions of Russia on the study of A. S. Pushkin’s genealogy and his extensive connections during the exile to Mikhailovskoe, presented new books and art publications that will contribute to the actualization of Pushkin studies in the 21th century.","PeriodicalId":41255,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Slavianskikh Kultur-Bulletin of Slavic Cultures-Scientific and Informational Journal","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72648174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.37816/2073-9567-2022-63-152-162
E. A. Andrushchenko
Using forgotten news publications, the paper restores the source of the plot of A. S. Suvorin’s comedy “Tatyana Repina”, preserved in literary history mostly thanks to the continuation A. Chekhov wrote for it. This source was presumably an urban news story in the “Juzhnyj kraj” newspaper — Russia’s largest pre-revolutionary provincial paper, published in Kharkov for almost forty years. The newspaper contributed to the reputation of E. Kadmina, a notable opera and drama actress, by printing reviews of her performances and also highlighted her personal tragedy and painful death. Part of this effort belonged to the young critic Yu. Govorukha-Otrok, whose theatrical reviews analyzed the drama troupe’s performances. A. Suvorin’s addressing to the event covered in the paper and its conversion into a literary plot is seen as important evidence of the interaction between literature and periodicals, which requires description and study. In A. Suvorin’s play, the arrangement of the plot evolved from an urban news story accounted for the mass reader’s demands, their interests and expectations. The study considers A. Chekhov’s and A. Suvorin’s argument about “Tatyana Repina”, clarifying the issue of the genre of Chekhov’s play. The writers’ debate over the ways of developing a provincial plot is treated as a notable sign of the development of language and its expressive devices. These were determined not so much by readers’ and viewers’ expectations as by specific laws of dramatic conventionality.
{"title":"Urban news story and literary plot: through the “Juzhnyj kraj” newspaper","authors":"E. A. Andrushchenko","doi":"10.37816/2073-9567-2022-63-152-162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37816/2073-9567-2022-63-152-162","url":null,"abstract":"Using forgotten news publications, the paper restores the source of the plot of A. S. Suvorin’s comedy “Tatyana Repina”, preserved in literary history mostly thanks to the continuation A. Chekhov wrote for it. This source was presumably an urban news story in the “Juzhnyj kraj” newspaper — Russia’s largest pre-revolutionary provincial paper, published in Kharkov for almost forty years. The newspaper contributed to the reputation of E. Kadmina, a notable opera and drama actress, by printing reviews of her performances and also highlighted her personal tragedy and painful death. Part of this effort belonged to the young critic Yu. Govorukha-Otrok, whose theatrical reviews analyzed the drama troupe’s performances. A. Suvorin’s addressing to the event covered in the paper and its conversion into a literary plot is seen as important evidence of the interaction between literature and periodicals, which requires description and study. In A. Suvorin’s play, the arrangement of the plot evolved from an urban news story accounted for the mass reader’s demands, their interests and expectations. The study considers A. Chekhov’s and A. Suvorin’s argument about “Tatyana Repina”, clarifying the issue of the genre of Chekhov’s play. The writers’ debate over the ways of developing a provincial plot is treated as a notable sign of the development of language and its expressive devices. These were determined not so much by readers’ and viewers’ expectations as by specific laws of dramatic conventionality.","PeriodicalId":41255,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Slavianskikh Kultur-Bulletin of Slavic Cultures-Scientific and Informational Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83620517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.37816/2073-9567-2022-66-67-80
Andrey F. Polomoshnov, L. Polomoshnov
Liberal Russian reforms at the turn of the millennium actualize the issue of foreign cultural borrowing in the national discourse. The study, using examples of P. Ya. Chaadaev, F. M. Dostoevsky and N. A. Berdyaev analyzes the relationship between foreign cultural borrowings and traits of national character, which determine the attitude towards other cultures and towards qualitative transformations of society. All these concepts reflect the inconsistency of the respective features of the national character. The position of P. Ya. Chaadaev is contradictory. Whereas in Philosophical Letters he simultaneously ascribes to the Russian people a lack of innovation and a lack of soil, in Apology of the Madman, on the contrary, he sees in the Russian people a paradoxical unity of national conservatism and the ability to innovate. F. M. Dostoevsky perceives the basis of our national character a synthesis of national soil and universal responsiveness. N. A. Berdyaev formulates two antinomies of the Russian soul: 1) the antinomy of universalism and nationalism and 2) the antinomy of “boundless freedom of spirit” and “unheard-of servility”, without finding a convincing solution to these antinomies. The authors come to the conclusion that as a result of the interaction of foreign cultural innovations and the traits of the Russian national character associated with their perception, certain modes of antinomies identified by Russian thinkers are actualized in it. As a result, the national character informs a certain balance, providing a specific historical continuity and stability of its archetypal structures.
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Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.37816/2073-9567-2022-66-53-66
Igor A. Novitsky
The paper comes up with an adjustment of chronological evidence concerning the death of the Great Prince Andrey Bogolyubsky which allows determining the time of his death and establishing an historical and cultural memorial date. According to the oldest Hypatian and Laurentian Chronicles, the Prince was murdered in the year 6683 since the creation of the world, according to the First Novgorodian Chronicle — in 6682 (which corresponds to the years 1175 and 1174 C. E.). In the chronicle “Tale of the murder of Andrey Bogolyubsky” the time of the Prince`s death is defined as Saturday night which falls, on the one hand, on the eve of Ss. Peter and Paul feast day, i. e. June 28th, and, on the other hand, on the very day of Ss. Peter and Paul, i. e. June 29th. Since Ss. Peter and Paul feast fell on Saturday in the year 1174, but not in 1175, the historians came to the conclusion that Prince Andrey died in 1174, but not in 1175. The author ascertains that the chronicle data on the date of murder combine different types of evidence reflecting different variants of day reckoning: the “calendar” variant — day begins at midnight, and the “church-service” variant — day begins on an average six hours earlier, at sunset. A careful analysis of the “Tale” made it possible to conclude that the whole evidence is perfectly congruent in the hypothesis of evening twilight on the eve of Sunday as the time of Prince`s murder. According to the Old Russian manner of day reckoning the time of twilight could belong to Saturday June 28th (“calendar” day reckoning) as well as to Sunday June 29th (“church-service” day reckoning). In contemporary society it is “calendar” day reckoning which is in common use and thus the day June 28th 1175 of old style (Julian) corresponds to the day July 5th 1175 of new style (Gregorian) which is to become a historical and cultural date for the memory of Andrey Bogolyubsky.
{"title":"Prince`s Twilight. To the 850th Anniversary of the Death of Andrey Bogolyubsky","authors":"Igor A. Novitsky","doi":"10.37816/2073-9567-2022-66-53-66","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37816/2073-9567-2022-66-53-66","url":null,"abstract":"The paper comes up with an adjustment of chronological evidence concerning the death of the Great Prince Andrey Bogolyubsky which allows determining the time of his death and establishing an historical and cultural memorial date. According to the oldest Hypatian and Laurentian Chronicles, the Prince was murdered in the year 6683 since the creation of the world, according to the First Novgorodian Chronicle — in 6682 (which corresponds to the years 1175 and 1174 C. E.). In the chronicle “Tale of the murder of Andrey Bogolyubsky” the time of the Prince`s death is defined as Saturday night which falls, on the one hand, on the eve of Ss. Peter and Paul feast day, i. e. June 28th, and, on the other hand, on the very day of Ss. Peter and Paul, i. e. June 29th. Since Ss. Peter and Paul feast fell on Saturday in the year 1174, but not in 1175, the historians came to the conclusion that Prince Andrey died in 1174, but not in 1175. The author ascertains that the chronicle data on the date of murder combine different types of evidence reflecting different variants of day reckoning: the “calendar” variant — day begins at midnight, and the “church-service” variant — day begins on an average six hours earlier, at sunset. A careful analysis of the “Tale” made it possible to conclude that the whole evidence is perfectly congruent in the hypothesis of evening twilight on the eve of Sunday as the time of Prince`s murder. According to the Old Russian manner of day reckoning the time of twilight could belong to Saturday June 28th (“calendar” day reckoning) as well as to Sunday June 29th (“church-service” day reckoning). In contemporary society it is “calendar” day reckoning which is in common use and thus the day June 28th 1175 of old style (Julian) corresponds to the day July 5th 1175 of new style (Gregorian) which is to become a historical and cultural date for the memory of Andrey Bogolyubsky.","PeriodicalId":41255,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Slavianskikh Kultur-Bulletin of Slavic Cultures-Scientific and Informational Journal","volume":"396 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74315381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.37816/2073-9567-2022-64-292-303
O. V. Radzetskaya
The study examines the little-known and rarely performed Sonatas for viola and piano by N. A. Roslavets and S. N. Vasilenko, famous musicians and public figures, major representatives of the Russian school of composition, written due to the growing interest in viola performance, technical and artistic capabilities of the instrument. This trend is based on a direct response tothe work of V. V. Borisovsky, who became one of the great interpreters of this repertoire and determined the path of its development up to the present time. The sonata for viola and piano has become a space for experiment, symbolizing the departure from academic canons, the emergence of an alternative type of thinking, the birth of original musical systems. Another facet of this process came to be the compositions written in line with romantic tendencies characteristic of the chamber ensemble in Russian music. The paper focuses on the stylistic and genre features of these compositions, their artistic content, close to the current trends of musical art of the first third of the 20th century. The author displays a diverse palette of intellectual and creative facets, and identifies characteristic features of the composer's handwriting of Roslavets and Vasilenko in the context of traditions and innovation, successive relationships and new aesthetic views.
{"title":"Sonata for viola and piano in the Russian musical art of the first third of the 20th century: works by N. A. Roslavets and S. N. Vasilenko","authors":"O. V. Radzetskaya","doi":"10.37816/2073-9567-2022-64-292-303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37816/2073-9567-2022-64-292-303","url":null,"abstract":"The study examines the little-known and rarely performed Sonatas for viola and piano by N. A. Roslavets and S. N. Vasilenko, famous musicians and public figures, major representatives of the Russian school of composition, written due to the growing interest in viola performance, technical and artistic capabilities of the instrument. This trend is based on a direct response tothe work of V. V. Borisovsky, who became one of the great interpreters of this repertoire and determined the path of its development up to the present time. The sonata for viola and piano has become a space for experiment, symbolizing the departure from academic canons, the emergence of an alternative type of thinking, the birth of original musical systems. Another facet of this process came to be the compositions written in line with romantic tendencies characteristic of the chamber ensemble in Russian music. The paper focuses on the stylistic and genre features of these compositions, their artistic content, close to the current trends of musical art of the first third of the 20th century. The author displays a diverse palette of intellectual and creative facets, and identifies characteristic features of the composer's handwriting of Roslavets and Vasilenko in the context of traditions and innovation, successive relationships and new aesthetic views.","PeriodicalId":41255,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Slavianskikh Kultur-Bulletin of Slavic Cultures-Scientific and Informational Journal","volume":"339 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82404505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.37816/2073-9567-2022-63-21-43
V. Yakunin
The paper analyzes the process of spreading Orthodoxy among the Kalmyks at the end of the 17th – the first half of the 18th century and their resettlement in the city of Stavropol, specially founded for these purposes. It is argued that the resettlement of Kalmyks to new lands and their Christianization was a matter of state policy, which was distinguished by flexibility and pragmatism. It was carried out taking into account internal and external factors. Great importance was attached to the baptism of the Kalmyk elite resulting in the creation among them of a pro-government-minded elite. Influencing their fellow tribesmen, the elite was to become a pillar in the policy of Christianization. The study focuses on activity of state and church leaders who contributed to this process: V. N. Tatishchev, A. P. Volynsky, A. I. Rumyantsev, I. K. Kirillov, A. I. Zmeyev and others. When laying Stavropol, they were guided by the need to protect Russia from the raids of the Bashkirs: the fortress occupied a middle place between the Zakamsky and Orenburg fortifications. The city had good prospects of development, thanks to its favorable geographical position on a main waterway of Russia. The benefits received at baptism attracted a significant number of Kalmyks, but among them were many who did not accept Christianity at a deep spiritual level, continuing to follow their usual faith, most adapted to nomadic lifestyle. The new faith took root with difficulty. From the very beginning, Stavropol was built as a multinational city, since it was decided to settle Russian peasants, merchants and commoners next to the Kalmyks, so that the Kalmyks would learn, looking at them, to a settled way of life and tillage. In December 1738, the founder of Stavropol, V. N. Tatishchev, together with his first commandant, Colonel A. I. Zmeyev, went to the Collegium of Foreign Affairs with a proposal to allocate lands to the Kalmyks, to endow the poorest of them with horses, to arrange schools and hospitals. Settlement, enlightenment, health care, together with Christianization, were seen as mechanisms for turning the population of the colonized imperial outskirts, including the Kalmyks, onto a path of social and cultural modernization common to all of Russia. It is convincingly proved that the government's policy regarding the transfer of the Kalmyks to a settled way of life failed, because the traditions and habits of the nomads were too deep. Thus, the Christianization of the Kalmyks was of a rather formal nature, since they remained faithful to the former faith, facts of dual faith included.
本文分析了17世纪末至18世纪上半叶卡尔梅克人传播东正教的过程，以及他们在斯塔夫罗波尔市的重新安置，这是专门为此目的而建立的。有人认为，重新安置卡尔梅克人到新的土地和他们的基督教化是一个国家政策的问题，其特点是灵活性和实用主义。它是在考虑到内部和外部因素的情况下进行的。卡尔梅克精英的洗礼受到了极大的重视，结果在他们中间产生了一批亲政府的精英。精英们影响着他们的部落同胞，成为基督教化政策的支柱。这项研究的重点是对这一进程做出贡献的国家和教会领导人的活动:V. N.塔蒂什切夫，A. P.沃林斯基，A. I.鲁曼采夫，I. K.基里洛夫，A. I.兹梅耶夫和其他人。在建造斯塔夫罗波尔时，他们的指导方针是保护俄罗斯免受巴什基尔人的袭击:这座堡垒位于扎卡姆斯基和奥伦堡防御工事之间。由于其在俄罗斯主要水道上的有利地理位置，该市具有良好的发展前景。洗礼所带来的好处吸引了大量的卡尔梅克人，但其中有许多人并没有在精神层面上接受基督教，而是继续遵循他们通常的信仰，大多数人适应了游牧生活方式。这种新信仰好不容易才生根。从一开始，斯塔夫罗波尔就被建成了一个多民族城市，因为它决定让俄罗斯农民、商人和平民在卡尔梅克人旁边定居，这样卡尔梅克人就能学习，看着他们，一种定居的生活和耕作方式。1738年12月，斯塔夫罗波尔的创始人v·n·塔蒂舍夫(V. N. Tatishchev)和他的第一任指挥官a·i·兹梅耶夫(a . I. Zmeyev)上校前往外交事务委员会，提议将土地分配给卡尔梅克人，为最贫穷的卡尔梅克人提供马匹，安排学校和医院。定居点、启蒙运动、医疗保健以及基督教化，被视为将包括卡尔梅克人在内的帝国殖民地郊区的人口，转向全俄罗斯共同的社会和文化现代化道路的机制。令人信服的是，政府关于将卡尔梅克人转移到定居生活方式的政策失败了，因为游牧民族的传统和习惯太深了。因此，卡尔梅克人的基督教化具有相当正式的性质，因为他们仍然忠于前一种信仰，包括双重信仰的事实。
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Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.37816/2073-9567-2022-66-368-378
E. D. Lakizenko, T. Makarova
Traditionally, children copy the family and professional relationships of adults in their games. In the literature for children, the topic of studying the world around is important: both nature (in particular, the animal world) and social interaction — relations in the family and the children's team. A separate topic of children's literature is the study of the child's inner world: the formation of understanding and directions for the development of his emotions and feelings. In children of this age, a logical-conceptual connection is just beginning to develop, therefore illustrations in books for preschoolers are directly dependent on the text. Game motivation in a younger student is slowly giving way to a learning one, where actions are performed for the sake of certain knowledge and skills. This is a sure way to gain approval and recognition from both adults and peers, which determines the future status of the child (an important stage in the formation of self-esteem). There is no unequivocal opinion on the issue of the extent to which illustrations should be included in children's educational literature. Data on the influence of illustrations on the understanding of the text read by the child is ambiguous. Many researchers pay attention to the fact that the complete removal of illustrations may lead to a natural decrease in motivation to learn, and for this reason, “the motivational and attractive aspects of illustrations should not be ignored: it is well known that children love pictures”.
{"title":"Children`s Illustrated Book as a Source of Reality Perception: Themes, Images, Color Solution","authors":"E. D. Lakizenko, T. Makarova","doi":"10.37816/2073-9567-2022-66-368-378","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37816/2073-9567-2022-66-368-378","url":null,"abstract":"Traditionally, children copy the family and professional relationships of adults in their games. In the literature for children, the topic of studying the world around is important: both nature (in particular, the animal world) and social interaction — relations in the family and the children's team. A separate topic of children's literature is the study of the child's inner world: the formation of understanding and directions for the development of his emotions and feelings. In children of this age, a logical-conceptual connection is just beginning to develop, therefore illustrations in books for preschoolers are directly dependent on the text. Game motivation in a younger student is slowly giving way to a learning one, where actions are performed for the sake of certain knowledge and skills. This is a sure way to gain approval and recognition from both adults and peers, which determines the future status of the child (an important stage in the formation of self-esteem). There is no unequivocal opinion on the issue of the extent to which illustrations should be included in children's educational literature. Data on the influence of illustrations on the understanding of the text read by the child is ambiguous. Many researchers pay attention to the fact that the complete removal of illustrations may lead to a natural decrease in motivation to learn, and for this reason, “the motivational and attractive aspects of illustrations should not be ignored: it is well known that children love pictures”.","PeriodicalId":41255,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Slavianskikh Kultur-Bulletin of Slavic Cultures-Scientific and Informational Journal","volume":"144 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80345312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.37816/2073-9567-2022-64-208-216
Viktoria S. Kniazkova
Modern Slovak literature is nationally oriented. One of the frequent issues in the works of Slovak authors is the search for national identity. This issue is considered by writers explicitly, for example, in the story by Pavel Vilikovský “Všetko, čo viem o stredoeurópanstve” (1996, “Everything I know about Central Europeanism”), in the story by Michal Hvorecký “Profesionálny Stredoeurópan” (2004, “Professional Central European”); and implicitly, for example, in the novels of Peter Krishtufek “Šepkár” (2008, “The Prompter”), “Dom hluchého” (2012, “The House of the Deaf Man”), in the novels of Irena Brezhna “Na slepačích krídlach” (2007, “The Best of the Worlds”), “Nevďačná cudzinka” (2012, “The Thankless Stranger”), etc. These works contain various kinds of linguistic markers that express the author's position. These can be realia lexemes, foreign language inclusions, non-literary vocabulary, etc. The paper examines one of the elements that unite all the above-mentioned works — namely, the method of сircumlocution. Describing the situation in Slovakia, the authors in the above fiction works do not name their country, cities, people and language directly, instead giving only their descriptive designation. This technique can be viewed as a linguistic marker of the search for national identity.
现代斯洛伐克文学以民族为导向。斯洛伐克作家作品中经常出现的一个问题是对民族认同的追求。作家们明确地考虑了这个问题，例如，在帕维尔的故事Vilikovský“Všetko， o viem o stredoeurópanstve”(1996年，“我所知道的关于中欧主义的一切”)，在迈克尔的故事Hvorecký“Profesionálny Stredoeurópan”(2004年，“专业的中欧”);比如，在彼得·克里什图费克的小说中，“Šepkár”(2008年，“提示者”)，“Dom hluch”(2012年，“聋人之家”)，在伊莲娜·布雷日娜的小说中，“Na slepačích krídlach”(2007年，“最好的世界”)，“Nevďačná cudzinka”(2012年，“不讨好的陌生人”)，等等。这些作品包含了表达作者立场的各种语言标记。这些词汇可以是现实词汇、外语词汇、非文学词汇等。本文考察了统一上述所有作品的要素之一，即迂回法。在描述斯洛伐克的情况时，上述小说作品的作者没有直接说出他们的国家、城市、人民和语言，而是给出了描述性的名称。这种技术可以被看作是寻找民族认同的语言标记。
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Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.37816/2073-9567-2022-64-45-64
T. Zhigaltsova, Vasiliy N. Matonin, Ekaterina N. Egorova, N. Bedina
The paper analyzes the architectural and spatial design and toponymic structure of Pomor settlements based on authors archival and field data. It also updates structure and elements of cultural landscape, identifies and describes regional features of the architectural and spatial organization of the settlement and the type of its spatial perception by local residents. The authors come to the conclusion about the dominant role of the category of space. Economic factors determine the image of space for the bearers of traditional culture. The category of space reflects the inner world of the people who experience it. Toponymic contexts analyzed from the point of view of language semantics and culture demonstrate typical morphological and morphemic models of word formation, which indicate both the universality of settlement structures, and universal toponyms with a rich internal form generating a vast interpretational field and semantic contamination of a spatial type. The toponyms, formed from anthroponyms, showing territorial belonging and marking the “space — person” relationship, are frequently found. The toponyms that appeared by transition of common names into the proper ones (reverse antonomasia) are of special interest in terms of interpretation. At the same time, reverse antonomasia did not result from the loss of the object’s main function of indicating a specific geographical object, rather, it represented itself in acquiring additional connotations (for example, Volchikha (from the word ‘wolf’), Popov Ruchei (the priest’s creek) withinthe spatial category and use in a generalized way (for example, Niz (bottom), Verkhov’ye (upper reach), Konets (end), Posad (trade quarter). The analysis of toponymic data confirms that, on the one hand, there is a rigidly defined center in the mental image of space — the habitable territory. On the other hand, the image of space for commercial fishermen was characterized by vastness, and their “striving outside” attitude did not only have a pragmatic, but also an existential character.
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