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Fault Handling Methods and Comparison for Different DC Breaker Topologies and MMC Topologies of the HVDC System 高压直流系统不同断路器拓扑和MMC拓扑的故障处理方法及比较
Pub Date : 2018-02-07 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2719380
Xu Jiang, M. Bakran
The HVDC system has many significant benefits and is widely used around the world. The protection of HVDC system is always an issue, which should be solved. This paper presents the working principle of different protection schemes. The advantages and disadvantages of these protection schemes are also introduced. In order to solve the HVDC fault, two protection strategies are proposed. One design focusses on the topologies of the HVDC breaker in the HVDC line, such as all-solid HVDC breaker, resonant HVDC breaker, and hybrid HVDC breaker. The other design is from the viewpoint of converter topology, which has two types. One type generates the counter-emf in arms, such as full bridge MMC, hybrid MMC, and clamp-double MMC. The other type cuts off the current path from the AC side to the DC side, which is also introduced in this paper. Some performances of these topologies are compared, such as switching time and efficiency.
高压直流输电系统具有许多显著的优点,在世界范围内得到了广泛的应用。高压直流系统的保护一直是一个需要解决的问题。本文介绍了不同保护方案的工作原理。并介绍了这些保护方案的优缺点。为了解决高压直流故障,提出了两种保护策略。一种设计侧重于高压直流线路中高压直流断路器的拓扑结构,如全固态高压直流断路器、谐振式高压直流断路器和混合式高压直流断路器。另一种是从变换器拓扑的角度设计的,它有两种类型。一种类型在臂中产生反电动势,如全桥MMC,混合MMC和夹双MMC。另一种类型是切断从交流侧到直流侧的电流路径,本文也介绍了这种类型。比较了这些拓扑的切换时间和效率等性能。
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引用次数: 3
A Novel Analog Circuit Design for Maximum Power Point Tracking of Photovoltaic Panels 一种新的光伏板最大功率跟踪模拟电路设计
Pub Date : 2017-09-25 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9409801
Nesrine Mhiri, Abdulrahman Alahdal, H. Ghulman, A. Ammous
A new analog technique is proposed in order to track the maximum power point (MPP) of PV panels. The proposed technique uses the well-known simple functions of electronic circuits. The proposed technique is validated by applying it to boost based off grid PV system. The simulation of the PV system was done on the circuit oriented simulator Proteus-ISIS. A good efficiency of the analog technique (more than 98%) was registered. The variation of irradiation was introduced in order to study the robustness of the proposed analog MPPT technique.
为了跟踪光伏板的最大功率点,提出了一种新的模拟技术。所提出的技术使用了众所周知的电子电路的简单功能。将该方法应用于离网光伏系统中,验证了该方法的有效性。在面向电路的仿真器Proteus-ISIS上对光伏系统进行了仿真。模拟技术具有良好的效率(98%以上)。为了研究模拟MPPT技术的鲁棒性,引入了辐射的变化。
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引用次数: 4
Quantitative Analysis of Efficiency Improvement of a Propulsion Drive by Using SiC Devices: A Case of Study 应用SiC器件提高推进驱动器效率的定量分析:以实例为例
Pub Date : 2017-02-28 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9149472
Kundan Kumar, M. Bertoluzzo, G. Buja, F. Ortenzi
One of the emerging research topics in the propulsion drive of the electric vehicles is the improvement in the efficiency of its component parts, namely, the propulsion motor and the associated inverter. This paper is focused on the efficiency of the inverter and analyzes the improvement that follows from the replacement of the silicon (Si) IGBT devices with silicon carbide (SiC) MOSFETs. To this end, the paper starts by deriving the voltage-current solicitations of the inverter over the working torque-speed plane of the propulsion motor. Then, a proper model of the power losses in the inverter over a supply period of the motor is formulated for the two types of device, including the integrated freewheeling diode. By putting together the voltage-current solicitations and the device power losses, the efficiency maps of the Si IGBT and SiC MOSFET inverters are calculated and compared over the torque-speed plane. The results for the Si IGBT inverter are supported by measurements executed on a marketed C-segment compact electric car, while the SiC MOSFET loss model is validated by an on-purpose built test bench. Finally, the overall efficiency of the propulsion drive is calculated by accounting for the motor efficiency. Main outcomes of the paper is a quantitative evaluation of both the improvement in the efficiency achievable with the SiC MOSFETs and the ensuing increase in the electric car range.
电动汽车推进驱动的一个新兴研究课题是提高其组成部分,即推进电机及其相关逆变器的效率。本文重点研究了逆变器的效率,并分析了用碳化硅mosfet代替硅IGBT器件所带来的改进。为此,本文首先推导了逆变器在推进电机工作转矩-转速平面上的电压-电流变化。然后,针对这两种类型的器件,包括集成的自由旋转二极管,制定了逆变器在电机供电期间的功率损耗的适当模型。通过将电压电流请求和器件功率损耗放在一起,计算并比较了Si IGBT和SiC MOSFET逆变器在转矩-速度平面上的效率图。SiC IGBT逆变器的测试结果得到了c级紧凑型电动汽车的支持,而SiC MOSFET损耗模型则得到了专用试验台的验证。最后,通过计算电机效率来计算推进驱动的整体效率。本文的主要成果是对SiC mosfet效率的提高和电动汽车续航里程的增加进行了定量评估。
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引用次数: 3
Experimental Verification of a Battery Energy Storage System for Integration with Photovoltaic Generators 光伏发电集成蓄电池储能系统的实验验证
Pub Date : 2017-01-24 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8158964
Rajkiran Singh, S. Taghizadeh, N. Tan, S. Mekhilef
This paper presents the experimental verification of a 2 kW battery energy storage system (BESS). The BESS comprises a full-bridge bidirectional isolated dc-dc converter and a PWM converter that is intended for integration with a photovoltaic (PV) generator, resulting in leveling of the intermittent output power from the PV generator at the utility side. A phase-shift controller is also employed to manage the charging and discharging operations of the BESS based on PV output power and battery voltage. Moreover, a current controller that uses the - synchronous reference frame is proposed to regulate the dc voltage at the high-voltage side (HVS) to ensure that the voltage ratio of the HVS with low-voltage side (LVS) is equivalent to the transformer turns ratio. The proposed controllers allow fast response to changes in real power requirements and results in unity power factor current injection at the utility side. In addition, the efficient active power injection is achieved as the switching losses are minimized. The peak efficiency of the bidirectional isolated dc-dc converter is measured up to 95.4% during battery charging and 95.1% for battery discharging.
本文介绍了2kw电池储能系统(BESS)的实验验证。BESS包括一个全桥双向隔离dc-dc转换器和一个PWM转换器,该转换器旨在与光伏(PV)发电机集成,从而在公用事业侧平衡光伏发电机的间歇性输出功率。基于光伏输出功率和电池电压,采用移相控制器对BESS的充放电操作进行管理。提出了一种采用非同步参考系的电流控制器来调节高压侧(HVS)的直流电压,以保证高压侧(LVS)的电压比等于变压器匝数比。所提出的控制器允许对实际功率需求的变化做出快速响应,并在公用事业端产生统一的功率因数电流注入。此外,由于开关损耗最小,实现了高效的有功功率注入。双向隔离dc-dc变换器在电池充电时的峰值效率可达95.4%,放电时的峰值效率可达95.1%。
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引用次数: 1
Sensorless Control of Nonsinusoidal Permanent Magnet Brushless Motor Using Selective Torque Harmonic Elimination Control Method Based on Full-Order Sliding Mode Observer 基于全阶滑模观测器的选择转矩谐波消除控制方法对非正弦永磁无刷电机的无传感器控制
Pub Date : 2016-12-08 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9358604
A. H. Niasar, M. Ahmadi, S. H. Edjtahed
Nowadays, due to excellent advantages of permanent magnet brushless (PMBL) motors such as high efficiency and high torque/power density, they are used in many industrial and variable-speed electrical drives applications. If the fabricated PMBL motor has neither ideal sinusoidal nor ideal trapezoidal back-EMF voltages, it is named nonideal (or nonsinusoidal) PMBL motor. Employing conventional control strategies of PMSMs and BLDCMs lowers the efficiency and leads to unwanted torque ripple, vibration, and acoustic noises. Moreover, in many applications to reduce the cost and enhance the reliability of drive, sensorless control techniques are used. This paper proposes a novel sensorless control for a nonsinusoidal PMBL motor with minimum torque ripple. To develop smooth torque, the selected torque harmonic elimination strategy is employed. Furthermore, to estimate the rotor position and speed, a novel full-order sliding mode observer is designed. Proposed observer estimates the position and speed of motor from standstill to final speed. The proposed observer is robust to uncertainty of harmonic contents in phase back-EMF voltage and able to run the motor from standstill with closed-loop control scheme. The capabilities of torque ripple minimization and sensorless strategies are demonstrated with some simulations.
如今,由于永磁无刷(PMBL)电机具有高效率和高转矩/功率密度等优异优点,它们被用于许多工业和变速电气驱动应用中。如果所制造的PMBL电机既没有理想的正弦波电压,也没有理想的梯形反电动势电压,则称为非理想(或非正弦)PMBL电机。采用传统的永磁同步电机和无刷直流电机控制策略会降低效率,并导致不必要的转矩脉动、振动和噪声。此外,在许多应用中,为了降低成本和提高驱动的可靠性,使用了无传感器控制技术。本文提出了一种新颖的无传感器控制方法,用于最小转矩脉动的非正弦PMBL电机。为了实现平稳转矩,采用了优选的转矩谐波消除策略。此外,为了估计转子的位置和速度,设计了一种新的全阶滑模观测器。提出的观测器估计电机从静止到最终速度的位置和速度。该观测器对相位反电动势电压谐波含量的不确定性具有较强的鲁棒性,并能以闭环控制方式使电机从静止状态运行。通过一些仿真验证了转矩脉动最小化和无传感器策略的能力。
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引用次数: 3
Estimation of Parasitic Resistance of Electrolytic Capacitor and Filter Inductor and Prediction of Input Filter Induced Oscillations in a Switch-Mode Magnet Power Supply 开关磁铁电源中电解电容和滤波电感寄生电阻的估计及输入滤波器诱导振荡的预测
Pub Date : 2016-12-07 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7609103
R. Gour, M. Borage, A. Singh, S. Tiwari
In switch-mode power converters with large ratings, it is important to be able to predict the parasitic resistances associated with circuit elements such as electrolytic capacitor and filter inductor in the initial converter design stage itself to avoid the cost and time associated with actual design, prototype fabrication, and testing of these components. Knowing the values of parasitic elements is also important as they decide the possibility of closed-loop instability, besides affecting the other circuit parameters. In this paper, a way to estimate the equivalent series resistance of electrolytic capacitor and the winding resistance of filter inductor is proposed leading to their closed form expressions in terms of system parameters. Using these, procedure to predict the closed-loop instability induced due to the input filter is exemplified with illustrative calculations.
在具有大额定值的开关模式功率变换器中,能够在初始变换器设计阶段预测与电路元件(如电解电容和滤波电感)相关的寄生电阻非常重要,以避免与这些元件的实际设计、原型制造和测试相关的成本和时间。了解寄生元件的值也很重要,因为它们除了影响其他电路参数外,还决定了闭环不稳定的可能性。本文提出了一种估算电解电容等效串联电阻和滤波电感绕组电阻的方法,得到了它们在系统参数方面的封闭表达式。利用这些方法,用说明性计算举例说明了预测由输入滤波器引起的闭环不稳定性的过程。
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引用次数: 0
An Improved Control Strategy for a Four-Leg Grid-Forming Power Converter under Unbalanced Load Conditions 负载不平衡条件下四支路并网电源变换器的改进控制策略
Pub Date : 2016-08-29 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9123747
M. R. Miveh, M. F. Rahmat, M. Mustafa, A. Ghadimi, A. Rezvani
This paper proposes an improved multiloop control strategy for a three-phase four-leg voltage source inverter (VSI) operating with highly unbalanced loads in an autonomous distribution network. The main objective is to balance the output voltages of the four-leg inverter under unbalanced load conditions. The proposed control strategy consists of a proportional-integral (PI) voltage controller and a proportional current loop in each phase. The voltage controller and the current control loop are, respectively, used to regulate the instantaneous output voltage and generate the pulse width modulation (PWM) voltage command with zero steady-state tracking error and fast transient response. A voltage decoupling feedforward path is also used to enhance the system robustness. Since the outer voltage loop operates in the synchronous reference frame, tuning and stability analysis of the PI controller is far from being straightforward. In order to cope with this challenge, the stationary reference frame equivalent of the voltage controller in the rotating frame is derived. Subsequently, a systematic design based on a frequency response approach is provided. Simulation results are also carried out using the DIgSILENT PowerFactory software to verify the effectiveness of the suggested control strategy.
针对自主配电网中负载高度不平衡的三相四腿电压源逆变器,提出了一种改进的多环控制策略。主要目的是平衡负载不平衡条件下四腿逆变器的输出电压。所提出的控制策略包括一个比例积分(PI)电压控制器和每个相位的比例电流环。电压控制器和电流控制环分别用于调节瞬时输出电压,并产生具有零稳态跟踪误差和快速瞬态响应的脉宽调制(PWM)电压命令。采用电压解耦前馈电路增强了系统的鲁棒性。由于外部电压环在同步参考系中工作,PI控制器的调谐和稳定性分析远非直截了当。为了应对这一挑战,推导了静止参考系电压控制器在旋转参考系中的等效。随后,给出了基于频率响应方法的系统设计。利用DIgSILENT PowerFactory软件进行了仿真,验证了所提控制策略的有效性。
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引用次数: 17
Space Vector Modulation Technique for 3-Level NPC Converter with Constant Switching Frequency 定开关频率三电平NPC变换器的空间矢量调制技术
Pub Date : 2016-07-14 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6478751
I. Ouerdani, H. Abdelghani, A. B. Abdelghani, D. Montesinos-Miracle, I. Slama-Belkhodja
This paper presents a simple Space Vector Modulation (SVM) methodology for a three-level NPC converter. Nearest three vectors (NTV) and corresponding duty cycles are deduced through simple generic mathematical expressions. Extra degrees of freedom of NPC converter are used to fully benefit from SVM advantages and to control the switching frequency. Simulation and experimental results are presented and discussed to validate the proposed methodology.
本文提出了一种用于三电平NPC变换器的简单空间矢量调制(SVM)方法。通过简单的通用数学表达式推导出最接近三矢量(NTV)及其占空比。利用NPC变换器的额外自由度,充分利用支持向量机的优势,对开关频率进行控制。给出了仿真和实验结果,并进行了讨论,以验证所提出的方法。
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引用次数: 0
Optimal Method for Catastrophic Faults Diagnosis in RC Ladder Network RC阶梯网络突变故障诊断的最优方法
Pub Date : 2016-07-11 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7176981
A. R. Goel, M. Wajid
The RC ladder network has been analyzed for various catastrophic fault detection using minimal number of measurements. Generally, electronic circuit testing procedure is very exhaustive and includes higher cost; the presented approach will save fault diagnosis time. It is not possible to analyze the big RC ladder network to give the good fault coverage, so the ladder network has been broken into segments of different sizes. However, if segment size is small, it will cause more area overhead compared to bigger step size in terms of the interconnections and pins on the integrated circuit. A systematic and detailed analysis for one-step, two-step, three-step, and four-step RC ladder networks has been carried out for various faults and optimal step size is proposed. It has been investigated that three measurements are optimal to localize different catastrophic faults in a RC ladder network.
本文分析了RC梯网在各种灾难性故障检测中的应用。一般来说,电子电路测试程序非常详尽,成本较高;该方法可节省故障诊断时间。由于分析大型RC梯网无法给出良好的故障覆盖率,因此将梯网划分为不同大小的分段。然而,如果段尺寸较小,则在集成电路上的互连和引脚方面,与较大的步长相比,它将导致更多的面积开销。对各种故障情况下的一步、两步、三步和四步RC阶梯网络进行了系统详细的分析,并提出了最优步长。研究了三种测量方法对RC梯网中不同突变故障的最优定位。
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引用次数: 0
High-Voltage Converter for the Traction Application 牵引用高压变换器
Pub Date : 2016-06-29 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4705709
Sergey I. Vol’Skiy, Y. Skorokhod, D. Sorokin
High-voltage converter employing IGCT switches ( V) for traction application is presented. Such a power traction drive operates with an unstable input voltage over V DC and with an output power up to 1200 kW. The original power circuit of the high-voltage converter is demonstrated. Development of the attractive approach to designing the low-loss snubber circuits of the high-frequency IGCT switches is proposed. It is established on the complex multilevel analysis of the transient phenomena and power losses. The essential characteristics of the critical parameters under transient modes and the relation between the snubber circuit parameters and the losses are discussed. Experimental results for the prototype demonstrate the properties of new power circuit. The test results confirm the proposed high-voltage converter performance capability as well as verifying the suitability of the conception for its use in the Russian suburban train power system and other high-voltage applications.
介绍了一种采用IGCT开关(V)的牵引用高压变换器。这种动力牵引驱动器在直流电压以上的不稳定输入电压下运行,输出功率高达1200千瓦。给出了高压变换器的原始电源电路。提出了一种设计高频IGCT开关低损耗缓冲电路的有吸引力的方法。它建立在对暂态现象和功率损耗的复杂多层次分析的基础上。讨论了暂态模式下关键参数的基本特征以及缓冲电路参数与损耗的关系。样机的实验结果验证了新电源电路的性能。测试结果证实了所提出的高压转换器的性能,并验证了该概念在俄罗斯郊区列车电力系统和其他高压应用中的适用性。
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引用次数: 2
期刊
Advances in Power Electronic
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