S. Gkavanoudis, K. Oureilidis, G. Kryonidis, C. Demoulias
In a low-voltage islanded microgrid powered by renewable energy sources, the energy storage systems (ESSs) are considered necessary, in order to maintain the power balance. Since a microgrid can be composed of several distributed ESSs (DESSs), a coordinated control of their state-of-charge (SoC) should be implemented, ensuring the prolonged lifespan. This paper proposes a new decentralized control method for balancing the SoC of DESSs in islanded microgrids, without physical communication. Each DESS injects a current distortion at 175 Hz, when its SoC changes by 10%. This distortion is recognized by every DESS, through a phase-locked loop (PLL). In order to distinguish the origin of the distortion, each DESS injects a distortion of different time duration. This intermediate frequency has been selected in order to avoid the concurrence with the usual harmonics. The DESSs take advantage of this information and inject a current proportional to the SoC. Implementing this strategy, a comparable number of charging/discharging cycles for each DESS are achieved. Furthermore, an active filter operation, implemented in the rotating frame for each individual harmonic, is integrated in the control of the distributed generation units, supplying nonlinear loads with high-quality voltage. The effectiveness of this method is verified by detailed simulation results.
{"title":"A Control Method for Balancing the SoC of Distributed Batteries in Islanded Converter-Interfaced Microgrids","authors":"S. Gkavanoudis, K. Oureilidis, G. Kryonidis, C. Demoulias","doi":"10.1155/2016/8518769","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/8518769","url":null,"abstract":"In a low-voltage islanded microgrid powered by renewable energy sources, the energy storage systems (ESSs) are considered necessary, in order to maintain the power balance. Since a microgrid can be composed of several distributed ESSs (DESSs), a coordinated control of their state-of-charge (SoC) should be implemented, ensuring the prolonged lifespan. This paper proposes a new decentralized control method for balancing the SoC of DESSs in islanded microgrids, without physical communication. Each DESS injects a current distortion at 175 Hz, when its SoC changes by 10%. This distortion is recognized by every DESS, through a phase-locked loop (PLL). In order to distinguish the origin of the distortion, each DESS injects a distortion of different time duration. This intermediate frequency has been selected in order to avoid the concurrence with the usual harmonics. The DESSs take advantage of this information and inject a current proportional to the SoC. Implementing this strategy, a comparable number of charging/discharging cycles for each DESS are achieved. Furthermore, an active filter operation, implemented in the rotating frame for each individual harmonic, is integrated in the control of the distributed generation units, supplying nonlinear loads with high-quality voltage. The effectiveness of this method is verified by detailed simulation results.","PeriodicalId":412593,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Power Electronic","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114409396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Compared with AC-DC-AC converter, matrix converter (MC) has several advantages for its bidirectional power flow, controllable power factor, and the absence of large energy storage in dc-link. The topology of MC includes direct matrix converter (DMC) and indirect matrix converter (IMC). IMC has received great attention worldwide because of its easy implementation and safe commutation. Space vector PWM (SVM) algorithm for indirect matrix converter is realized on DSP and CPLD platform in this paper. The control of the rectifier and inverter in IMC can be decoupled because of the intermediate dc-link. The space vector modulation scheme for IMC is discussed and the PWM sequences for the rectifier and inverter are generated. And a two-step commutation of zero current switching (ZCS) in the rectifier is achieved. Input power factor of IMC can be changed by adjusting the angle of the reference current vector. Experimental tests have been conducted on a RB-IGBT based indirect matrix converter prototype. The results verify the performance of the SVM algorithm and the ability of power factor correction.
{"title":"Realization of SVM Algorithm for Indirect Matrix Converter and Its Application in Power Factor Control","authors":"Gang Li","doi":"10.1155/2015/740470","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/740470","url":null,"abstract":"Compared with AC-DC-AC converter, matrix converter (MC) has several advantages for its bidirectional power flow, controllable power factor, and the absence of large energy storage in dc-link. The topology of MC includes direct matrix converter (DMC) and indirect matrix converter (IMC). IMC has received great attention worldwide because of its easy implementation and safe commutation. Space vector PWM (SVM) algorithm for indirect matrix converter is realized on DSP and CPLD platform in this paper. The control of the rectifier and inverter in IMC can be decoupled because of the intermediate dc-link. The space vector modulation scheme for IMC is discussed and the PWM sequences for the rectifier and inverter are generated. And a two-step commutation of zero current switching (ZCS) in the rectifier is achieved. Input power factor of IMC can be changed by adjusting the angle of the reference current vector. Experimental tests have been conducted on a RB-IGBT based indirect matrix converter prototype. The results verify the performance of the SVM algorithm and the ability of power factor correction.","PeriodicalId":412593,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Power Electronic","volume":"2015 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128834009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The drop in DC-link voltage of adjustable speed drives (ASD) occurs mainly due to the increase in output power demands. This may lead to inefficient operation and eventually the tripping of the drive. This paper presents a Double Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation (DSVPWM) technique for boosting and compensating the DC-link voltage of Z-source inverter (ZSI). The DSVPWM technique estimates the required shoot through period of the Z-source inverter to maintain the DC-link voltage constant at the desired level through capacitor voltage control. The DSVPWM can obtain maximum boost at any given modulation index in comparison to simple boost control (SBC) method. It also utilizes the dead time more effectively. The speed control of the ZSI fed induction motor drive is done by employing indirect field-oriented (IFO) control method. A 32-bit DSP (TMS320F28335) is used to implement the IFOC-DSVPWM method for ZSI. The power structure and the modulation technique are well suited for electric vehicle application.
{"title":"An IFOC-DSVPWM Based DC-Link Voltage Compensation of Z-Source Inverter Fed Induction Motor Drive for EVs","authors":"Ananda Kumar Akkarapaka, Dheerendra Singh","doi":"10.1155/2015/185381","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/185381","url":null,"abstract":"The drop in DC-link voltage of adjustable speed drives (ASD) occurs mainly due to the increase in output power demands. This may lead to inefficient operation and eventually the tripping of the drive. This paper presents a Double Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation (DSVPWM) technique for boosting and compensating the DC-link voltage of Z-source inverter (ZSI). The DSVPWM technique estimates the required shoot through period of the Z-source inverter to maintain the DC-link voltage constant at the desired level through capacitor voltage control. The DSVPWM can obtain maximum boost at any given modulation index in comparison to simple boost control (SBC) method. It also utilizes the dead time more effectively. The speed control of the ZSI fed induction motor drive is done by employing indirect field-oriented (IFO) control method. A 32-bit DSP (TMS320F28335) is used to implement the IFOC-DSVPWM method for ZSI. The power structure and the modulation technique are well suited for electric vehicle application.","PeriodicalId":412593,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Power Electronic","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116135318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The accuracy of the lifetime calculation approach of IGBT power modules used in hybrid-electric powertrains suffers greatly from the inaccurate knowledge of application typical load-profiles. To verify the theoretical load-profiles with data from the field this paper presents a concept to record all junction temperature cycles of an IGBT power module during its operation in a test vehicle. For this purpose the IGBT junction temperature is measured with a modified gate driver that determines the temperature sensitive IGBT internal gate resistor by superimposing the negative gate voltage with a high-frequency identification signal. An integrated control unit manages the measurement during the regular switching operation, the exchange of data with the system controller, and the automatic calibration of the sensor system. To calculate and store temperature cycles on a microcontroller an online Rainflow counting algorithm was developed. The special feature of this algorithm is a very accurate extraction of lifetime relevant information with a significantly reduced calculation and storage effort. Until now the recording concept could be realized and tested within a laboratory voltage source inverter. Currently the IGBT driver with integrated junction temperature measurement and the online cycle recording algorithm is integrated in the voltage source inverter of first test vehicles. Such research will provide representative load-profiles to verify and optimize the theoretical load-profiles used in today’s lifetime calculation.
{"title":"Online Junction Temperature Cycle Recording of an IGBT Power Module in a Hybrid Car","authors":"Marco A. Denk, M. Bakran","doi":"10.1155/2015/652389","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/652389","url":null,"abstract":"The accuracy of the lifetime calculation approach of IGBT power modules used in hybrid-electric powertrains suffers greatly from the inaccurate knowledge of application typical load-profiles. To verify the theoretical load-profiles with data from the field this paper presents a concept to record all junction temperature cycles of an IGBT power module during its operation in a test vehicle. For this purpose the IGBT junction temperature is measured with a modified gate driver that determines the temperature sensitive IGBT internal gate resistor by superimposing the negative gate voltage with a high-frequency identification signal. An integrated control unit manages the measurement during the regular switching operation, the exchange of data with the system controller, and the automatic calibration of the sensor system. To calculate and store temperature cycles on a microcontroller an online Rainflow counting algorithm was developed. The special feature of this algorithm is a very accurate extraction of lifetime relevant information with a significantly reduced calculation and storage effort. Until now the recording concept could be realized and tested within a laboratory voltage source inverter. Currently the IGBT driver with integrated junction temperature measurement and the online cycle recording algorithm is integrated in the voltage source inverter of first test vehicles. Such research will provide representative load-profiles to verify and optimize the theoretical load-profiles used in today’s lifetime calculation.","PeriodicalId":412593,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Power Electronic","volume":"409 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132057140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Electric traction uses three phase locomotives in main line services. Three phase locomotives consist of voltage source inverters for driving the traction motors. This paper proposes a hybrid algorithm for bidirectional Z-source inverters in accelerating region of operation of locomotives. The speed control method adopted is same as that in the existing three phase locomotives which is variable voltage variable frequency. Bidirectional Z-source inverter is designed for getting the same output power as in voltage source inverter fed locomotives. Simulation is done in all regions of traction speed curve, namely, acceleration, free running, and braking by regeneration. The voltage stress across the devices and modulation index are considered while analyzing the proposed control algorithm. It is found that the modulation index remains at a high value over the entire range of frequencies. Due to the higher value of modulation index the harmonics in the inverter output voltage is reduced. Also the voltage stress across devices is limited to a value below the device rating used in the present three phase locomotives. A small scale prototype of the bi-directional Z-source inverter fed drive is developed in the laboratory and the hybrid control was verified in the control topology.
{"title":"Hybrid Control for Bidirectional Z-Source Inverter for Locomotives","authors":"V. Vijayan, S. Ashok","doi":"10.1155/2015/264374","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/264374","url":null,"abstract":"Electric traction uses three phase locomotives in main line services. Three phase locomotives consist of voltage source inverters for driving the traction motors. This paper proposes a hybrid algorithm for bidirectional Z-source inverters in accelerating region of operation of locomotives. The speed control method adopted is same as that in the existing three phase locomotives which is variable voltage variable frequency. Bidirectional Z-source inverter is designed for getting the same output power as in voltage source inverter fed locomotives. Simulation is done in all regions of traction speed curve, namely, acceleration, free running, and braking by regeneration. The voltage stress across the devices and modulation index are considered while analyzing the proposed control algorithm. It is found that the modulation index remains at a high value over the entire range of frequencies. Due to the higher value of modulation index the harmonics in the inverter output voltage is reduced. Also the voltage stress across devices is limited to a value below the device rating used in the present three phase locomotives. A small scale prototype of the bi-directional Z-source inverter fed drive is developed in the laboratory and the hybrid control was verified in the control topology.","PeriodicalId":412593,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Power Electronic","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129210244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In many photovoltaic (PV) energy conversion systems, nonisolated DC-DC converters with high voltage gain are desired. The PV exhibits a nonlinear power characteristic which greatly depends on the environmental conditions. Hence in order to draw maximum available power various algorithms are used with PV voltage/current or both as an input for the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) controller. In this paper, golden section search (GSS) based MPPT control and its application with three-level DC-DC boost converter for MPPT are demonstrated. The three-level boost converter provides the high voltage transfer which enables the high power PV system to work with low size inductors with high efficiency. The balancing of the voltage across the two capacitors of the converter and MPPT is achieved using a simple duty cycle based voltage controller. Detailed simulation of three-level DC-DC converter topology with GSS algorithm is carried out in MATLAB/SIMULINK platform. The validation of the proposed system is done by the experiments carried out on hardware prototype of 100 W converter with low cost AT’mega328 controller as a core controller. From the results, the proposed system suits as one of the solutions for PV based generation system and the experimental results show high performance, such as a conversion efficiency of 94%.
{"title":"Design and Implementation of Three-Level DC-DC Converter with Golden Section Search Based MPPT for the Photovoltaic Applications","authors":"Chouki Balakishan, N. Sandeep, M. Aware","doi":"10.1155/2015/587197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/587197","url":null,"abstract":"In many photovoltaic (PV) energy conversion systems, \u0000nonisolated DC-DC converters with high voltage gain are \u0000desired. The PV exhibits a nonlinear power characteristic which \u0000greatly depends on the environmental conditions. Hence in order to \u0000draw maximum available power various algorithms are used with \u0000PV voltage/current or both as an input for the maximum power \u0000point tracking (MPPT) controller. In this paper, golden section \u0000search (GSS) based MPPT control and its application with three-level \u0000DC-DC boost converter for MPPT are demonstrated. The \u0000three-level boost converter provides the high voltage transfer \u0000which enables the high power PV system to work with low size \u0000inductors with high efficiency. The balancing of the voltage across \u0000the two capacitors of the converter and MPPT is achieved using \u0000a simple duty cycle based voltage controller. Detailed simulation \u0000of three-level DC-DC converter topology with GSS algorithm is \u0000carried out in MATLAB/SIMULINK platform. The validation of \u0000the proposed system is done by the experiments carried out on \u0000hardware prototype of 100 W converter with low cost AT’mega328 \u0000controller as a core controller. From the results, the proposed \u0000system suits as one of the solutions for PV based generation system \u0000and the experimental results show high performance, such as a \u0000conversion efficiency of 94%.","PeriodicalId":412593,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Power Electronic","volume":"140 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122863476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A current source converter (CSC) based static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) is a shunt flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) device, which has a vital role as a stability support for small and large transient instability in an interconnected power network. This paper investigates the impact of a novel and robust pole-shifting controller for CSC-STATCOM to improve the transient stability of the multimachine power system. The proposed algorithm utilizes CSC based STATCOM to supply reactive power to the test system to maintain the transient stability in the event of severe contingency. Firstly, modeling and pole-shifting controller design for CSC based STATCOM are stated. After that, we show the impact of the proposed method in the multimachine power system with different disturbances. Here, applicability of the proposed scheme is demonstrated through simulation in MATLAB and the simulation results show an improvement in the transient stability of multimachine power system with CSC-STATCOM. Also clearly shown, the robustness and effectiveness of CSC-STATCOM are better rather than other shunt FACTS devices (SVC and VSC-STATCOM) by comparing the results in this paper.
{"title":"Transient Stability Enhancement of Multimachine Power System Using Robust and Novel Controller Based CSC-STATCOM","authors":"S. Gupta, R. K. Tripathi","doi":"10.1155/2015/626731","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/626731","url":null,"abstract":"A current source converter (CSC) based static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) is a shunt flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) device, which has a vital role as a stability support for small and large transient instability in an interconnected power network. This paper investigates the impact of a novel and robust pole-shifting controller for CSC-STATCOM to improve the transient stability of the multimachine power system. The proposed algorithm utilizes CSC based STATCOM to supply reactive power to the test system to maintain the transient stability in the event of severe contingency. Firstly, modeling and pole-shifting controller design for CSC based STATCOM are stated. After that, we show the impact of the proposed method in the multimachine power system with different disturbances. Here, applicability of the proposed scheme is demonstrated through simulation in MATLAB and the simulation results show an improvement in the transient stability of multimachine power system with CSC-STATCOM. Also clearly shown, the robustness and effectiveness of CSC-STATCOM are better rather than other shunt FACTS devices (SVC and VSC-STATCOM) by comparing the results in this paper.","PeriodicalId":412593,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Power Electronic","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123162203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper proposes a simple, accurate, and easy to model approach for the simulation of photovoltaic (PV) array and also provides a comparative analysis of the same with two other widely used models. It is highly imperative that the maximum power point (MPP) is achieved effectively and thus a simple and robust mathematical model is necessary that poses less mathematical complexity as well as low data storage requirement, in which the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm can be realized in an effective way. Further, the resemblance of the P-V and I-V curves as obtained on the basis of experimental data should also be taken into account for theoretical validation. In addition, the study incorporates the root mean square deviation (RMSD) from the experimental data, the fill factor (FF), the efficiency of the model, and the time required for simulation. Two models have been used to investigate the I-V and P-V characteristics. Perturb and Observe method has been adopted for MPPT. The MPP tracking is realized using field programmable gate array (FPGA) to prove the effectiveness of the proposed approach. All the systems are modeled and simulated in MATLAB/Simulink environment.
{"title":"Comprehensive Analysis and Experimental Validation of an Improved Mathematical Modeling of Photovoltaic Array","authors":"S. Bal, A. Anurag, M. Nanda, S. Sourav","doi":"10.1155/2015/654092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/654092","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a simple, accurate, and easy to model approach for the simulation of photovoltaic (PV) array and also provides a comparative analysis of the same with two other widely used models. It is highly imperative that the maximum power point (MPP) is achieved effectively and thus a simple and robust mathematical model is necessary that poses less mathematical complexity as well as low data storage requirement, in which the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm can be realized in an effective way. Further, the resemblance of the P-V and I-V curves as obtained on the basis of experimental data should also be taken into account for theoretical validation. In addition, the study incorporates the root mean square deviation (RMSD) from the experimental data, the fill factor (FF), the efficiency of the model, and the time required for simulation. Two models have been used to investigate the I-V and P-V characteristics. Perturb and Observe method has been adopted for MPPT. The MPP tracking is realized using field programmable gate array (FPGA) to prove the effectiveness of the proposed approach. \u0000All the systems are modeled and simulated in MATLAB/Simulink environment.","PeriodicalId":412593,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Power Electronic","volume":"304 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129330139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper presents a novel CMOS low-power voltage limiter/regulator circuit with hysteresis for inductive power transfer in an implanted telemetry application. The circuit controls its rail voltage to the maximum value of 3 V DC employing 100 mV of comparator hysteresis. It occupies a silicon area of only 127 µm × 125 µm using the 130 nm IBM CMOS process. In addition, the circuit dissipated less than 1 mW and was designed using thick-oxide 3.6 V NMOS and PMOS devices available in the process library.
本文提出了一种新颖的CMOS低功耗迟滞限压/稳压电路，用于植入式遥测中的感应功率传输。电路利用100mv的比较器迟滞控制其轨道电压至3v DC的最大值。它采用130 nm IBM CMOS工艺，仅占用127 μ m × 125 μ m的硅面积。此外，该电路的功耗小于1 mW，并使用工艺库中的厚氧化物3.6 V NMOS和PMOS器件进行设计。
{"title":"A Low-Power Voltage Limiter/Regulator IC in Standard Thick-Oxide 130 nm CMOS for Inductive Power Transfer Application","authors":"S. Lapshev, S. Hasan","doi":"10.1155/2014/317523","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/317523","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a novel CMOS low-power voltage limiter/regulator circuit with hysteresis for inductive power transfer in an implanted telemetry application. The circuit controls its rail voltage to the maximum value of 3 V DC employing 100 mV of comparator hysteresis. It occupies a silicon area of only 127 µm × 125 µm using the 130 nm IBM CMOS process. In addition, the circuit dissipated less than 1 mW and was designed using thick-oxide 3.6 V NMOS and PMOS devices available in the process library.","PeriodicalId":412593,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Power Electronic","volume":"2014 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128692003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rajkiran Singh, S. Taghizadeh, N. Tan, J. Pasupuleti
Fluctuating photovoltaic (PV) output power reduces the reliability in power system when there is a massive penetration of PV generators. Energy storage systems that are connected to the PV generators using bidirectional isolated dc-dc converter can be utilized for compensating the fluctuating PV power. This paper presents a grid connected energy storage system based on a 2 kW full-bridge bidirectional isolated dc-dc converter and a PWM converter for PV output power leveling. This paper proposes two controllers: a current controller using the d-q synchronous reference and a phase-shift controller. The main function of the current controller is to regulate the voltage at the high-side dc, so that the voltage ratio of the high-voltage side (HVS) with low-voltage side (LVS) is equal to the transformer turns ratio. The phase-shift controller is employed to manage the charging and discharging modes of the battery based on PV output power and battery voltage. With the proposed system, unity power factor and efficient active power injection are achieved. The feasibility of the proposed control system is investigated using PSCAD simulation.
{"title":"Battery Energy Storage System for PV Output Power Leveling","authors":"Rajkiran Singh, S. Taghizadeh, N. Tan, J. Pasupuleti","doi":"10.1155/2014/796708","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/796708","url":null,"abstract":"Fluctuating photovoltaic (PV) output power reduces the reliability in power system when there is a massive penetration of PV generators. Energy storage systems that are connected to the PV generators using bidirectional isolated dc-dc converter can be utilized for compensating the fluctuating PV power. This paper presents a grid connected energy storage system based on a 2 kW full-bridge bidirectional isolated dc-dc converter and a PWM converter for PV output power leveling. This paper proposes two controllers: a current controller using the d-q synchronous reference and a phase-shift controller. The main function of the current controller is to regulate the voltage at the high-side dc, so that the voltage ratio of the high-voltage side (HVS) with low-voltage side (LVS) is equal to the transformer turns ratio. The phase-shift controller is employed to manage the charging and discharging modes of the battery based on PV output power and battery voltage. With the proposed system, unity power factor and efficient active power injection are achieved. The feasibility of the proposed control system is investigated using PSCAD simulation.","PeriodicalId":412593,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Power Electronic","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131681172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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