Pub Date : 2016-12-01DOI: 10.1386/ijfs.19.3-4.275_1
Christopher T. Bonner
This article examines the poems collected in Ferrements (1960) – the last collection of poems that Aime Cesaire would publish for another two decades – against the Cold War context of Cesaire’s 1956 separation from Soviet communism. Critics tend to view this collection as either a reflection of Cesaire’s disillusionment with radical politics or a turn away from avant-garde poetry. This article makes the case that the poems of Ferrements are in fact crucial to the development of Cesaire’s political thought in this period of ideological rupture. As this article demonstrates, Cesaire uses the conceptual tools of poetry towards a systematic analysis of the changed geopolitical situation of the global Cold War. The article focuses especially on Cesaire’s extensive use of geographic imagery, his elegies for insurrectionary figures, and congruities between the poetics of Ferrements and the geopolitical stance of non-alignment.
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This article addresses the question whether the French military intervention in Mali in 2013 (Operation Serval) and the follow-up Operation Barkhane are evidence of a new French military strategy in Africa. The first part briefly sets out the chronology of events that led to the French intervention. The decision-making process in Paris that led to the decision to intervene and the sequence of events following the intervention is then examined, in order to show that this raised important questions about the viability of the key principles – partnership, ‘Africanization’ and ‘Europeanization’ – that informed and underpinned France’s Africa policy from the late 1990s. It is argued that Operation Serval and the follow-on operation, Barkhane, need to be understood, first, in the context of the importance attached to Africa as a privileged arena for the projection of French power overseas. Second, they must be understood in the geopolitical context of the neo-liberal post-Cold War international order, within which France, as a major western power and permanent member of the UNSC, feels it has a responsibility to undertake certain actions. Third, they should also be understood against the background of the failure to reform the institutional architecture of Africa policy-making, in particular the roles of the Ministry of Defence and the ‘Africa cell’ at the Elysee Palace, which have traditionally played a pivotal role in Africa policy. Finally, the article argues that a new Africa strategy did emerge under President Hollande, albeit in an unplanned and incremental manner, but that the resulting policy is some distance from representing a renovated, or ‘normalized’, Africa policy based on a new partnership with Africa.
{"title":"France in Mali: towards a new Africa strategy?","authors":"T. Chafer","doi":"10.1386/IJFS.19.2.119_1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1386/IJFS.19.2.119_1","url":null,"abstract":"This article addresses the question whether the French military intervention in Mali in 2013 (Operation Serval) and the follow-up Operation Barkhane are evidence of a new French military strategy in Africa. The first part briefly sets out the chronology of events that led to the French intervention. The decision-making process in Paris that led to the decision to intervene and the sequence of events following the intervention is then examined, in order to show that this raised important questions about the viability of the key principles – partnership, ‘Africanization’ and ‘Europeanization’ – that informed and underpinned France’s Africa policy from the late 1990s. It is argued that Operation Serval and the follow-on operation, Barkhane, need to be understood, first, in the context of the importance attached to Africa as a privileged arena for the projection of French power overseas. Second, they must be understood in the geopolitical context of the neo-liberal post-Cold War international order, within which France, as a major western power and permanent member of the UNSC, feels it has a responsibility to undertake certain actions. Third, they should also be understood against the background of the failure to reform the institutional architecture of Africa policy-making, in particular the roles of the Ministry of Defence and the ‘Africa cell’ at the Elysee Palace, which have traditionally played a pivotal role in Africa policy. Finally, the article argues that a new Africa strategy did emerge under President Hollande, albeit in an unplanned and incremental manner, but that the resulting policy is some distance from representing a renovated, or ‘normalized’, Africa policy based on a new partnership with Africa.","PeriodicalId":41286,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FRANCOPHONE STUDIES","volume":"19 1","pages":"119-141"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2016-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1386/IJFS.19.2.119_1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66712786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"France in Mali","authors":"K. Salhi","doi":"10.1386/IJFS.19.2.115_2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1386/IJFS.19.2.115_2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41286,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FRANCOPHONE STUDIES","volume":"19 1","pages":"115-117"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2016-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66712743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article considers the context and consequences of French intervention in Mali, 2013-14, through a prism which seeks to focus on military aspects. Starting from the premise that a successful intervention was not a foregone conclusion, it argues that the outcomes of the conflict did carry elements of success, but additionally raised a wide range of questions about broader implications of the purposes and means of French action. Of note, Francois Hollande’s placement of the intervention squarely in the context of dangers of international terrorism and the importance of multilateral responses posed particular limits on evaluations of the outcomes of Operation Serval. Not least, in the light of apparently long-standing contradictions in French perspectives towards military engagements in Africa, questions were raised concerning Hollande’s declared intentions to pursue new partnerships with Africa, measured against the swift and sustained recourse to military intervention in Africa which has characterized his presidency to date. Initial assessments of success in Mali might well have indicated positive outcomes: this article suggests that the longer-term implications could be less assured.
{"title":"Mali: vive la Coloniale?","authors":"R. Utley","doi":"10.1386/IJFS.19.2.143_1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1386/IJFS.19.2.143_1","url":null,"abstract":"This article considers the context and consequences of French intervention in Mali, 2013-14, through a prism which seeks to focus on military aspects. Starting from the premise that a successful intervention was not a foregone conclusion, it argues that the outcomes of the conflict did carry elements of success, but additionally raised a wide range of questions about broader implications of the purposes and means of French action. Of note, Francois Hollande’s placement of the intervention squarely in the context of dangers of international terrorism and the importance of multilateral responses posed particular limits on evaluations of the outcomes of Operation Serval. Not least, in the light of apparently long-standing contradictions in French perspectives towards military engagements in Africa, questions were raised concerning Hollande’s declared intentions to pursue new partnerships with Africa, measured against the swift and sustained recourse to military intervention in Africa which has characterized his presidency to date. Initial assessments of success in Mali might well have indicated positive outcomes: this article suggests that the longer-term implications could be less assured.","PeriodicalId":41286,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FRANCOPHONE STUDIES","volume":"19 1","pages":"143-172"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2016-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66712800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"How the French Operation Serval was viewed on the ground: a journalistic perspective","authors":"C. Hicks","doi":"10.1386/IJFS.19.2.193_7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1386/IJFS.19.2.193_7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41286,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FRANCOPHONE STUDIES","volume":"25 2 1","pages":"193-207"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2016-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66712866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Progress, change and development: Francophone perspectives","authors":"Fabienne Chamelot, M. Majumdar","doi":"10.1386/ijfs.19.1.11_7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1386/ijfs.19.1.11_7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41286,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FRANCOPHONE STUDIES","volume":"19 1","pages":"11-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2016-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66712551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"L’Algérie: La postindépendance, l’effervescence cosmopolite et la littérature","authors":"B. Chikhi","doi":"10.1386/ijfs.19.1.41_1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1386/ijfs.19.1.41_1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41286,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FRANCOPHONE STUDIES","volume":"19 1","pages":"41-47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2016-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66712613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Tunisian internal autonomy and the transformation of the French colonial empire","authors":"R. Ikeda","doi":"10.1386/IJFS.19.1.15_1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1386/IJFS.19.1.15_1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41286,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FRANCOPHONE STUDIES","volume":"19 1","pages":"15-27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2016-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1386/IJFS.19.1.15_1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66712588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Transformations institutionnelles et développement économique dans la zone franc en Afrique de l’Ouest (1960–1990)","authors":"V. Duchaussoy","doi":"10.1386/IJFS.19.1.49_1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1386/IJFS.19.1.49_1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41286,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FRANCOPHONE STUDIES","volume":"19 1","pages":"49-63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2016-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1386/IJFS.19.1.49_1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66712657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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