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The flagship of economic, mathematical and computer modeling: 60 years in line 经济,数学和计算机建模的旗舰:60年的排队
Q4 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.31857/s042473880027042-5
George Kleiner
Main directions and evolution routes of the Central Economics and Mathematics Institute (CEMI) as a leader of domestic economic science in the development and application of economic-mathematical and information-computer models of socio-economic processes and systems were analyzed in the paper. The connection of modeling with such components of the economy as economic theory, economic policy, economic management and economic practice were clarified. It was shown that the economic and mathematical model plays an indispensable role in the integration and systematization of knowledge in the field of economic theory and economic practice. A generalized scheme and the sequence of modeling stages based on the concept of a model as a homomorphic image of a real object in the field of ontology (“the world of things”), ideology (“the world of ideas”), epistemology (“the world of knowledge”) and praxeology (“the world of creation”), were proposed. The evolution of the main components of modeling which had significantly changed over the past 60 years the ideas about the object, subject, goals, apparatus and empirical basis of modeling, were traced. The experience accumulated at CEMI RAS in this area allows us to propose the concept of evidence-based modeling, similar to the ideology of evidence-based medicine, evidence-based policy, evidence-based forecasting, aimed at qualitatively improving the validity and reliability of modeling results for applying in economic theory and practice. The main principles of evidence-based modeling that have to play the role of standards for evidence-based modeling were formulated. The modeling process was considered as an analogue of an innovative project, where every independent stage (likewise the entire project) should be carried out according to these standards. A list of the most important, in our opinion, pioneer works of CEMI RAS in the field of economic-mathematical and computer modeling, which determine significant directions for the further development of this field of science, were given.
分析了中央经济数学研究所作为国内经济科学领域的带头人,在社会经济过程和系统的经济数学模型和信息计算机模型的开发与应用方面的主要方向和发展路线。阐明了建模与经济理论、经济政策、经济管理和经济实践等经济组成部分的联系。研究表明,在经济理论和经济实践领域中,经济模型和数学模型在知识的整合和系统化中起着不可或缺的作用。在本体论(“物的世界”)、意识形态(“观念的世界”)、认识论(“知识的世界”)和行动论(“创造的世界”)领域中,提出了一种基于模型作为真实对象同态图像概念的广义方案和建模阶段顺序。回顾了近60年来建模主要组成部分的演变过程,即建模的客体、主体、目标、工具和经验基础等方面的观念发生了重大变化。CEMI RAS在这方面积累的经验使我们能够提出循证建模的概念,类似于循证医学、循证政策、循证预测的思想,旨在定性地提高建模结果的效度和可靠性,以应用于经济理论和实践。提出了循证建模的主要原则,为循证建模制定了标准。建模过程被认为是一个创新项目的模拟,其中每个独立阶段(类似于整个项目)都应该根据这些标准进行。我们认为,CEMI RAS在经济数学和计算机建模领域中最重要的开创性工作的清单,为这一科学领域的进一步发展确定了重要的方向。
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引用次数: 0
Modern and promising opportunities to improve the economic efficiency of grain farming in Russia. 提高俄罗斯粮食农业经济效率的现代和有希望的机会。
Q4 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.31857/s042473880023371-7
Victor Denisov
The article evaluates, according to the criterion of maximizing national economic efficiency, alternative directions for the development of grain production and export known among agricultural scientists; significant difficulties in the functioning of the production of grain, livestock products and their supply to foreign markets in the changed external economic conditions are shown. In this regard, the well-known concepts of developing grain exports and increasing its consumption in animal husbandry as fodder are assessed in a new way, taking into account the likely decrease in the output of final products due to the limited access of the Russian agricultural industry to the use of high-performance efficient technologies in all its divisions, including grain farming. In contrast to the well-known arguments that take into account the individual pros and cons of different areas of development of the grain subcomplex of the agro-industrial complex, the article proposes the principle and tools for their clear quantitative measurement using methods of economic and mathematical modeling. It suggests both the complete acceptance or rejection of one of the directions, and their optimal ratio.
本文以国民经济效益最大化为准则,对农业科学家所知的粮食生产和出口发展方向进行了评价;报告指出,在外部经济条件发生变化的情况下,粮食和牲畜产品的生产运作及其向国外市场的供应存在重大困难。在这方面,考虑到由于俄罗斯农业在其所有部门(包括粮食种植)使用高性能高效技术的机会有限,最终产品的产量可能会下降,以新的方式评估了发展粮食出口和增加畜牧业作为饲料消费的众所周知的概念。与考虑农工综合体粮食子综合体不同发展区域的个体利弊的著名论点相反,本文提出了使用经济和数学建模方法进行明确定量测量的原则和工具。它既表明了对其中一个方向的完全接受或拒绝,也表明了它们的最佳比例。
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引用次数: 0
Dynamic Model of Economic Agents Including Interaction and Delay Effects 包含交互和延迟效应的经济主体动态模型
Q4 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.31857/s042473880026952-6
Talgat Kilmatov
Abstract: The dynamic model of economic growth of several agents is presented. This is a system of non-linear differential-difference equations. The model takes into account the interaction of economic agents and the delay effect. Some simple analytic particular solutions are shown. These analytical solutions allow some clear economic interpretation. The comparative scenario quantitative calculations are given. The calculations are presented for time period of a decade for the typical global development rate of 3% per year. There are two main scenarios. The first scenario of cooperative or isolated agent development is considered. There is the scenario of the agent development due to use the other partners. The consequence of isolation is the backlog of 60% per decade. The second scenario is the time delay-lead effect to use the achievements of other agents. A lead of one - two years is considered. In this case, ceteris paribus, the dynamic growth of the agent is 1.5 times ahead of the others. More effective growth occurs with the faster and advance reaction rate to partner achievements. In this case there is the effect of the multiplicative accumulation of advantage. This scenario can be interpreted as the illustration of the accelerated economic growth of post-war Japan.
摘要:提出了多主体经济增长的动态模型。这是一个非线性微分-差分方程组。该模型考虑了经济主体之间的相互作用和时滞效应。给出了一些简单的解析特解。这些分析性的解决方案提供了一些清晰的经济解释。给出了比较情景的定量计算。以典型的全球发展速度为每年3%的十年为周期进行计算。主要有两种情况。考虑了合作或孤立代理开发的第一种场景。有一个由于使用其他合作伙伴而导致代理开发的场景。隔离的后果是每十年积压60%。第二种情况是使用其他代理成果的时间延迟-先导效应。考虑领先1 - 2年。在这种情况下,在其他条件相同的情况下,药剂的动态生长速度是其他药剂的1.5倍。对合作伙伴成就的反应速度越快,增长越有效。在这种情况下,有优势的乘法积累的影响。这种情况可以解释为战后日本经济加速增长的例证。
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引用次数: 0
AN APPROACH TO DEVELOPING AN INFORMATION RESEARCH ENVIRONMENT FOR ANALYSIS OF SCIENTIFIC INFORMATION RESOURCES AND CREATING ANNOTATED CORPORA 为科学信息资源分析和创建标注语料库而开发信息研究环境的方法
IF 0.2 Q4 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2022-01-11 DOI: 10.38028/esi.2021.24.4.007
Алексей Сергеевич Серый, А.А. Гриневич, Владислав Александрович Лисин
В статье предложен подход к построению исследовательской среды для интеграции информационных ресурсов определенной области знаний и поддержки научных исследований. Особенностью подхода является комбинация в рамках единой информационной системы, основанных на онтологиях средств представления, систематизации и аннотирования интегрированных в систему ресурсов, а также ориентация на совместную работу специалистов над созданием размеченного корпуса. В статье приведен пример применения предложенного подхода для разработки информационной системы. The paper presents an approach to the development of a research environment, facilitating an integration of information resources dedicated to a certain scientific domain and supporting scientific research. The main feature of the approach is combining an ontology-based tools for presenting and annotating scientific information resources within a single information system. The development of the information system is aimed towards the joint work of researchers on the creating annotated corpora of resources. The paper provides an example of the proposed approach being put into practice when developing an information system.
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引用次数: 0
AUTOMATION OF CONSTRUCTION OF A SCHEME FOR SOLVING COMPUTE- INTENSIVE PROBLEMS OF MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS ON SUPERCOMPUTERS 在超级计算机上解决计算密集型数学物理问题的方案的自动化构造
IF 0.2 Q4 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2022-01-11 DOI: 10.38028/esi.2021.24.4.005
Борис Михайлович Глинский, А.Ф. Сапетина, Алексей Владимирович Снытников, Г.Б. Загорулько, Ю.А. Загорулько, В.К. Шестаков
В статье представлен подход к разработке информационно-аналитической системы, помогающей исследователю решать вычислительно сложные задачи математической физики на суперкомпьютерах. Система автоматически строит схему решения задачи по спецификации пользователя, введенной им в режиме диалога. Схема включает наиболее подходящие математические модели для решения задачи, численные методы, алгоритмы и параллельные архитектуры, ссылки на доступные фрагменты параллельного кода, которые пользователь может использовать при разработке собственного кода. Построение схемы осуществляется на основе онтологии проблемной области «Решение вычислительно сложных задач математической физики», онтологии заданной предметной области и экспертных правил, построенных с использованием технологии Semantic Web. The paper presents an approach to the development of an information-analytical system that helps a researcher to solve compute-intensive problems of mathematical physics on supercomputers. The system automatically builds a scheme for solving the problem according to the user's specification entered by him in the dialogue mode. The scheme includes the most suitable mathematical models for solving the problem, numerical methods, algorithms and parallel architectures, links to available fragments of parallel code that the user can use when developing their own code. The construction of the scheme is carried out on the basis of the ontology of the problem area "Solving compute-intensive problems of mathematical physics", the ontology of a given subject area and expert rules built using the Semantic Web technology.
这篇文章介绍了一种开发信息分析系统的方法,帮助研究人员在超级计算机上解决数学物理的计算挑战。该系统根据用户在对话模式下引入的规范自动构建目标解决方案。该示意图包括最适合解决问题的数学模型、数值方法、算法和并行架构,引用用户可以在开发自己代码时使用的并行代码片段。该方案的构建是基于问题领域的本体论,即“解决数学物理的计算复杂问题”、本体论学科的本体论和基于Semantic Web技术的专家规则。这是一种分析系统,用来研究超级计算机上的数学物理问题。系统自闭症建筑是一所学校,由他在dialogue模式下为用户的特殊利益服务。最受欢迎的问题模型,numerical methos, algoritms和parchittures,链接到用户开发代码时的available框架。在问题区域的基础上,“独立的计算机物理问题”,“一个巨大的次级建筑规则”,“Semantic网络技术”。
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引用次数: 0
MATHEMATICAL MODELLING OF RF PLASMA AT LOW PRESSURES FOR CYLINDRIC VACUUM CHAMBER WITH CHARGED SPECIMAN 带荷电样品的圆柱形真空室低压射频等离子体数学模型
IF 0.2 Q4 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2022-01-11 DOI: 10.38028/esi.2021.24.4.004
Александр Юрьевич Шемахин, Виктор Семенович Желтухин, Евгений Юрьевич Шемахин
Для моделирования процессов в ВЧ-плазме пониженного давления с продувом газа разработана гибридная математическая модель при числах Кнудсена - для несущего газа. Модель включает начально-краевую задачу для кинетического уравнения Больцмана, описывающего функцию распределения несущего нейтрального газа, краевые задачи для уравнения неразрывности электронной, ионной и метастабильной компонент, уравнения сохранения энергии электронов, для ВЧ-уравнений Максвелла в форме телеграфных уравнений и уравнения Пуассона для потенциальной составляющей поля. Приводятся результаты расчета электрической напряженности, концентрации электронов, ионов и метастабилей, потенциальной составляющей электромагнитного поля в цилиндрической вакуумной камере. A hybrid mathematical model for the Knudsen numbers - for the carrier gas has been developed to simulate processes in a low pressure RF plasma with gas flow. The model includes an initial boundary value problem for the kinetic Boltzmann equation describing the distribution function of the carrier neutral gas, boundary value problems for the continuity equation of the electronic, ionic and metastable components, the electron energy conservation equations, for Maxwell’s RF equations in the form of telegraphic equations and the Poisson equation for the potential part of field. The results of the calculation of the electric intensity, the concentration of electrons, iones and metastables, the potential component of the electromagnetic field in a cylindrical vacuum chamber are presented.
为了模拟低压降血浆流程,开发了一种混合数学模型,用于载流子克努森数。该模型包括玻尔兹曼运动方程的初始边,描述中性气体分布函数,电子、离子和亚稳态分量方程的边,电子守恒方程,电子守恒方程的电子守恒方程,电磁场的电位方程和泊松方程。在圆柱形真空室中,电阻、电子、离子浓度和亚稳定的潜在电磁场成分的计算结果正在产生。混合动力的mathematbers模型是carrier gas在低压力RF流程中开发的。The model includes an initial boundary value problem for The kinetic Boltzmann equation describing The gas distribution函数of The carrier中和boundary value的问题for The连续性equation of The electronic离子and metastable零部件,The for Maxwell ' s射频电子energy conservation方程,方程in The form of telegraphic方程and The Poisson equation for The potential part of field。电信局、电信局、电信局、电信局、电信局、电信局、电信局、电信局、电信局、电信局、电信局、电信局、电信局、电信局、电信局、电信局
{"title":"MATHEMATICAL MODELLING OF RF PLASMA AT LOW PRESSURES FOR CYLINDRIC VACUUM CHAMBER WITH CHARGED SPECIMAN","authors":"Александр Юрьевич Шемахин, Виктор Семенович Желтухин, Евгений Юрьевич Шемахин","doi":"10.38028/esi.2021.24.4.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38028/esi.2021.24.4.004","url":null,"abstract":"Для моделирования процессов в ВЧ-плазме пониженного давления с продувом газа разработана гибридная математическая модель при числах Кнудсена - для несущего газа. Модель включает начально-краевую задачу для кинетического уравнения Больцмана, описывающего функцию распределения несущего нейтрального газа, краевые задачи для уравнения неразрывности электронной, ионной и метастабильной компонент, уравнения сохранения энергии электронов, для ВЧ-уравнений Максвелла в форме телеграфных уравнений и уравнения Пуассона для потенциальной составляющей поля. Приводятся результаты расчета электрической напряженности, концентрации электронов, ионов и метастабилей, потенциальной составляющей электромагнитного поля в цилиндрической вакуумной камере.\u0000 A hybrid mathematical model for the Knudsen numbers - for the carrier gas has been developed to simulate processes in a low pressure RF plasma with gas flow. The model includes an initial boundary value problem for the kinetic Boltzmann equation describing the distribution function of the carrier neutral gas, boundary value problems for the continuity equation of the electronic, ionic and metastable components, the electron energy conservation equations, for Maxwell’s RF equations in the form of telegraphic equations and the Poisson equation for the potential part of field. The results of the calculation of the electric intensity, the concentration of electrons, iones and metastables, the potential component of the electromagnetic field in a cylindrical vacuum chamber are presented.","PeriodicalId":41290,"journal":{"name":"Ekonomika i Matematiceskie Metody-Economics and Mathematical Methods","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75617744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A MODERN APPROACH TO MONITORING THE PROGRESS OF STUDENTS WITH THE USE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES 一种利用信息和通信技术监测学生进步的现代方法
IF 0.2 Q4 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2022-01-11 DOI: 10.38028/esi.2021.24.4.012
Александр Викторович Поначугин
Целью статьи является обоснование эффективности проведения поэтапного мониторинга успеваемости обучающихся с применением информационно-коммуникационных технологий. Актуальность темы обусловлена тем, что важным вопросом современного образования является разработка, апробация и дальнейшее внедрение системы мониторинга качества образовательного процесса в ВУЗах. Основным методом является мониторинг, который может улучшить состояние учебного процесса путем выявления проблем и целенаправленной индивидуальной работы. В статье рассматривается алгоритм реализации поэтапного мониторинга с применением информационно-коммуникационных технологий на занятиях. По результатам проведенных исследований сделаны выводы о необходимости внедрения поэтапного мониторинга на занятиях, направленного на управление аудиторией, развитие воспитательной работы и беспристрастную оценку успеваемости обучающихся. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the effectiveness of the stage-by-stage monitoring of students' progress using information and communication technologies. The relevance of the topic is due to the fact that an important issue of modern education is the development of a system for monitoring the quality of the educational process in universities. The main method is monitoring, which can improve the state of the educational process through problems and purposeful work. The article uses the implementation of step-by-step monitoring with the use of information and communication technologies in the classroom, conducted with information technology. Based on the results of the research, conclusions were drawn about the stage-by-stage monitoring in the classroom, aimed at managing the audience, developing educational work and an impartial assessment of students' progress.
这篇文章的目的是为信息和通信技术的分阶段监测学生成绩的有效性提供理由。这个话题的紧迫性在于,现代教育的一个重要问题是在高等教育中发展、试用期和进一步实施教育过程监测系统。主要的监测方法是通过识别问题和有针对性的个人工作来改善学习过程的状态。这篇文章讨论了在课堂上使用信息和通信技术分步执行监测算法。研究得出的结论是,需要在旨在管理受众的课程中实行分阶段监测、发展教育工作和对学习成绩的公正评估。这幅画是由学生们的“信息和通信技术”监督的。现代教育的现实是,这是一种制度,是大学教育的基础。这是一项重大的医学研究,为什么我不能通过艰苦的工作和紫色的工作来促进教育。在经典中使用信息和通信技术的过程中,用信息技术进行跟踪。在研究的基础上,在classroom的舞台上举行会议,在指导指导下举行会议,开发学术作品和指导学生的建议。
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引用次数: 0
PARAMETERS MONITORING ORGANIZATION OF THE SOLAR PANELS EXPERIMENTAL STAND 太阳能板试验台参数监测机构
IF 0.2 Q4 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2022-01-11 DOI: 10.38028/esi.2021.24.4.008
Р. А. Иванов, Никита Владимирович Максаков
Актуальность разработки обусловлена необходимостью создания устройства для сбора и обработки информации с экспериментального стенда солнечных панелей. Назначением стенда является получение достоверных данных для верификации моделей оценки показателей гелиопотенциала, использующихся при обосновании эффективности применения солнечных электростанций на территории восточных регионов России. Дано описание основного и вспомогательного оборудования экспериментального стенда. Солнечные панели стенда разноориентированы для определения наиболее эффективного угля наклона и обоснования необходимости применения следящей за солнцем системы. Для снятия и записи мгновенной мощности солнечных панелей разработано устройство на основе микроконтроллера Arduino. Для мониторинга показаний силы тока используется шунтовый амперметр, подключаемый в разрыв цепи питания. Приведена схема счётчика тока и описана его работа. Приведены первичные результаты собранных данных. Намечены основные этапы дальнейшей обработки данных. The relevance of the presented development is due to the need to create a device to read and process information from an experimental array of solar panels. The purpose of the array is to obtain reliable data for the verification of models for estimating photovoltaic power potential indicators used in justifying the feasibility of the adoption of solar power plants in the eastern regions of Russia. We present a description of the main and auxiliary equipment of the experimental array. The array's solar panels are arranged in different ways so as to determine the most efficient tilt angle and justify the need to use a sun tracking system. The proprietary device based on the Arduino microcontroller was designed to read and write the value of instantaneous power of solar panels. To monitor the readings of the amperage, a shunt ammeter is used, which is connected to the gap of the power circuit. The study provides a diagram of the current meter and describe its operation. We outlined the main stages of subsequent data processing.
开发的紧迫性是需要从一个实验太阳能板板上创建一个收集和处理信息的设备。该展览的目的是获得可靠的数据,以验证用于证明俄罗斯东部地区太阳能发电厂效率的太阳能基准模型。描述了实验台的主要和辅助设备。展台的太阳能板是多样化的,以确定最有效的倾斜度煤炭,并说明需要使用太阳跟踪系统。为了捕捉和记录太阳能电池板的即时功率,开发了一个基于Arduino微控制器的设备。用来监测电流强度的旁路安培计被插入到断路器的电源断路器中。这里有一个电流计数器的示意图,描述了他的工作。这是收集到的数据的初步结果。数据处理的主要阶段已经确定。最重要的开发是两个人都需要从太阳层的极端力量中获得信息。在俄罗斯东部地区,《权力的追求》中,《权力的追求》是《权力的追求》的原型。我们是《超人前传》和《超人前传》的导演。阿雷的独奏会是一种不同的节奏,它是最受欢迎的天使和正义的需要使用太阳轨道系统。在Arduino微控制器上的proprietary设备是为read设计的,为太阳层的力量设计的。这首歌是《神枪手》的主唱,《神枪手》是《神枪手》的主唱。《古时的金属和亡命之徒》是一部电影。我们忽略了subsequent数据处理的主要内容。
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引用次数: 0
PARALLEL OPTIMIZATION TECHNOLOGY FOR ATOMIC-MOLECULAR MORSE CLUSTERS 原子-分子莫尔斯簇并行优化技术
IF 0.2 Q4 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2022-01-11 DOI: 10.38028/esi.2021.24.4.006
Александр Юрьевич Горнов, Антон Сергеевич Аникин, Павел Сергеевич Сороковиков, Татьяна Сергеевна Зароднюк
В статье рассматриваются специализированные вычислительные технологии и алгоритмы, используемые для поиска низкопотенциальных атомно-молекулярных кластеров. Проведенные вычислительные эксперименты продемонстрировали достаточно высокую конкурентоспособность новых алгоритмов по сравнению с классическими для функций рассматриваемого типа. С использованием разработанного программного комплекса получены рекордные результаты оптимизации атомно-молекулярных кластеров Морса рекордных размерностей. The paper deals with specialized computing technology and algorithms used for finding low-potential atomic-molecular clusters. The performed computational experiments demonstrated a rather high competitiveness of the new algorithms in comparison with the classical methods for the considerable functions. Using the developed software, the applied problem of molecular docking was solved. Using the developed software package, record results for optimization of atomic-molecular Morse clusters of large dimensions have been obtained.
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引用次数: 0
Methodology for calculating the lifetime of storage batteries in autonomous photovoltaic systems 自主光伏系统中蓄电池寿命的计算方法
IF 0.2 Q4 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.38028/esi.2022.26.2.008
D. Karamov, I. Muftahov, Vasiliy V. Potapov, Anton A. Syromyatnikov, I. Shushpanov
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引用次数: 0
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Ekonomika i Matematiceskie Metody-Economics and Mathematical Methods
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