Pub Date : 2023-07-11DOI: 10.18470/1992-1098-2023-2-53-69
L. Valiullin, E. Skvortsov, V. I. Egorov, L. N. Alekseyko, S. V. Klimovich, I. E. Pamirsky, A. Artemenko, A. M. Zakharenko, K. Golokhvast
Aim. Search and selection of microorganisms with active enzymatic properties for possible biodestruction of pyrethroids.Materials and Methods. For effective screening and selection of the most active isolates, for the subsequent development of biotechnological methods for the destruction of pesticides and reduction of their toxicity, samples of the phylosphere and rhizosphere of agricultural crops, food products, etc. were taken. The isolates were evaluated by intracellular metabolism and the production of exoenzymes. The isolated microorganisms were identified on the basis of the "Bergi Bacteria Determinant". Screening of microorganisms for the development of biotechnological methods to reduce the toxicity of ecotoxicants included the following stages: selection of sources, sampling, seeding on a dense medium for isolation of pure culture, replanting of pure culture and investigation of biological properties of isolated strains.Results. In order to search for microorganisms capable of utilising pyrethroids, isolates of microscopic fungi and bacteria were obtained. Of the 23 selected strains, 12 had the widest spectrum of activity, while 5 strains showed the most pronounced and stable antagonistic activity against pathogenic microorganisms at various temperature parameters from 30°C to 42°C (Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus). For the selected strains, the environment was optimised to activate cellular metabolic processes. The activity of amylases, proteases, xylanases and cellulases of the fungus Trichoderma, and proteases of L. plantarum, L. lactis, B. subtilis and Propionibacterium was evaluated. Studies of the effect on the synthesis of hydrolytic enzymes of various concentrations in the culture medium in the presence of xylan polysaccharides, cellulose, starch and casein protein were carried out.Conclusion. Toxicological studies of the selected isolates and of a composition consisting of these isolates in the form of a culture suspension on the simplest stylonychia were carried out. Biotesting on isolated aquatic microorganisms (Trichoderma, L. plantarum, L. lactis, B. subtilis and Propionibacterium) showed that the percentage of dead infusoria (S. mytilus) in both the experiment and the control showed no significant differences. A microbiological composition has been created that can be used to protect the environment when exposed to toxicants of agrotechnogenic origin. The selected strains were tested for the possibility of biodegradation of pyrethroids using the example of cypermethrin.
{"title":"Interaction of endophytic microorganisms with respect to cypermethrin","authors":"L. Valiullin, E. Skvortsov, V. I. Egorov, L. N. Alekseyko, S. V. Klimovich, I. E. Pamirsky, A. Artemenko, A. M. Zakharenko, K. Golokhvast","doi":"10.18470/1992-1098-2023-2-53-69","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18470/1992-1098-2023-2-53-69","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. Search and selection of microorganisms with active enzymatic properties for possible biodestruction of pyrethroids.Materials and Methods. For effective screening and selection of the most active isolates, for the subsequent development of biotechnological methods for the destruction of pesticides and reduction of their toxicity, samples of the phylosphere and rhizosphere of agricultural crops, food products, etc. were taken. The isolates were evaluated by intracellular metabolism and the production of exoenzymes. The isolated microorganisms were identified on the basis of the \"Bergi Bacteria Determinant\". Screening of microorganisms for the development of biotechnological methods to reduce the toxicity of ecotoxicants included the following stages: selection of sources, sampling, seeding on a dense medium for isolation of pure culture, replanting of pure culture and investigation of biological properties of isolated strains.Results. In order to search for microorganisms capable of utilising pyrethroids, isolates of microscopic fungi and bacteria were obtained. Of the 23 selected strains, 12 had the widest spectrum of activity, while 5 strains showed the most pronounced and stable antagonistic activity against pathogenic microorganisms at various temperature parameters from 30°C to 42°C (Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus). For the selected strains, the environment was optimised to activate cellular metabolic processes. The activity of amylases, proteases, xylanases and cellulases of the fungus Trichoderma, and proteases of L. plantarum, L. lactis, B. subtilis and Propionibacterium was evaluated. Studies of the effect on the synthesis of hydrolytic enzymes of various concentrations in the culture medium in the presence of xylan polysaccharides, cellulose, starch and casein protein were carried out.Conclusion. Toxicological studies of the selected isolates and of a composition consisting of these isolates in the form of a culture suspension on the simplest stylonychia were carried out. Biotesting on isolated aquatic microorganisms (Trichoderma, L. plantarum, L. lactis, B. subtilis and Propionibacterium) showed that the percentage of dead infusoria (S. mytilus) in both the experiment and the control showed no significant differences. A microbiological composition has been created that can be used to protect the environment when exposed to toxicants of agrotechnogenic origin. The selected strains were tested for the possibility of biodegradation of pyrethroids using the example of cypermethrin.","PeriodicalId":41300,"journal":{"name":"South of Russia-Ecology Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78677301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-11DOI: 10.18470/1992-1098-2023-2-102-112
S. Skugoreva, L. Domracheva, A. I. Fokina, T. I. Kutyavina, O. M. Abdukhalilov, V. Kulakov, T. Ashikhmina
Aim. Assess the ecological state of soils in park areas and public gardens in the city of Kirov, Kirov region, Russia, which are located near areas of heavy traffic, using an integrated approach based on data from physicochemical, microbiological analyzes and biotesting.Material and Methods. Soil samples were taken at various sites in the 60th Anniversary of the USSR Square, in the S.M. Kirov Park and in the 50th Anniversary of the Komsomol Park. The concentration of inorganic ions and the content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the soils were determined by ionic and high‐performance liquid chromatography, respectively. The total content of heavy metals (HM)was determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Quantitative registration of microorganisms was carried out by the method of limiting dilutions with subsequent inoculation on selective nutrient media. Biotesting was carried out using the protozoa Paramecium caudatum and the Ecolum bacterial test system.Results. The features of the ionic composition of soils in Kirov parks were studied. In the aqueous extract of the studied soils, sulphate and chloride ions predominated among anions, and calcium ions among cations. Among the groups of microorganisms studied, ammonifying bacteria take the leading positions, the share of which in the microbial complex reaches 65.35–86.54%. There is a close relationship between the content of nutrients and the number of ammonifiers. The gross concentration of HMs in soil samples from parks in Kirov did not exceed their approximate permissible concentration, while the content of Pb, Zn, and Cо was up to 3.1 times higher than the regional background. The highest content of PAHs, maximum values of total carcinogenic activity and toxicity to P. caudatum were found in soil samples taken from areas near highways. Conclusion. The ecological state of urban park soils in Kirov in general can be characterised as satisfactory. Nevertheless, for park soils in the immediate vicinity of highways, increased values of PAH concentration were revealed. Determination of the PAH content in soils can be recommended for inclusion in the environmental monitoring programme in cities because of the persistence of PAHs in the environment, their mutagenic and carcinogenic properties, and the lack of standards for the content of most PAHs in natural environments.
{"title":"An integrated approach to assessing the ecological state of urban park soils, Kirov, Russia","authors":"S. Skugoreva, L. Domracheva, A. I. Fokina, T. I. Kutyavina, O. M. Abdukhalilov, V. Kulakov, T. Ashikhmina","doi":"10.18470/1992-1098-2023-2-102-112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18470/1992-1098-2023-2-102-112","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. Assess the ecological state of soils in park areas and public gardens in the city of Kirov, Kirov region, Russia, which are located near areas of heavy traffic, using an integrated approach based on data from physicochemical, microbiological analyzes and biotesting.Material and Methods. Soil samples were taken at various sites in the 60th Anniversary of the USSR Square, in the S.M. Kirov Park and in the 50th Anniversary of the Komsomol Park. The concentration of inorganic ions and the content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the soils were determined by ionic and high‐performance liquid chromatography, respectively. The total content of heavy metals (HM)was determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Quantitative registration of microorganisms was carried out by the method of limiting dilutions with subsequent inoculation on selective nutrient media. Biotesting was carried out using the protozoa Paramecium caudatum and the Ecolum bacterial test system.Results. The features of the ionic composition of soils in Kirov parks were studied. In the aqueous extract of the studied soils, sulphate and chloride ions predominated among anions, and calcium ions among cations. Among the groups of microorganisms studied, ammonifying bacteria take the leading positions, the share of which in the microbial complex reaches 65.35–86.54%. There is a close relationship between the content of nutrients and the number of ammonifiers. The gross concentration of HMs in soil samples from parks in Kirov did not exceed their approximate permissible concentration, while the content of Pb, Zn, and Cо was up to 3.1 times higher than the regional background. The highest content of PAHs, maximum values of total carcinogenic activity and toxicity to P. caudatum were found in soil samples taken from areas near highways. Conclusion. The ecological state of urban park soils in Kirov in general can be characterised as satisfactory. Nevertheless, for park soils in the immediate vicinity of highways, increased values of PAH concentration were revealed. Determination of the PAH content in soils can be recommended for inclusion in the environmental monitoring programme in cities because of the persistence of PAHs in the environment, their mutagenic and carcinogenic properties, and the lack of standards for the content of most PAHs in natural environments.","PeriodicalId":41300,"journal":{"name":"South of Russia-Ecology Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72849603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-11DOI: 10.18470/1992-1098-2023-2-92-101
T. O. Abdulmutalimova, O. M. Ramazanov, A. B. Alhasov, I. M. Gazaliev
Aim. Features of the geological structure of the region determine the diversity of the chemical composition of groundwater, represented by springs in the mountainous part of the Republic of Dagestan and artesian waters in the plains. The content of some contaminants in drinking water can affect public health and have negative consequences. The purpose of the work is to conduct a comparative analysis of the regional characteristics of groundwater and substantiate their compliance with hygienic standards for the quality of drinking water. Materials and methods. More than 500 samples of drinking water were taken on the territory of the republic and analysed in the analytical laboratories of the Institute for Problems of Geothermy and Renewable Energy, a branch of the Joint Institute for High Temperatures of the Russian Academy of Sciences and the Institute of Geology of the Dagestan Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Assessment of carcinogenic risks to public health was carried out in accordance with Guideline 2.1.10.1920‐04.Results. In some mountainous settlements increased values of hardness (up to 14) were revealed, as well as iodide deficiency almost everywhere. In the underground waters of lowland settlements, an increased content of phenols, cadmium and arsenic was revealed.Conclusion. The use of groundwater by the population for drinking purposes in mountainous areas is possible with the preliminary implementation of appropriate water softening measures and preventive measures among the population related to the replenishment of iodine deficiency. The underground waters of the lowland areas do not meet the hygienic requirements for content of arsenic, cadmium and phenols and the carcinogenic risks for the population are at a level unacceptable for the population.
{"title":"The assessment of quality of groundwater used for drinking by the population of the Republic of Dagestan, Russia","authors":"T. O. Abdulmutalimova, O. M. Ramazanov, A. B. Alhasov, I. M. Gazaliev","doi":"10.18470/1992-1098-2023-2-92-101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18470/1992-1098-2023-2-92-101","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. Features of the geological structure of the region determine the diversity of the chemical composition of groundwater, represented by springs in the mountainous part of the Republic of Dagestan and artesian waters in the plains. The content of some contaminants in drinking water can affect public health and have negative consequences. The purpose of the work is to conduct a comparative analysis of the regional characteristics of groundwater and substantiate their compliance with hygienic standards for the quality of drinking water. Materials and methods. More than 500 samples of drinking water were taken on the territory of the republic and analysed in the analytical laboratories of the Institute for Problems of Geothermy and Renewable Energy, a branch of the Joint Institute for High Temperatures of the Russian Academy of Sciences and the Institute of Geology of the Dagestan Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Assessment of carcinogenic risks to public health was carried out in accordance with Guideline 2.1.10.1920‐04.Results. In some mountainous settlements increased values of hardness (up to 14) were revealed, as well as iodide deficiency almost everywhere. In the underground waters of lowland settlements, an increased content of phenols, cadmium and arsenic was revealed.Conclusion. The use of groundwater by the population for drinking purposes in mountainous areas is possible with the preliminary implementation of appropriate water softening measures and preventive measures among the population related to the replenishment of iodine deficiency. The underground waters of the lowland areas do not meet the hygienic requirements for content of arsenic, cadmium and phenols and the carcinogenic risks for the population are at a level unacceptable for the population.","PeriodicalId":41300,"journal":{"name":"South of Russia-Ecology Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84163299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-10DOI: 10.18470/1992-1098-2023-2-21-32
O. Savchenko, N. S. Tsybulko, T. E. Samatadze
Aim. Comparative study of the source material of four populations of Sedum roseum (L.) Scop. belonging to different ecological and geographical zones of origin and assessment of their suitability for cultivation in the conditions of the non‐chernozem zone of the Russian Federation.Materials and methods. The following populations were studied: the cultivated population of VILAR (Altai, 1980), the cultivated population of the Botanical Garden of Pitirim Sorokin Syktyvkar State University (Syktyvkar, Komi Republic), an introduced population from Kirovsk, N. A. Avrorin Polar‐Alpine Botanical Garden‐Institute and a cultivated population of Innsbruck Botanical Garden, Austria.Results. Morphological description of the samples was carried out and the productivity of raw materials and seeds and the main biological and karyological features of the populations studied were determined. The results of made it possible to identify Rhodiola populations characterized by high winter hardiness (A and D) and low winter hardiness (B and C). A high productivity of roots and rhizomes in the fourth year of life in populations C and A (30–31 g) was established, and in terms of the content of active substances (phenylpropanoids) in population B (Komi) – 5.4%. The numbers of chromosomes (2n=22) were determined and their morphometric analysis was carried out and formulas of karyotypes of the Rhodiola populations studied were compiled. Chromosomal analysis using C/DAPI‐differential staining showed that no chromosomal abnormalities were detected in the karyotypes, which indicates their stability.Conclusion. Morphological variability indicates the ecological plasticity of the populations studied, which indicates the prospects for their field cultivation.
{"title":"Comparative study of representatives of different populations of Sedum roseum (L.) Scop growing in conditions of field crop rotation","authors":"O. Savchenko, N. S. Tsybulko, T. E. Samatadze","doi":"10.18470/1992-1098-2023-2-21-32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18470/1992-1098-2023-2-21-32","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. Comparative study of the source material of four populations of Sedum roseum (L.) Scop. belonging to different ecological and geographical zones of origin and assessment of their suitability for cultivation in the conditions of the non‐chernozem zone of the Russian Federation.Materials and methods. The following populations were studied: the cultivated population of VILAR (Altai, 1980), the cultivated population of the Botanical Garden of Pitirim Sorokin Syktyvkar State University (Syktyvkar, Komi Republic), an introduced population from Kirovsk, N. A. Avrorin Polar‐Alpine Botanical Garden‐Institute and a cultivated population of Innsbruck Botanical Garden, Austria.Results. Morphological description of the samples was carried out and the productivity of raw materials and seeds and the main biological and karyological features of the populations studied were determined. The results of made it possible to identify Rhodiola populations characterized by high winter hardiness (A and D) and low winter hardiness (B and C). A high productivity of roots and rhizomes in the fourth year of life in populations C and A (30–31 g) was established, and in terms of the content of active substances (phenylpropanoids) in population B (Komi) – 5.4%. The numbers of chromosomes (2n=22) were determined and their morphometric analysis was carried out and formulas of karyotypes of the Rhodiola populations studied were compiled. Chromosomal analysis using C/DAPI‐differential staining showed that no chromosomal abnormalities were detected in the karyotypes, which indicates their stability.Conclusion. Morphological variability indicates the ecological plasticity of the populations studied, which indicates the prospects for their field cultivation.","PeriodicalId":41300,"journal":{"name":"South of Russia-Ecology Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81352772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-10DOI: 10.18470/1992-1098-2023-2-15-20
V. Hovhannisyan, L. Mirumyan, A. Gasparyan, L. Avanesyan, S. Shogheryan, M. Z. Magomedova, P. D. Magomedova, L. Harutyunova
Aim. The work’s aim is to study the species composition of invertebrates (Insecta, Molluska) of the Tavush province of Armenia and changes of their ranges due to climatic conditions.Material and Methods. Our own collections of 2021–2022 from different areas of the Tavush province and the collections of invertebrates of the Scientific Centre of Zoology and Hydroecology served as study material. The collection and identification of dipterous insects and mollusks was carried out according to generally accepted methods. The work was performed at the Scientific Centre of Zoology and Hydroecology The scientific material is stored in the collection fund of the Scientific Centre.Results. As a result of our studies of invertebrate species composition, 28 species of horseflies (Tabanidae) are currently listed for the Tavush region: 27 species of phytophagous gall midges (Cecidomyiidae) and 10 species of mollusks. As a result of warming climate change new changes of locality have been registered for: 6 horsefly species S. (N.) caucasicus, Ch. (H.) f. flavipes, Ch. ludens, T. unifasciatus, T. indrae vappa, T. miki; 4 phytophagous gall midge species A. verbasci, D. tortrix, S. euphorbiae, R. terminalis; For one species of mollusk, H. buchi, there are new localities. All these species have expanded their habitat: in horseflies, changes in the range along vertical zonality are observed.Conclusions. As a result of this research, it was revealed that as a consequences of climate change, the ranges of some species of invertebrates – horseflies, gall midges‐phytophages and mollusks – have expanded compared to the data of previous years. All species in which there is a direct dependence of range change on climatic conditions can be further considered as bioindicators of climate change.
{"title":"The impact of climate changes on the ranges of invertebrates (Diptera, Molluska) in Tavush province of Armenia","authors":"V. Hovhannisyan, L. Mirumyan, A. Gasparyan, L. Avanesyan, S. Shogheryan, M. Z. Magomedova, P. D. Magomedova, L. Harutyunova","doi":"10.18470/1992-1098-2023-2-15-20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18470/1992-1098-2023-2-15-20","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. The work’s aim is to study the species composition of invertebrates (Insecta, Molluska) of the Tavush province of Armenia and changes of their ranges due to climatic conditions.Material and Methods. Our own collections of 2021–2022 from different areas of the Tavush province and the collections of invertebrates of the Scientific Centre of Zoology and Hydroecology served as study material. The collection and identification of dipterous insects and mollusks was carried out according to generally accepted methods. The work was performed at the Scientific Centre of Zoology and Hydroecology The scientific material is stored in the collection fund of the Scientific Centre.Results. As a result of our studies of invertebrate species composition, 28 species of horseflies (Tabanidae) are currently listed for the Tavush region: 27 species of phytophagous gall midges (Cecidomyiidae) and 10 species of mollusks. As a result of warming climate change new changes of locality have been registered for: 6 horsefly species S. (N.) caucasicus, Ch. (H.) f. flavipes, Ch. ludens, T. unifasciatus, T. indrae vappa, T. miki; 4 phytophagous gall midge species A. verbasci, D. tortrix, S. euphorbiae, R. terminalis; For one species of mollusk, H. buchi, there are new localities. All these species have expanded their habitat: in horseflies, changes in the range along vertical zonality are observed.Conclusions. As a result of this research, it was revealed that as a consequences of climate change, the ranges of some species of invertebrates – horseflies, gall midges‐phytophages and mollusks – have expanded compared to the data of previous years. All species in which there is a direct dependence of range change on climatic conditions can be further considered as bioindicators of climate change.","PeriodicalId":41300,"journal":{"name":"South of Russia-Ecology Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84857866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-10DOI: 10.18470/1992-1098-2023-2-6-14
A. Zhigalin, B. A. Mutashev, A. S. Kazavatova, D. M. Abdulkhalikova, B. U. Nasrutdinov
Aim. To establish the role of the Karabudakhkentskaya Cave in the conservation of vertebrate biodiversity in the foothills part of the east of the North Caucasus.Materials and Methods. The study of literature data. Monthly inspection of the cave for the presence of vertebrates, to establish their species and to determine the reasons for their presence in the cave. Analysis of photo and video materials obtained from camera traps installed inside the cave. Results. During the analysis of the literature and our own research, it was found that the presence of 8 vertebrate species belonging to 2 classes, 3 orders and 5 families is repeatedly registered in the Karabudakhkent Cave. Of these, 5 species are listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Dagestan. For the horseshoe‐bearing Megel, the cave serves as the main wintering place in the North Caucasus. In addition, during the summer period, one of the largest brood colonies of the Sharp‐eared Moth in Russia is located in the cave.Conclusion. The complex of works carried out made it possible to supplement and obtain new information indicating the key role of the Karabudakhkenstkoi Cave in the vital activity of rare vertebrate species. At the same time, there is an increasing anthropogenic impact caused by an increase in the flow of tourists to the Republic of Dagestan. These circumstances indicate the need to give the Karabudakhkentskaya Cave the status of a Natural Monument of Federal Significance.
{"title":"The vertebrate fauna of the Kyztash Cave (Karabudakhkentskaya / Zhivoy) in the Republic of Dagestan, Russia","authors":"A. Zhigalin, B. A. Mutashev, A. S. Kazavatova, D. M. Abdulkhalikova, B. U. Nasrutdinov","doi":"10.18470/1992-1098-2023-2-6-14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18470/1992-1098-2023-2-6-14","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To establish the role of the Karabudakhkentskaya Cave in the conservation of vertebrate biodiversity in the foothills part of the east of the North Caucasus.Materials and Methods. The study of literature data. Monthly inspection of the cave for the presence of vertebrates, to establish their species and to determine the reasons for their presence in the cave. Analysis of photo and video materials obtained from camera traps installed inside the cave. Results. During the analysis of the literature and our own research, it was found that the presence of 8 vertebrate species belonging to 2 classes, 3 orders and 5 families is repeatedly registered in the Karabudakhkent Cave. Of these, 5 species are listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Dagestan. For the horseshoe‐bearing Megel, the cave serves as the main wintering place in the North Caucasus. In addition, during the summer period, one of the largest brood colonies of the Sharp‐eared Moth in Russia is located in the cave.Conclusion. The complex of works carried out made it possible to supplement and obtain new information indicating the key role of the Karabudakhkenstkoi Cave in the vital activity of rare vertebrate species. At the same time, there is an increasing anthropogenic impact caused by an increase in the flow of tourists to the Republic of Dagestan. These circumstances indicate the need to give the Karabudakhkentskaya Cave the status of a Natural Monument of Federal Significance.","PeriodicalId":41300,"journal":{"name":"South of Russia-Ecology Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87487524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-10DOI: 10.18470/1992-1098-2023-2-44-52
S. Volobuev, N. Shakhova
Aim. The monitoring of known as well as the search for new localities of rare and protected species is a requirement for Red Data Books and conservation efforts as a whole. The aim of this paper is to describe the finding of basidiomycete fungus Battarrea phalloides, a rare and protected species in the Republic of Dagestan, and to discuss features of its phylogenetic diversity, distribution and ecology.Material and Methods. Primary identification of the material was carried out by light microscopy. Phylogenetic analysis was performed based on the Maximum Likelihood method.Results. New locality of B. phalloides has been revealed in Gunibsky district of the Republic of Dagestan. A detailed description of macro‐ and micromorphology of the collected basidioma, as well as peculiarities of new ecotope occupied by the species is presented. The complete ITS1–5.8S–ITS2 nrDNA sequence has been obtained and deposited in the NCBI GenBank database. In phylogenetic analysis the specimen studied formed a separate clade among other individuals of B. phalloides with different geographical origins.Conclusion. The new B. phalloides finding recorded in Dagestan allowed us to expand the knowledge on its ecology and distribution, as well as on intraspecific phylogenetic structure of the species red‐listed in the region and little‐known in the Caucasus.
{"title":"First modern findings of red‐listed fungus Battarrea phalloides (Agaricales, Basidiomycota) in the Republic of Dagestan, Russia","authors":"S. Volobuev, N. Shakhova","doi":"10.18470/1992-1098-2023-2-44-52","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18470/1992-1098-2023-2-44-52","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. The monitoring of known as well as the search for new localities of rare and protected species is a requirement for Red Data Books and conservation efforts as a whole. The aim of this paper is to describe the finding of basidiomycete fungus Battarrea phalloides, a rare and protected species in the Republic of Dagestan, and to discuss features of its phylogenetic diversity, distribution and ecology.Material and Methods. Primary identification of the material was carried out by light microscopy. Phylogenetic analysis was performed based on the Maximum Likelihood method.Results. New locality of B. phalloides has been revealed in Gunibsky district of the Republic of Dagestan. A detailed description of macro‐ and micromorphology of the collected basidioma, as well as peculiarities of new ecotope occupied by the species is presented. The complete ITS1–5.8S–ITS2 nrDNA sequence has been obtained and deposited in the NCBI GenBank database. In phylogenetic analysis the specimen studied formed a separate clade among other individuals of B. phalloides with different geographical origins.Conclusion. The new B. phalloides finding recorded in Dagestan allowed us to expand the knowledge on its ecology and distribution, as well as on intraspecific phylogenetic structure of the species red‐listed in the region and little‐known in the Caucasus.","PeriodicalId":41300,"journal":{"name":"South of Russia-Ecology Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85806542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-10DOI: 10.18470/1992-1098-2023-2-161-167
A. A. Abasova
Aim. The article deals with the development of religious tourism in the Republic of Dagestan as excursions, educational and religious studies and pilgrimage tours. Discussion. The recreational potential of the republic includes numerous places of worship, monuments of spiritual culture and cultural and historical complexes, favourable natural and climatic conditions, the warm Caspian Sea and sandy beaches and unique natural objects, such as the Sulak Canyon, the Sary‐Kum dune, the Saltinsky underground waterfall, the Samur forest, the Tobotsky waterfall, majestic mountains, which have attracted a large number of guests to Dagestan in recent years. During 2022, more than one and a half million people visited the republic, while the population in the republic itself is three million. In view of the fact that paganism, Zoroastrianism, Judaism and Christianity were practiced on the territory of modern Dagestan before the spread of Islam, cult objects associated with these religions have been preserved. Of course, the largest group of places of worship is associated with Islam. Conclusion. The presence in Dagestan of shrines associated not only with Islam, but also with Christianity, makes it possible to develop religious tourism in the republic not only in the form of excursions and educational and religious studies, but also pilgrimage tours for believing citizens of the country, which will undoubtedly contribute to the education of religious tolerance and mutual understanding of representatives of different religions.
{"title":"On the issue of the development of religious tourism in the Republic of Dagestan","authors":"A. A. Abasova","doi":"10.18470/1992-1098-2023-2-161-167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18470/1992-1098-2023-2-161-167","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. The article deals with the development of religious tourism in the Republic of Dagestan as excursions, educational and religious studies and pilgrimage tours. Discussion. The recreational potential of the republic includes numerous places of worship, monuments of spiritual culture and cultural and historical complexes, favourable natural and climatic conditions, the warm Caspian Sea and sandy beaches and unique natural objects, such as the Sulak Canyon, the Sary‐Kum dune, the Saltinsky underground waterfall, the Samur forest, the Tobotsky waterfall, majestic mountains, which have attracted a large number of guests to Dagestan in recent years. During 2022, more than one and a half million people visited the republic, while the population in the republic itself is three million. In view of the fact that paganism, Zoroastrianism, Judaism and Christianity were practiced on the territory of modern Dagestan before the spread of Islam, cult objects associated with these religions have been preserved. Of course, the largest group of places of worship is associated with Islam. Conclusion. The presence in Dagestan of shrines associated not only with Islam, but also with Christianity, makes it possible to develop religious tourism in the republic not only in the form of excursions and educational and religious studies, but also pilgrimage tours for believing citizens of the country, which will undoubtedly contribute to the education of religious tolerance and mutual understanding of representatives of different religions.","PeriodicalId":41300,"journal":{"name":"South of Russia-Ecology Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87617844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-10DOI: 10.18470/1992-1098-2023-2-33-43
G. Gasanov, T. Asvarova, K. M. Gadzhiev, R. Usmanov, M. A. Arslanov, M. Musaev, R. Bashirov, K. Gimbatova, A. Abdulaeva
Aim. Determination of phytocenosis productivity, nitrogen concentration and reserves in blocks of plant associations and by soil types in the North‐Western Precaspian region of Russia. Methods. Comprehensive research on the accumulation of organic matter and nitrogen in five blocks of plant matter, six plant associations and three types of soil by season using well‐known methods of accounting and analysis of soils and plants. Results. The regularities of phytomass formation, changes in nitrogen concentration and reserves in the main soil types and six plant associations for the 2011–2018 seasons were revealed. Conclusions. Ephemeroid‐wormwood‐cereal, ephemeroid‐wormwood, cereal‐wormwood, forb‐campfire and mixed‐grass‐campfire plant communities formed on light chestnut soil are the most productive, with a total productivity of 24.34 t/ha. The maximum nitrogen concentration was observed in the cereal‐wormwood, wormwood‐saltwort, forb‐saltwort and cereal‐saltwort associations – 1.9, 1.97, 2.2, and 2.57%, respectively, which is due to the predominance of Artemisia taurica Willd., Artemisia lercheana Web.ex Stechm. and Salsola iberica Sennen&Pau. In associations where there are representatives of the Poaceae, Brassicaceae and Caryophyllaceae, nitrogen decreases to 1.72–1.74%. Its value was higher on light‐chestnut soil, being 1.82% of absolutely dry mass, while on meadow‐chestnut soil it decreased to 1.75 and on saline soil is typically 1.38%. In the root mass of plant associations, its indicators were 3.2 times less than in the above ground mass. Nitrogen reserves by blocks of plant matter formed the following decreasing series: roots ≥ green mass ≥ rags ≥ felt. In the input part of the balance in plant associations, 171.6 nitrogen accumulates on light‐chestnut soil, 63.1 on meadow‐chestnut soil, 49.1 kg/ha on automorphic typical saline soil, and 171.9; 64.3 and 58.1 kg/ha in the expenditure part, respectively. the balance of nitrogen in the first type of soil is formed with a minimum deficit of 0.6 kg/ha, 1.2 and 9 kg/ha, respectively.
{"title":"Concentration and reserves of nitrogen in soils and plant matter in blocks of grass ecosystems of the North‐Western Precaspian region, Russia","authors":"G. Gasanov, T. Asvarova, K. M. Gadzhiev, R. Usmanov, M. A. Arslanov, M. Musaev, R. Bashirov, K. Gimbatova, A. Abdulaeva","doi":"10.18470/1992-1098-2023-2-33-43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18470/1992-1098-2023-2-33-43","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. Determination of phytocenosis productivity, nitrogen concentration and reserves in blocks of plant associations and by soil types in the North‐Western Precaspian region of Russia. Methods. Comprehensive research on the accumulation of organic matter and nitrogen in five blocks of plant matter, six plant associations and three types of soil by season using well‐known methods of accounting and analysis of soils and plants. Results. The regularities of phytomass formation, changes in nitrogen concentration and reserves in the main soil types and six plant associations for the 2011–2018 seasons were revealed. Conclusions. Ephemeroid‐wormwood‐cereal, ephemeroid‐wormwood, cereal‐wormwood, forb‐campfire and mixed‐grass‐campfire plant communities formed on light chestnut soil are the most productive, with a total productivity of 24.34 t/ha. The maximum nitrogen concentration was observed in the cereal‐wormwood, wormwood‐saltwort, forb‐saltwort and cereal‐saltwort associations – 1.9, 1.97, 2.2, and 2.57%, respectively, which is due to the predominance of Artemisia taurica Willd., Artemisia lercheana Web.ex Stechm. and Salsola iberica Sennen&Pau. In associations where there are representatives of the Poaceae, Brassicaceae and Caryophyllaceae, nitrogen decreases to 1.72–1.74%. Its value was higher on light‐chestnut soil, being 1.82% of absolutely dry mass, while on meadow‐chestnut soil it decreased to 1.75 and on saline soil is typically 1.38%. In the root mass of plant associations, its indicators were 3.2 times less than in the above ground mass. Nitrogen reserves by blocks of plant matter formed the following decreasing series: roots ≥ green mass ≥ rags ≥ felt. In the input part of the balance in plant associations, 171.6 nitrogen accumulates on light‐chestnut soil, 63.1 on meadow‐chestnut soil, 49.1 kg/ha on automorphic typical saline soil, and 171.9; 64.3 and 58.1 kg/ha in the expenditure part, respectively. the balance of nitrogen in the first type of soil is formed with a minimum deficit of 0.6 kg/ha, 1.2 and 9 kg/ha, respectively.","PeriodicalId":41300,"journal":{"name":"South of Russia-Ecology Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89554111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-30DOI: 10.18470/1992-1098-2023-1-140-156
G. Nedurmagomedov, Z. V. Ataev
Aim. The article is to identify effective conditions for the development of ecological culture in Dagestan schools in the interests of sustainable regional development.Material and Methods. To achieve this goal, adequate methods were used, taking into account the specifics of each stage of the work: analysis of scientific literature (psychological-pedagogical, methodological and environmental), regulatory and programme-methodical documents about the problem; observation, pedagogical experiment, testing, study of pedagogical experience and methods of mathematical processing of experimental results (%2-criterion).Results. The development of the global environmental crisis has set before society the task of survival and ensuring the existence of mankind, in the context of the concept of "sustainable development of mankind", considered as development that meets the needs of the present and does not jeopardize the ability of future generations to meet their needs. This allows us to state the relevance of introducing effective models of environmental education for sustainable development (one-subject, multisubject and mixed) into school curricula. The results of the study show the effectiveness of various types of ecologisation (subject, inter-subject and meta-subject) and the "mixed model". A textbook on regional ecology (Ecology of Dagestan) was developed, taking into account the specifics of the laws of functioning of the ecosystems of the planet and the region. With the inclusion of regional ecology in the "mixed model", school environmental education for sustainable development has been completed.Conclusions. Environmental education in the interests of sustainable development and preservation of the natural and cultural heritage of the region is effective in the greening of school disciplines and the use of a "mixed model", and the inclusion of a national and regional component in their content.
{"title":"National and regional experience in the implementation of environmental education for sustainable development and preservation of regional natural and cultural heritage","authors":"G. Nedurmagomedov, Z. V. Ataev","doi":"10.18470/1992-1098-2023-1-140-156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18470/1992-1098-2023-1-140-156","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. The article is to identify effective conditions for the development of ecological culture in Dagestan schools in the interests of sustainable regional development.Material and Methods. To achieve this goal, adequate methods were used, taking into account the specifics of each stage of the work: analysis of scientific literature (psychological-pedagogical, methodological and environmental), regulatory and programme-methodical documents about the problem; observation, pedagogical experiment, testing, study of pedagogical experience and methods of mathematical processing of experimental results (%2-criterion).Results. The development of the global environmental crisis has set before society the task of survival and ensuring the existence of mankind, in the context of the concept of \"sustainable development of mankind\", considered as development that meets the needs of the present and does not jeopardize the ability of future generations to meet their needs. This allows us to state the relevance of introducing effective models of environmental education for sustainable development (one-subject, multisubject and mixed) into school curricula. The results of the study show the effectiveness of various types of ecologisation (subject, inter-subject and meta-subject) and the \"mixed model\". A textbook on regional ecology (Ecology of Dagestan) was developed, taking into account the specifics of the laws of functioning of the ecosystems of the planet and the region. With the inclusion of regional ecology in the \"mixed model\", school environmental education for sustainable development has been completed.Conclusions. Environmental education in the interests of sustainable development and preservation of the natural and cultural heritage of the region is effective in the greening of school disciplines and the use of a \"mixed model\", and the inclusion of a national and regional component in their content.","PeriodicalId":41300,"journal":{"name":"South of Russia-Ecology Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76149621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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