Pub Date : 2022-12-30DOI: 10.18470/1992-1098-2022-4-174-181
A. Ponomarev, O. Kremneva, K. E. Gasiyan, R. Danilov
Aim. To analyze the data in the available literature regarding the effect of various tillages on the development and prevalence of wheat pathogens.Discussion. According to the literature, the existing tillage technologies – classical, minimal and zero – significantly affect the development of pathogens that cause the development of wheat diseases in regions that differ in soil and climatic conditions. In Russia and other countries near and far, the issue of combating diseases of agricultural crops is dealt with by chemical, biological and agrotechnical methods. Despite the fact that agrotechnical methods are of the utmost importance in the general system of measures to protect plants from damage, for a long‐time agricultural technology as a means of plant protection was underestimated. However, many agricultural techniques, as well as genetics and selection, increase the resistance of plants to damage.Conclusion. As a result of these techniques, it is possible to create environmental conditions that will be unfavourable for the reproduction of diseases. At the present time, opinion is firmly established that separately undertaken, isolated methods cannot properly solve the problem of protecting plants from pathogens of agricultural crops. Only a set of methods combined into a system of measures provides a solid basis for plant protection. And in this system of measures, the role of agricultural practices is extremely large.
{"title":"Influence of tillage methods on the development of wheat diseases Aestivum and Fontum","authors":"A. Ponomarev, O. Kremneva, K. E. Gasiyan, R. Danilov","doi":"10.18470/1992-1098-2022-4-174-181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18470/1992-1098-2022-4-174-181","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To analyze the data in the available literature regarding the effect of various tillages on the development and prevalence of wheat pathogens.Discussion. According to the literature, the existing tillage technologies – classical, minimal and zero – significantly affect the development of pathogens that cause the development of wheat diseases in regions that differ in soil and climatic conditions. In Russia and other countries near and far, the issue of combating diseases of agricultural crops is dealt with by chemical, biological and agrotechnical methods. Despite the fact that agrotechnical methods are of the utmost importance in the general system of measures to protect plants from damage, for a long‐time agricultural technology as a means of plant protection was underestimated. However, many agricultural techniques, as well as genetics and selection, increase the resistance of plants to damage.Conclusion. As a result of these techniques, it is possible to create environmental conditions that will be unfavourable for the reproduction of diseases. At the present time, opinion is firmly established that separately undertaken, isolated methods cannot properly solve the problem of protecting plants from pathogens of agricultural crops. Only a set of methods combined into a system of measures provides a solid basis for plant protection. And in this system of measures, the role of agricultural practices is extremely large.","PeriodicalId":41300,"journal":{"name":"South of Russia-Ecology Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85058777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-29DOI: 10.18470/1992-1098-2022-4-101-110
N. Tomashevich, T. M. Sidorova, O. Kiseleva, I. Kurbatov, V. V. Allahverdyan, A. Asaturova
Aim. To study the structure of bacteria exometabolites of the Bacillus velezensis BZR336g strain using the GC×GC‐MS method when cultivated on nutrient media differing in the content of microelements.Material and Methods. The object of the study is the B. velezensis BZR336g bacterium strain. It shows promise for the development of a biopreparation on its basis for protecting plants against phytopathogenic fungi. Exometabolites were isolated from the liquid culture and their metabolomic profile was analysed with the GC×GC‐MS method using a LECO Pegasus BT‐4D device.Results. Among the identified compounds one can see the precursors of biologically active metabolites of bacteria of the strain B. velezensis BZR336g. Analysis of the total accumulation of fatty acids and their analogs, as well as of amino acids and peptides, by B. velezensis BZR336g bacteria on nutrient media differing in the content of metal ions, shows that Co2+ ions in combination with Mn2+ and Zn2+ ions play an important role in inducing their synthesis. The presence of the Co2+ ion in the nutrient medium has the greatest influence on the synthesis of peptide components. If it is removed from the nutrient medium, the amount of amino acids and peptides decreases by almost two times. Benzene compounds can act as precursors of aromatic hydrocarbons, which are also of interest in the analysis of bacterial metabolism, since they have antimicrobial activity.Conclusions. The number of compounds that are precursors of lipopeptide metabolites depends on the content of metal ions in the nutrient medium. This fact may vary depending on the combination in which the metals are present.
{"title":"Determining the role of microelements for the synthesis of antifungal metabolites of the antagonistic Bacillus velezensis strain","authors":"N. Tomashevich, T. M. Sidorova, O. Kiseleva, I. Kurbatov, V. V. Allahverdyan, A. Asaturova","doi":"10.18470/1992-1098-2022-4-101-110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18470/1992-1098-2022-4-101-110","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To study the structure of bacteria exometabolites of the Bacillus velezensis BZR336g strain using the GC×GC‐MS method when cultivated on nutrient media differing in the content of microelements.Material and Methods. The object of the study is the B. velezensis BZR336g bacterium strain. It shows promise for the development of a biopreparation on its basis for protecting plants against phytopathogenic fungi. Exometabolites were isolated from the liquid culture and their metabolomic profile was analysed with the GC×GC‐MS method using a LECO Pegasus BT‐4D device.Results. Among the identified compounds one can see the precursors of biologically active metabolites of bacteria of the strain B. velezensis BZR336g. Analysis of the total accumulation of fatty acids and their analogs, as well as of amino acids and peptides, by B. velezensis BZR336g bacteria on nutrient media differing in the content of metal ions, shows that Co2+ ions in combination with Mn2+ and Zn2+ ions play an important role in inducing their synthesis. The presence of the Co2+ ion in the nutrient medium has the greatest influence on the synthesis of peptide components. If it is removed from the nutrient medium, the amount of amino acids and peptides decreases by almost two times. Benzene compounds can act as precursors of aromatic hydrocarbons, which are also of interest in the analysis of bacterial metabolism, since they have antimicrobial activity.Conclusions. The number of compounds that are precursors of lipopeptide metabolites depends on the content of metal ions in the nutrient medium. This fact may vary depending on the combination in which the metals are present.","PeriodicalId":41300,"journal":{"name":"South of Russia-Ecology Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84833856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-29DOI: 10.18470/1992-1098-2022-4-79-87
M. Gvozdeva, G. Volkova
Aim. To study the variability of the intrapopulation structure of the causative agent of wheat leaf rust (Puccinia triticina Erikss.) on the basis of pathogenicity under the influence of the combined fungicide Abacus Ultra, SE.Material and Methods. The studies were carried out in the greenhouse complex of the Federal Research Center of Biological Plant Protection on the winter wheat variety Krasnodarskaya 99 which is susceptible to leaf rust. The material studied was the combined fungicide Abacus Ultra, SE with application rates of 0.75; 1.0; 1.25; 1.5; 1.75 l/ha. The work was carried out according to generally accepted methods.Results. The influence of the impact of different rates of application of the fungicide Abacus Ultra, SE on the average virulence of the P. triticina population was established, this indicator varying from 40.0% (control [without treatment]) to 19.5% (fungicide application rate 1.75 l/ha). As a result of the analysis of the phenotypic composition of the population, 5 phenotypes were identified. A decrease in the viability of spores of the fungus P. triticina with an increase in the rate of application of the fungicide was established, this indicator varying from 69.1% (0.75 l/ha) to 29.2% (1.75 l/ha). A decrease in the aggressiveness of the population of the causative agent of leaf rust with an increase in the rate of application of the drug was established. The biological effectiveness of the fungicide Abacus Ultra, SE against the pathogen was 95.3–97.8% at the recommended application rate of 1.0–1.5 l/ha.Conclusion. The study showed that the population of the leaf rust pathogen treated with the chemical fungicide Abacus Ultra, SE is characterised by a change in structure in terms of aggressiveness and virulence, while the sensitivity remains high due to the combination of the active substances pyraclostrobin and epoxiconazole with a different mechanism of action in the preparation.
{"title":"Study of the effect of the combined fungicide Abacus Ultra on the population structure of the wheat leaf rust pathogen","authors":"M. Gvozdeva, G. Volkova","doi":"10.18470/1992-1098-2022-4-79-87","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18470/1992-1098-2022-4-79-87","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To study the variability of the intrapopulation structure of the causative agent of wheat leaf rust (Puccinia triticina Erikss.) on the basis of pathogenicity under the influence of the combined fungicide Abacus Ultra, SE.Material and Methods. The studies were carried out in the greenhouse complex of the Federal Research Center of Biological Plant Protection on the winter wheat variety Krasnodarskaya 99 which is susceptible to leaf rust. The material studied was the combined fungicide Abacus Ultra, SE with application rates of 0.75; 1.0; 1.25; 1.5; 1.75 l/ha. The work was carried out according to generally accepted methods.Results. The influence of the impact of different rates of application of the fungicide Abacus Ultra, SE on the average virulence of the P. triticina population was established, this indicator varying from 40.0% (control [without treatment]) to 19.5% (fungicide application rate 1.75 l/ha). As a result of the analysis of the phenotypic composition of the population, 5 phenotypes were identified. A decrease in the viability of spores of the fungus P. triticina with an increase in the rate of application of the fungicide was established, this indicator varying from 69.1% (0.75 l/ha) to 29.2% (1.75 l/ha). A decrease in the aggressiveness of the population of the causative agent of leaf rust with an increase in the rate of application of the drug was established. The biological effectiveness of the fungicide Abacus Ultra, SE against the pathogen was 95.3–97.8% at the recommended application rate of 1.0–1.5 l/ha.Conclusion. The study showed that the population of the leaf rust pathogen treated with the chemical fungicide Abacus Ultra, SE is characterised by a change in structure in terms of aggressiveness and virulence, while the sensitivity remains high due to the combination of the active substances pyraclostrobin and epoxiconazole with a different mechanism of action in the preparation.","PeriodicalId":41300,"journal":{"name":"South of Russia-Ecology Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86939867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-29DOI: 10.18470/1992-1098-2022-4-88-100
Y. Volkov, N. Kakareka, V. Tolkach, M. Shchelkanov
Aim. To systematise data on pathogens of viral diseases of garden and berry crops in the south of the Russian Far East.Discussion. The peculiar climatic features of the Far East limit the range of garden and berry crops. However, there are a significant number of species of wild fruits and berry plants in the region, which have increased (often – record breaking) frost resistance and are therefore actively used for breeding new cultural forms. At the same time, for the last century and a half new varieties of garden crops have been actively introduced to the Far East, which has lead to an increase in the risk of penetration of entire phytovirus complexes together with vegetatively propagated (cuttings, vaccinations) plants. The greatest damage to garden crops in the Far East is caused by a number of representatives of the genus Nepovirus (Picornavirales: Secoviridae): Tomato ringspot virus, Arabis mosaic virus, Raspberry ringspot virus, Grapevine fanleaf virus, Grapevine linear pattern virus as well as several still unidentified viruses. Among other taxonomic groups of phytoviruses dangerous for fruit and berry crops one could point out Potato virus Y (Patatavirales: Potyviridae, Potyvirus), Carnation ringspot virus (Tolivirales: Tombusviridae, Dianthovirus), Clover yellow mosaic virus (Tymovirales: Alphaflexiviridae, Potexvirus), Cucumber mosaic virus (Martellivirales: Bromoviridae, Cucumovirus), Alfalfa mosaic virus (Martellivirales: Bromoviridae, Alfamovirus). The paper considers the species composition of aphids‐carriers of phytoviruses affecting garden crops of the region.Conclusions. In connection with the further prospects for the development of horticulture in the Russian Far East, it is necessary to intensify ecological and virological studies of this section of phytovirology as well as to increase access to agricultural producers with available test systems.
{"title":"Viral diseases of fruit and berry crops in the South of the Russian Far East","authors":"Y. Volkov, N. Kakareka, V. Tolkach, M. Shchelkanov","doi":"10.18470/1992-1098-2022-4-88-100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18470/1992-1098-2022-4-88-100","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To systematise data on pathogens of viral diseases of garden and berry crops in the south of the Russian Far East.Discussion. The peculiar climatic features of the Far East limit the range of garden and berry crops. However, there are a significant number of species of wild fruits and berry plants in the region, which have increased (often – record breaking) frost resistance and are therefore actively used for breeding new cultural forms. At the same time, for the last century and a half new varieties of garden crops have been actively introduced to the Far East, which has lead to an increase in the risk of penetration of entire phytovirus complexes together with vegetatively propagated (cuttings, vaccinations) plants. The greatest damage to garden crops in the Far East is caused by a number of representatives of the genus Nepovirus (Picornavirales: Secoviridae): Tomato ringspot virus, Arabis mosaic virus, Raspberry ringspot virus, Grapevine fanleaf virus, Grapevine linear pattern virus as well as several still unidentified viruses. Among other taxonomic groups of phytoviruses dangerous for fruit and berry crops one could point out Potato virus Y (Patatavirales: Potyviridae, Potyvirus), Carnation ringspot virus (Tolivirales: Tombusviridae, Dianthovirus), Clover yellow mosaic virus (Tymovirales: Alphaflexiviridae, Potexvirus), Cucumber mosaic virus (Martellivirales: Bromoviridae, Cucumovirus), Alfalfa mosaic virus (Martellivirales: Bromoviridae, Alfamovirus). The paper considers the species composition of aphids‐carriers of phytoviruses affecting garden crops of the region.Conclusions. In connection with the further prospects for the development of horticulture in the Russian Far East, it is necessary to intensify ecological and virological studies of this section of phytovirology as well as to increase access to agricultural producers with available test systems.","PeriodicalId":41300,"journal":{"name":"South of Russia-Ecology Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91310733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-29DOI: 10.18470/1992-1098-2022-4-40-49
T. Trifonova, S. Shoba, N. Mishchenko, E. Bykova, P. Shutov, O. Saveliev, R. Repkin
Aim. On the basis of factual material, an assessment was made of the state of land previously (more than 15 years ago) developed as arable land and "abandoned" to date.Material and Methods. Control plots located in different landscape provinces of the Volga‐Oka interfluve were compared in terms of the state of the vegetation cover, as well as the type of overgrowth.Results. Three types of overgrowing of postagrogenic lands characteristic of the initial and intermediate stages of overgrowing of pre‐climax communities have been identified: overgrowing of fields associated with a change in land use; overgrowing of fields with a nearby forest; and overgrowing of fields without a closely located forest.Conclusion. It was shown that as a result of the overgrowing of agricultural lands, the species diversity of plant communities is sharply reduced, the restoration of which is very problematic in the foreseeable future. While postagrogenic phytocenoses are able to gradually restore their production potential to the level of natural phytocenoses, however, their productivity will occur with a different species composition of herbaceous plants with low biodiversity.
{"title":"Postagrogenic phytocenoses of the Volga‐Oka interfluve, Russia","authors":"T. Trifonova, S. Shoba, N. Mishchenko, E. Bykova, P. Shutov, O. Saveliev, R. Repkin","doi":"10.18470/1992-1098-2022-4-40-49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18470/1992-1098-2022-4-40-49","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. On the basis of factual material, an assessment was made of the state of land previously (more than 15 years ago) developed as arable land and \"abandoned\" to date.Material and Methods. Control plots located in different landscape provinces of the Volga‐Oka interfluve were compared in terms of the state of the vegetation cover, as well as the type of overgrowth.Results. Three types of overgrowing of postagrogenic lands characteristic of the initial and intermediate stages of overgrowing of pre‐climax communities have been identified: overgrowing of fields associated with a change in land use; overgrowing of fields with a nearby forest; and overgrowing of fields without a closely located forest.Conclusion. It was shown that as a result of the overgrowing of agricultural lands, the species diversity of plant communities is sharply reduced, the restoration of which is very problematic in the foreseeable future. While postagrogenic phytocenoses are able to gradually restore their production potential to the level of natural phytocenoses, however, their productivity will occur with a different species composition of herbaceous plants with low biodiversity.","PeriodicalId":41300,"journal":{"name":"South of Russia-Ecology Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90935448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-29DOI: 10.18470/1992-1098-2022-4-140-152
M. A. Kashnitskaya, M. Bolgov
Aim. Assess the change in the hydrological regime of the Torey Lakes based on a probabilistic forecast of the parameters of the water balance of these reservoirs, taking into account anthropogenic influence.Material and Methods. The study used materials from the state observation network of Roshydromet, Earth remote sensing data, research materials from scientific organisations and other sources of information that are in the public domain. Methods of statistical data analysis, mathematical modeling, hydrological calculations, including the water balance method and methods of processing and decoding satellite information were used.Results. With the implementation of the planned water management project, accompanied by additional non‐returnable water consumption in Mongolia, the consequences for the water regime of the Torey Lakes can be significant, especially in the low‐water phase of the water cycle, when the level decrease in the Barun‐Torey Lake will average 70 cm and in Zun‐ Torey – 80 cm. Through this project, the faster drying of the lakes, on average 2–3 years earlier, will be avoided.Conclusions. The ecological systems of the Dauria region are characterized by a process of cyclic succession and are mainly adapted to the contemporary climatic moisture cycle. For these ecosystems, any changes in external factors are fundamentally important, since they can lead to the irreversibility of natural processes. Based on the results obtained in this study, it is possible to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the anthropogenic impact on the state of the Torey Lakes and nearby ecosystems.
{"title":"Hydrological regime of the transboundary Uldza River and terminal Torey Lakes under conditions of anthropogenic impact","authors":"M. A. Kashnitskaya, M. Bolgov","doi":"10.18470/1992-1098-2022-4-140-152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18470/1992-1098-2022-4-140-152","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. Assess the change in the hydrological regime of the Torey Lakes based on a probabilistic forecast of the parameters of the water balance of these reservoirs, taking into account anthropogenic influence.Material and Methods. The study used materials from the state observation network of Roshydromet, Earth remote sensing data, research materials from scientific organisations and other sources of information that are in the public domain. Methods of statistical data analysis, mathematical modeling, hydrological calculations, including the water balance method and methods of processing and decoding satellite information were used.Results. With the implementation of the planned water management project, accompanied by additional non‐returnable water consumption in Mongolia, the consequences for the water regime of the Torey Lakes can be significant, especially in the low‐water phase of the water cycle, when the level decrease in the Barun‐Torey Lake will average 70 cm and in Zun‐ Torey – 80 cm. Through this project, the faster drying of the lakes, on average 2–3 years earlier, will be avoided.Conclusions. The ecological systems of the Dauria region are characterized by a process of cyclic succession and are mainly adapted to the contemporary climatic moisture cycle. For these ecosystems, any changes in external factors are fundamentally important, since they can lead to the irreversibility of natural processes. Based on the results obtained in this study, it is possible to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the anthropogenic impact on the state of the Torey Lakes and nearby ecosystems.","PeriodicalId":41300,"journal":{"name":"South of Russia-Ecology Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72420031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-29DOI: 10.18470/1992-1098-2022-4-130-139
S. Levykin, A. Chibilev, Y. Gulyanov, I. Yakovlev, G. Kazachkov
Aim. To analyse the consequences of the virgin lands (1954‐1963) agrarian‐social megaproject, and of current land reforms. To elaborate contributions to the Russian post‐virgin land space development strategy.Material and methods. Historical records and sources, field geographical observations data and survey information have been used. The convergence principle, cartographic, comparative historical and comparative typological analyses, expert assessment and the logical method of generalizations have been applied.Results. A notion concerning the cumulative consequences of the largest agrarian‐social megaprojects, such as the Virgin Land campaign of 1954‐ 1963 and land reforms in Russia and Kazakhstan in the 1990s, has been developed. The actual socio‐economical and ecological problems of post‐ virgin land areas have been examined. A differentiated assessment of the self‐reconstruction potential of the steppe is given. The value of a system of formed steppe cores is demonstrated through the example of post‐ virgin land space in the Orenburgskaya oblast and a series of recommendations on these rational utlisation of these cores is proposed.Conclusion. The post‐virgin land space in Russia is characterised by a series of acute agroecological and conservational problems, such as poor development of adaptive animal husbandry and fodder production and priority accorded high risk dry crop farming. The realisation in practice of agronomy extensive approaches based on irreversible natural resources mobilization and on soil consumptive commercial crops expansion are accompanied by topsoil degradation. Under current conditions, the conservation and restoration of title (key) steppe biological objects and the more effective realisation of post‐virgin land space developmental potential both require urgent strategic initiatives by the Russiann Federation Government.
{"title":"Advanced views regarding the post‐virgin land geographical space of Eurasia and Russia in the light of current land reforms","authors":"S. Levykin, A. Chibilev, Y. Gulyanov, I. Yakovlev, G. Kazachkov","doi":"10.18470/1992-1098-2022-4-130-139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18470/1992-1098-2022-4-130-139","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To analyse the consequences of the virgin lands (1954‐1963) agrarian‐social megaproject, and of current land reforms. To elaborate contributions to the Russian post‐virgin land space development strategy.Material and methods. Historical records and sources, field geographical observations data and survey information have been used. The convergence principle, cartographic, comparative historical and comparative typological analyses, expert assessment and the logical method of generalizations have been applied.Results. A notion concerning the cumulative consequences of the largest agrarian‐social megaprojects, such as the Virgin Land campaign of 1954‐ 1963 and land reforms in Russia and Kazakhstan in the 1990s, has been developed. The actual socio‐economical and ecological problems of post‐ virgin land areas have been examined. A differentiated assessment of the self‐reconstruction potential of the steppe is given. The value of a system of formed steppe cores is demonstrated through the example of post‐ virgin land space in the Orenburgskaya oblast and a series of recommendations on these rational utlisation of these cores is proposed.Conclusion. The post‐virgin land space in Russia is characterised by a series of acute agroecological and conservational problems, such as poor development of adaptive animal husbandry and fodder production and priority accorded high risk dry crop farming. The realisation in practice of agronomy extensive approaches based on irreversible natural resources mobilization and on soil consumptive commercial crops expansion are accompanied by topsoil degradation. Under current conditions, the conservation and restoration of title (key) steppe biological objects and the more effective realisation of post‐virgin land space developmental potential both require urgent strategic initiatives by the Russiann Federation Government.","PeriodicalId":41300,"journal":{"name":"South of Russia-Ecology Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88376848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-29DOI: 10.18470/1992-1098-2022-4-61-78
V. Kolpakova, R. Ulanova, D. Kulikov, V. Gulakova, L. Vasilyeva, Y. Berestovskaya, E. G. Cheremnykh, A. Ashikhmin
Aim. The aim of the work was to study the possibility of using an environmentally friendly strain of yeast of the genus Rhodotorula for the bioconversion into fodder carotenoid‐containing biomass of the secondary product of processing pea flour into a protein concentrate (whey).Material and Methods. We used a new strain of Rhodotorula mucilaginosa 111 and by‐products of processing pea and chickpea flour into protein concentrates and potatoes into starch (whey). We used standard and special methods for the analysis of serum and microbial‐vegetable concentrate (FMVC) namely: chemical; biochemical; microbiological; and the determination of toxicity with ciliates.Results. Optimal conditions for growing R. mucilaginosa 111 on pea whey were determined (temperature 16.9°C, pH 7.8, amount of inoculum 1.85%). More biomass was synthesized on pea whey than on chickpea and potato whey – 81 g/dm3. The mass fraction of protein in the biomass is 58.90±3.03% on dry matter and the rate of essential amino acids is 119– 243%. Lipids included 20% saturated and 78% unsaturated fatty acids, linoleic acid – 45.26±0.70%, oleic – 24.04±0.76%, palmitoleic – 6.46±0.31%, palmitic – 13.70±0.81%. The yeast produced phytoin derivatives, torulene, β‐carotene, torularodin and phytoin. FMVC from pea whey stimulated the growth of ciliates Tetrahymena pyriformis by 29.1%, from chickpea whey (by 18.6% more intensively than distilled water), while potato whey reduced its growth rate.Conclusion. The dry biomass of the ecologically safe new yeast strain R. mucilaginosa 111 contained complete proteins, lipids, minerals, and carotenoids necessary for feeding animals. Thus liquid pea whey can be used for its biokonversions, while avoiding environmental pollution.
{"title":"Use of environmentally safe micromycetes of the genus Rhodotorula to obtain fodder carotene‐containing concentrate","authors":"V. Kolpakova, R. Ulanova, D. Kulikov, V. Gulakova, L. Vasilyeva, Y. Berestovskaya, E. G. Cheremnykh, A. Ashikhmin","doi":"10.18470/1992-1098-2022-4-61-78","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18470/1992-1098-2022-4-61-78","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. The aim of the work was to study the possibility of using an environmentally friendly strain of yeast of the genus Rhodotorula for the bioconversion into fodder carotenoid‐containing biomass of the secondary product of processing pea flour into a protein concentrate (whey).Material and Methods. We used a new strain of Rhodotorula mucilaginosa 111 and by‐products of processing pea and chickpea flour into protein concentrates and potatoes into starch (whey). We used standard and special methods for the analysis of serum and microbial‐vegetable concentrate (FMVC) namely: chemical; biochemical; microbiological; and the determination of toxicity with ciliates.Results. Optimal conditions for growing R. mucilaginosa 111 on pea whey were determined (temperature 16.9°C, pH 7.8, amount of inoculum 1.85%). More biomass was synthesized on pea whey than on chickpea and potato whey – 81 g/dm3. The mass fraction of protein in the biomass is 58.90±3.03% on dry matter and the rate of essential amino acids is 119– 243%. Lipids included 20% saturated and 78% unsaturated fatty acids, linoleic acid – 45.26±0.70%, oleic – 24.04±0.76%, palmitoleic – 6.46±0.31%, palmitic – 13.70±0.81%. The yeast produced phytoin derivatives, torulene, β‐carotene, torularodin and phytoin. FMVC from pea whey stimulated the growth of ciliates Tetrahymena pyriformis by 29.1%, from chickpea whey (by 18.6% more intensively than distilled water), while potato whey reduced its growth rate.Conclusion. The dry biomass of the ecologically safe new yeast strain R. mucilaginosa 111 contained complete proteins, lipids, minerals, and carotenoids necessary for feeding animals. Thus liquid pea whey can be used for its biokonversions, while avoiding environmental pollution.","PeriodicalId":41300,"journal":{"name":"South of Russia-Ecology Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89189623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-29DOI: 10.18470/1992-1098-2022-4-50-60
A. Pashtetsky, O. Ilnitsky
Aim. In connection with global climate change and an increase in the intensity of aridisation of the region of the southern coast of Crimea (SCC), the aim is to study the ecophysiological response of Juniperus excelsa M. Bieb is, during its intensive vegetative phase, and the impact of external environmental factors that greatly influence the characteristics of the water regime, which would allow the possible establishment of optimal and unfavorable conditions for the growth of the species.Material and Methods. Measurements of environmental parameters were carried out using a wireless phytomonitoring system. Applied computer programs were used for statistical data processing. Modeling and smoothing of two‐dimensional data was carried out using the least squares method, robust locally weighted regression and a mathematical model of stepwise regression analysis.Results. To assess the ecophysiological response to the impact of external environmental factors during the growing season of Juniperus excelsa M. Bieb, we applied a mathematical model of stepwise regression analysis. As dependent variables, we used the relative water flow velocity in the shoot (Sf, r.u.) and shoot diameter (d, mm), data were obtained from SF‐5P water flow sensors and SD‐10z sensors. The independent variables were the main environmental factors. The share of dispersion of the dependent variable, explained by the applied models, was determined as 98–99%.Conclusions. The development of a model based on a database of plant functions with appropriate quantitative characteristics will make it possible in the future to predict the ecological state of a particular area or region as a whole.
的目标。考虑到全球气候变化和克里米亚南部海岸地区(SCC)干旱化强度的增加，目的是研究在密集的营养阶段，刺柏(Juniperus excelsa M. Bieb is)的生态生理反应，以及外部环境因素的影响，这些因素极大地影响了水状况的特征，从而可能为该物种的生长建立最佳和不利的条件。材料和方法。使用无线植物监测系统对环境参数进行测量。应用计算机程序对统计数据进行处理。利用最小二乘法、鲁棒局部加权回归和逐步回归分析的数学模型对二维数据进行建模和平滑处理。采用逐步回归分析的数学模型，研究了杉木生长季节对外界环境因素影响的生理生态响应。作为因变量，我们使用了茎部相对水流速度(Sf, r.u)和茎部直径(d, mm)，数据来自Sf‐5P水流传感器和SD‐10z传感器。自变量是主要的环境因素。因变量的离散度所占的份额，由应用模型解释，确定为98 - 99%。基于具有适当数量特征的植物功能数据库的模型的开发将使将来能够预测特定地区或整个地区的生态状态。
{"title":"Modeling of various life processes of Juniperus excelsa M. Bieb to determine optimal growing conditions in the southern coast of Crimea, Russia","authors":"A. Pashtetsky, O. Ilnitsky","doi":"10.18470/1992-1098-2022-4-50-60","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18470/1992-1098-2022-4-50-60","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. In connection with global climate change and an increase in the intensity of aridisation of the region of the southern coast of Crimea (SCC), the aim is to study the ecophysiological response of Juniperus excelsa M. Bieb is, during its intensive vegetative phase, and the impact of external environmental factors that greatly influence the characteristics of the water regime, which would allow the possible establishment of optimal and unfavorable conditions for the growth of the species.Material and Methods. Measurements of environmental parameters were carried out using a wireless phytomonitoring system. Applied computer programs were used for statistical data processing. Modeling and smoothing of two‐dimensional data was carried out using the least squares method, robust locally weighted regression and a mathematical model of stepwise regression analysis.Results. To assess the ecophysiological response to the impact of external environmental factors during the growing season of Juniperus excelsa M. Bieb, we applied a mathematical model of stepwise regression analysis. As dependent variables, we used the relative water flow velocity in the shoot (Sf, r.u.) and shoot diameter (d, mm), data were obtained from SF‐5P water flow sensors and SD‐10z sensors. The independent variables were the main environmental factors. The share of dispersion of the dependent variable, explained by the applied models, was determined as 98–99%.Conclusions. The development of a model based on a database of plant functions with appropriate quantitative characteristics will make it possible in the future to predict the ecological state of a particular area or region as a whole.","PeriodicalId":41300,"journal":{"name":"South of Russia-Ecology Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82821013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-29DOI: 10.18470/1992-1098-2022-4-111-129
Е. I. Каzachinskaia, V. D. Romanova, A. V. Ivanоva, А. А. Chepurnov, Z. A. Murtazalieva, Yu. V. Коnonova, D. Shaulo, V. V. Romanyuk, А. М. Shestopalov
Aim. In vitro analysis of the inhibitory activity of dry ethanol extracts of some Artemisia spp. growing in the Novosibirsk region for SARS‐CoV‐2 replication.Materials and Methods. The laboratory strain SARS‐CoV‐2/human/RUS/Nsk‐FRCFTM‐1/2020 was passed on Vero cell culture. Dry ethanol extracts of plant parts (stems, flowers, leaves) of six types of Artemisia were prepared. The types used were: A. vulgaris L.; A. glauca (Pall. Ex Willd.); A. dracunculus L. (from three growth locations); A. absinthium L.; A. frigida Willd.; and A. sieversiana Ehrh. ex Willd. Dry extracts were dissolved in DMSO. In vitro analysis of the inhibitory activity of extracts against SARS‐CoV‐2 (an infectious titer of 103 TCID50/ml) replication was performed in a Vero E6 cell culture. To do this, the method of direct inactivation (neutralization) of virions, as well as schemes of “preventive” and “therapeutic” of cells, were used. Comparison samples were dry ethanol extracts of Inonotus obliquus, Syzygium aromaticum L. and Camellia sinensis L.Results. Extracts of leaves of Artemisia spp. proved to be most effective in direct inactivation of virions. By equal and decreasing activity these are the species: A. vulgaris; A. dracunculus*; A. absinthium; A. dracunculus***; A. dracunculus**; A. frigidа; A. glauca; and A. sieversiana with a 50% effective concentration of range 1.10±0.24 – 11.72±2.89 μg/ml. Extracts of flowers of A. vulgaris, A.glauca, A. dracunculus*, A. dracunculus**, A. dracunculus***, A. frigida and A. sieversiana also contain biologically active substances which act both destructively on virions and after the virus has entered cells. For extracts of stems consistently high values of EC50 were found for A. glauca (6.84±1.35; 7.81±2.00 and 14.06±3.06 μg/ml) according to the results of three experimental schemes.Conclusion. The results obtained can become the basis for the development of inexpensive domestic drugs for the treatment and/or prevention of COVID‐19.
{"title":"Inhibitory activity of dry ethanol extracts of Artemisia spp. on SARS‐CoV‐2 replication in vitro","authors":"Е. I. Каzachinskaia, V. D. Romanova, A. V. Ivanоva, А. А. Chepurnov, Z. A. Murtazalieva, Yu. V. Коnonova, D. Shaulo, V. V. Romanyuk, А. М. Shestopalov","doi":"10.18470/1992-1098-2022-4-111-129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18470/1992-1098-2022-4-111-129","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. In vitro analysis of the inhibitory activity of dry ethanol extracts of some Artemisia spp. growing in the Novosibirsk region for SARS‐CoV‐2 replication.Materials and Methods. The laboratory strain SARS‐CoV‐2/human/RUS/Nsk‐FRCFTM‐1/2020 was passed on Vero cell culture. Dry ethanol extracts of plant parts (stems, flowers, leaves) of six types of Artemisia were prepared. The types used were: A. vulgaris L.; A. glauca (Pall. Ex Willd.); A. dracunculus L. (from three growth locations); A. absinthium L.; A. frigida Willd.; and A. sieversiana Ehrh. ex Willd. Dry extracts were dissolved in DMSO. In vitro analysis of the inhibitory activity of extracts against SARS‐CoV‐2 (an infectious titer of 103 TCID50/ml) replication was performed in a Vero E6 cell culture. To do this, the method of direct inactivation (neutralization) of virions, as well as schemes of “preventive” and “therapeutic” of cells, were used. Comparison samples were dry ethanol extracts of Inonotus obliquus, Syzygium aromaticum L. and Camellia sinensis L.Results. Extracts of leaves of Artemisia spp. proved to be most effective in direct inactivation of virions. By equal and decreasing activity these are the species: A. vulgaris; A. dracunculus*; A. absinthium; A. dracunculus***; A. dracunculus**; A. frigidа; A. glauca; and A. sieversiana with a 50% effective concentration of range 1.10±0.24 – 11.72±2.89 μg/ml. Extracts of flowers of A. vulgaris, A.glauca, A. dracunculus*, A. dracunculus**, A. dracunculus***, A. frigida and A. sieversiana also contain biologically active substances which act both destructively on virions and after the virus has entered cells. For extracts of stems consistently high values of EC50 were found for A. glauca (6.84±1.35; 7.81±2.00 and 14.06±3.06 μg/ml) according to the results of three experimental schemes.Conclusion. The results obtained can become the basis for the development of inexpensive domestic drugs for the treatment and/or prevention of COVID‐19.","PeriodicalId":41300,"journal":{"name":"South of Russia-Ecology Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75429834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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