Pub Date : 2023-06-19DOI: 10.1075/nowele.00075.sch
M. Schulte
{"title":"Der Rökstein im ökokritischen Trend","authors":"M. Schulte","doi":"10.1075/nowele.00075.sch","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/nowele.00075.sch","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41411,"journal":{"name":"NOWELE-North-Western European Language Evolution","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79094553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-19DOI: 10.1075/nowele.00074.ime
Lisbeth M. Imer, Krister S.K. Vasshus
In 2020 a large gold hoard was discovered in Vindelev, Jutland, Denmark, containing almost 800g of gold. Among the hoard’s artefacts are six runic bracteates discussed here. Two bracteates give important contributions to central discussions in bracteate research. IK 737 is similar to the well-known bracteate IK 58 from Funen. It demonstrates that the much-discussed sequence does not read houaz, but rather horaz, weakening its direct connection to Óðinn through one of his many bynames. IK 738 has one of the best executed inscriptions on a bracteate. The inscription consists of 34 runes (including bind-runes) and its final sequence ‘He/who [is] Óðin’s man’ is a crucial contribution to the discussion of who is depicted on the bracteates, Óðinn or a king? The wording rather indicates the latter.
{"title":"Lost in transition","authors":"Lisbeth M. Imer, Krister S.K. Vasshus","doi":"10.1075/nowele.00074.ime","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/nowele.00074.ime","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000In 2020 a large gold hoard was discovered in Vindelev, Jutland, Denmark, containing almost 800g of gold. Among the hoard’s artefacts are six runic bracteates discussed here. Two bracteates give important contributions to central discussions in bracteate research. IK 737 is similar to the well-known bracteate IK 58 from Funen. It demonstrates that the much-discussed sequence does not read houaz, but rather horaz, weakening its direct connection to Óðinn through one of his many bynames. IK 738 has one of the best executed inscriptions on a bracteate. The inscription consists of 34 runes (including bind-runes) and its final sequence ‘He/who [is] Óðin’s man’ is a crucial contribution to the discussion of who is depicted on the bracteates, Óðinn or a king? The wording rather indicates the latter.","PeriodicalId":41411,"journal":{"name":"NOWELE-North-Western European Language Evolution","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81338413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-19DOI: 10.1075/nowele.00076.how
S. Howe
{"title":"East Anglian English and the Langue de jearse and dow","authors":"S. Howe","doi":"10.1075/nowele.00076.how","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/nowele.00076.how","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41411,"journal":{"name":"NOWELE-North-Western European Language Evolution","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75980752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-19DOI: 10.1075/nowele.00073.tar
Matteo Tarsi
This article examines the acquisition of Swedish and Danish linguistic terminology. Onomasiological in nature, the data gathering for these two languages follows that carried out for Icelandic in an earlier study (Tarsi 2022a). The analytical model used builds on that employed in Tarsi (2022b), and the major innovation introduced here is a categorization of loanword typology based on intralexical chronology rather than on external factors (primary vs. secondary borrowings instead of necessity vs. prestige borrowings, respectively). The main findings of the article are: (1) Shared borrowings tend to be primary in Swedish but secondary in Danish; (2) the two languages show differing degrees of adaptation for loanwords, especially seen in the case of Latinate terminology, a phenomenon not found in Icelandic; (3) Swedish and Danish model their linguistic terminology to a great extent on the same languages, Latin and German, whereas Latin and Danish are the most prominent model languages for Icelandic; finally (4) in both languages there is a flourishing of native terminology in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, comparable in quantity and quality to that appearing in contemporary Icelandic data.
{"title":"Linguistic terminology in Swedish and Danish with comparison of\u0000 Icelandic","authors":"Matteo Tarsi","doi":"10.1075/nowele.00073.tar","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/nowele.00073.tar","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This article examines the acquisition of Swedish and Danish\u0000 linguistic terminology. Onomasiological in nature, the data gathering for these\u0000 two languages follows that carried out for Icelandic in an earlier study (Tarsi 2022a). The analytical model used\u0000 builds on that employed in Tarsi\u0000 (2022b), and the major innovation introduced here is a categorization\u0000 of loanword typology based on intralexical chronology rather than on external\u0000 factors (primary vs. secondary borrowings instead of necessity vs. prestige borrowings, respectively). The main findings of the article are: (1) Shared borrowings tend to be\u0000 primary in Swedish but secondary in Danish; (2) the two languages show differing\u0000 degrees of adaptation for loanwords, especially seen in the case of Latinate\u0000 terminology, a phenomenon not found in Icelandic; (3) Swedish and Danish\u0000 model their linguistic terminology to a great extent on the same languages,\u0000 Latin and German, whereas Latin and Danish are the most prominent model\u0000 languages for Icelandic; finally (4) in both languages there is a flourishing of\u0000 native terminology in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, comparable in\u0000 quantity and quality to that appearing in contemporary Icelandic data.","PeriodicalId":41411,"journal":{"name":"NOWELE-North-Western European Language Evolution","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83428466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-19DOI: 10.1075/nowele.00072.rui
Esaúl Ruiz Narbona
This paper focuses on the inflectional morphology of Latin masculine proper names in Old English. Most common Latin loans are perfectly integrated into the Old English system. Latin proper names, however, like late scholarly loans, show both Latin and Old English inflectional endings in an apparently chaotic distribution. By analysing a selection of 833 tokens from The Old English Martyrology, this paper shows that despite variation, a clear pattern resulting from a combination of the Latin and Old English systems can be detected. While the inflectional endings of one language dominate in some cases, e.g. Latin in the nominative and Old English in the dative, other inflections, e.g. the genitive thematic vowel + ‑s, result from a combination of both languages based on phonetic or spelling similarities. The result is a mixed paradigm predominantly modelled after Old English a-stem nouns.
{"title":"The inflection of Latin masculine proper names in The Old\u0000 English Martyrology","authors":"Esaúl Ruiz Narbona","doi":"10.1075/nowele.00072.rui","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/nowele.00072.rui","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This paper focuses on the inflectional morphology of Latin\u0000 masculine proper names in Old English. Most common Latin loans are perfectly\u0000 integrated into the Old English system. Latin proper names, however, like late\u0000 scholarly loans, show both Latin and Old English inflectional endings in an\u0000 apparently chaotic distribution. By analysing a selection of 833 tokens from\u0000 The Old English Martyrology, this paper shows that despite\u0000 variation, a clear pattern resulting from a combination of the Latin and Old\u0000 English systems can be detected. While the inflectional endings of one language\u0000 dominate in some cases, e.g. Latin in the nominative and Old English in the\u0000 dative, other inflections, e.g. the genitive thematic vowel +\u0000 ‑s, result from a combination of both languages based on\u0000 phonetic or spelling similarities. The result is a mixed paradigm predominantly\u0000 modelled after Old English a-stem nouns.","PeriodicalId":41411,"journal":{"name":"NOWELE-North-Western European Language Evolution","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87686761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-22DOI: 10.1075/nowele.00067.san
Gerardo Sánchez Argüelles, Bettelou Los
This is a study of the semantics of definiteness marking and of its applicability to the Old East Scandinavian linguistic scenario. Contrary to the Modern Continental Scandinavian languages, Old East Scandinavian varieties did not possess fully-fledged definite articles, although all three demonstrative systems (hinn, -inn, sá/þænn, and sjá/þænni) show some evidence of being used as markers of definiteness. A semantic analysis of these forms in extracts from the Scanian Law and Guta Lag reveals the differentiated intermediate stages along the cline of grammaticalisation these definiteness markers found themselves in during this linguistic period. This confirms, in turn, that despite not being employed as definite articles proper, hinn, -inn and sá/þænn show some degree of semantic bleaching.
这是一项明确标记的语义及其在古东斯堪的纳维亚语言情景中的适用性的研究。与现代斯堪的纳维亚大陆语言相反，古东斯堪的纳维亚的各种语言没有完全成熟的定冠词，尽管所有三个指示系统(hinn， -inn, s /þænni和sj /þænni)都显示出被用作确定性标记的一些证据。对《斯坎尼亚定律》和《古塔拉格》节选的这些形式进行语义分析，揭示了这些确定性标记在这一语言时期沿着语法化的变化所处的不同中间阶段。这反过来证实了，尽管hinn， -inn和s /þænn不被用作定冠词，但它们在语义上表现出一定程度的漂白。
{"title":"Incipient articles in Old East Scandinavian varieties","authors":"Gerardo Sánchez Argüelles, Bettelou Los","doi":"10.1075/nowele.00067.san","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/nowele.00067.san","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This is a study of the semantics of definiteness marking and of its applicability to the Old East Scandinavian\u0000 linguistic scenario. Contrary to the Modern Continental Scandinavian languages, Old East Scandinavian varieties did not possess\u0000 fully-fledged definite articles, although all three demonstrative systems (hinn, -inn, sá/þænn, and\u0000 sjá/þænni) show some evidence of being used as markers of definiteness. A semantic analysis of these forms in\u0000 extracts from the Scanian Law and Guta Lag reveals the differentiated intermediate stages along\u0000 the cline of grammaticalisation these definiteness markers found themselves in during this linguistic period. This confirms, in\u0000 turn, that despite not being employed as definite articles proper, hinn, -inn and sá/þænn show\u0000 some degree of semantic bleaching.","PeriodicalId":41411,"journal":{"name":"NOWELE-North-Western European Language Evolution","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88770900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-22DOI: 10.1075/nowele.00071.lar
P. Larsson
{"title":"Review of Barnes, Page, Knirk, Nordby, Williams & Wilson (2019): The Runic Inscriptions of the Isle of Man","authors":"P. Larsson","doi":"10.1075/nowele.00071.lar","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/nowele.00071.lar","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41411,"journal":{"name":"NOWELE-North-Western European Language Evolution","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79487053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-22DOI: 10.1075/nowele.00068.mar
Jón Símon Markússon
This article examines the limited productivity of a minimally schematic Icelandic microclass, originally containing bók ‘book’, bót ‘patch’, brók ‘trousers’, nót ‘fishing net’, and rót ‘root’ only. Productivity is betrayed by the addition of feminine blók ‘nonentity’ and forms of neuter kók ‘Coke™’. While plural nominative/accusative blækur and kækur speak to the productivity of the microclass specifically, doublet forms in both paradigms follow multiple inflection classes. Some are of the opinion that plural kækur belies real language use, as it is only used for humorous effect. The current paper applies a usage-based cognitive analysis to the relevant data with two objectives. First, to account for graded membership in the microclass as a function of limited productivity. Secondly, to demonstrate that innovative kækur and blækur are deduced by identical means. It is concluded that productivity is a property of language use, which is posited as a function of analogy.
{"title":"Tvær blækur labba inn á bar","authors":"Jón Símon Markússon","doi":"10.1075/nowele.00068.mar","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/nowele.00068.mar","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000This article examines the limited productivity of a minimally schematic Icelandic microclass, originally containing bók ‘book’, bót ‘patch’, brók ‘trousers’, nót ‘fishing net’, and rót ‘root’ only. Productivity is betrayed by the addition of feminine blók ‘nonentity’ and forms of neuter kók ‘Coke™’. While plural nominative/accusative blækur and kækur speak to the productivity of the microclass specifically, doublet forms in both paradigms follow multiple inflection classes. Some are of the opinion that plural kækur belies real language use, as it is only used for humorous effect. The current paper applies a usage-based cognitive analysis to the relevant data with two objectives. First, to account for graded membership in the microclass as a function of limited productivity. Secondly, to demonstrate that innovative kækur and blækur are deduced by identical means. It is concluded that productivity is a property of language use, which is posited as a function of analogy.","PeriodicalId":41411,"journal":{"name":"NOWELE-North-Western European Language Evolution","volume":"97 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76719195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-22DOI: 10.1075/nowele.00066.tar
Matteo Tarsi
The article addresses a selection of meanings fundamental to linguistic discourse in Icelandic. Their diverse lexical manifestations were collected from twenty-four works, produced during eight centuries: from the First Grammatical Treatise (1130–1140) to Alexander Jóhannesson’s Frumnorræn málfræði (1920), by which time current grammatical terminology had for the most part reached its “modern” state. The excerpted data is analyzed with regard to its internal organization, by exploring the nature of its systematization, the strategies employed in coining grammatical terminology, and the relationship between current Icelandic grammatical terminology and medieval and early-modern terminology. From the analysis it becomes clear that: (1) calquing (mostly structural) and autonomous word coinage are the most prolific strategies, whereas borrowing and the employment of inherited lexemes are marginal; (2) Latin is the principal direct model for terms, and Danish constitutes another important source. Direct influence of Ælfrician terminology on the Old Icelandic grammatical lexicon is questionable; (3) the terminology currently used primarily comprises terms stemming from the 19th, and to a lesser extent the 18th century, with medieval terminology still being employed only in the case of very basic terms.
{"title":"Grammatical core terminology in Icelandic","authors":"Matteo Tarsi","doi":"10.1075/nowele.00066.tar","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/nowele.00066.tar","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The article addresses a selection of meanings fundamental to linguistic discourse in Icelandic. Their diverse lexical manifestations were collected from twenty-four works, produced during eight centuries: from the First Grammatical Treatise (1130–1140) to Alexander Jóhannesson’s Frumnorræn málfræði (1920), by which time current grammatical terminology had for the most part reached its “modern” state. The excerpted data is analyzed with regard to its internal organization, by exploring the nature of its systematization, the strategies employed in coining grammatical terminology, and the relationship between current Icelandic grammatical terminology and medieval and early-modern terminology. From the analysis it becomes clear that: (1) calquing (mostly structural) and autonomous word coinage are the most prolific strategies, whereas borrowing and the employment of inherited lexemes are marginal; (2) Latin is the principal direct model for terms, and Danish constitutes another important source. Direct influence of Ælfrician terminology on the Old Icelandic grammatical lexicon is questionable; (3) the terminology currently used primarily comprises terms stemming from the 19th, and to a lesser extent the 18th century, with medieval terminology still being employed only in the case of very basic terms.","PeriodicalId":41411,"journal":{"name":"NOWELE-North-Western European Language Evolution","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85828828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-22DOI: 10.1075/nowele.00070.rau
Christine Rauer
{"title":"Review of Ringe (2021): A Historical Morphology of English","authors":"Christine Rauer","doi":"10.1075/nowele.00070.rau","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/nowele.00070.rau","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41411,"journal":{"name":"NOWELE-North-Western European Language Evolution","volume":"86 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73725439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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