Journal of Religion in Japan最新文献_第4页

EKŌ-JI EKō-JI

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Journal of Religion in Japan

Pub Date : 2021-07-14 DOI: 10.1163/22118349-01002011

Marc Nottelmann-Feil

The EKŌ temple in Düsseldorf was built thanks to the initiative and financial support of the Japanese entrepreneur Numata Ehan as one part of a German-Japanese cultural center. Following the vision of its founder, the EKŌ temple is dedicated to all schools of Japanese Buddhism, even though its basic layout is that of a Shin Buddhist temple. This article explores Numata’s founding vision, which is based on a modern interpretation of Buddhism, and it also describes the different groups that are involved in the life of the temple today. Significantly, different conceptions of Buddhism and the meaning of a temple coexist at EKŌ. These differences are particularly noticeable between Western and Japanese visitors; furthermore, they hint at the different processes of modernization that Japanese Buddhism in the West and in Japan respectively underwent, both of which continue to influence Buddhism today.

位于德塞尔多夫的EKŌ寺庙是在日本企业家Numata Ehan的倡议和财政支持下建成的，是德日文化中心的一部分。按照创始人的设想，EKŌ寺庙的基本布局是信教寺庙，但它致力于日本佛教的所有学派。本文探讨了Numata的创始愿景，这是基于对佛教的现代诠释，并描述了今天寺庙生活中涉及的不同群体。值得注意的是，不同的佛教观念和寺庙的意义共存于EKŌ。这些差异在西方和日本游客之间尤为明显;此外，它们还暗示了日本佛教在西方和日本各自经历的不同的现代化过程，这两个过程都继续影响着今天的佛教。

引用次数: 1

The Oppressor’s Dilemma 压迫者的困境

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Journal of Religion in Japan

Pub Date : 2021-03-22 DOI: 10.1163/22118349-20210001

J. LeFebvre

For the last thirty-five years, the majority of Japanese wedding ceremonies have involved Christianity, but scholars have struggled with Christianity’s increasingly prominent place within the Japanese religious landscape. The tendency has been to refute the religiosity of Christian weddings and embrace the rhetoric of Japanese essentialism. However, following its prohibition in 1612, the ongoing “eradication” of Christianity defined the very nature of Japanese subjecthood, made Christianity indispensable to the Japanese state, and entrenched ritualized acts of disassociation from the religion within the lives of every individual. Modern arguments, too, continue to assert Christianity’s foreignness, portraying it as the religion of colonialism or contending that “foreign” conceptions of religion are inappropriate within the Japanese context. However, the popularity of Christian wedding ceremonies within the context of postwar Japan owes much to prewar and wartime Japanese state policy where the Japanese government adopted policies toward religion that helped set the stage for the later acceptance of the Christian marriage rite.

在过去的35年里，大多数日本婚礼都涉及基督教，但学者们对基督教在日本宗教景观中日益突出的地位感到困惑。目前的趋势是反驳基督教婚礼的宗教性，接受日本本质主义的修辞。然而，在1612年禁止基督教之后，对基督教的持续“根除”定义了日本主体性的本质，使基督教成为日本国家不可或缺的一部分，并在每个人的生活中确立了与宗教分离的仪式化行为。现代的争论也继续主张基督教的异域性，将其描绘成殖民主义的宗教，或者争辩说“外来”的宗教观念在日本的背景下是不合适的。然而，基督教婚礼仪式在战后日本的流行很大程度上要归功于战前和战时日本的国家政策，日本政府采取的宗教政策为后来接受基督教婚礼仪式奠定了基础。

引用次数: 0

The Oppressor’s Dilemma: How Japanese State Policy toward Religion Paved the Way for Christian Weddings 压迫者的困境:日本的国家宗教政策如何为基督教婚礼铺平道路

IF 0.3 0 RELIGION

Journal of Religion in Japan

Pub Date : 2021-03-22 DOI: 1163/22118349-20210001

Jesse R. LeFebvre

For the last thirty-five years, the majority of Japanese wedding ceremonies have involved Christianity, but scholars have struggled with Christianity’s increasingly prominent place within the Japanese religious landscape. The tendency has been to refute the religiosity of Christian weddings and embrace the rhetoric of Japanese essentialism. However, following its prohibition in 1612, the ongoing “eradication” of Christianity defined the very nature of Japanese subjecthood, made Christianity indispensable to the Japanese state, and entrenched ritualized acts of disassociation from the religion within the lives of every individual. Modern arguments, too, continue to assert Christianity’s foreignness, portraying it as the religion of colonialism or contending that “foreign” conceptions of religion are inappropriate within the Japanese context. However, the popularity of Christian wedding ceremonies within the context of postwar Japan owes much to prewar and wartime Japanese state policy where the Japanese government adopted policies toward religion that helped set the stage for the later acceptance of the Christian marriage rite.

在过去的35年里，大多数日本婚礼都涉及基督教，但学者们对基督教在日本宗教景观中日益突出的地位感到困惑。目前的趋势是反驳基督教婚礼的宗教性，接受日本本质主义的修辞。然而，在1612年禁止基督教之后，对基督教的持续“根除”定义了日本主体性的本质，使基督教成为日本国家不可或缺的一部分，并在每个人的生活中确立了与宗教分离的仪式化行为。现代的争论也继续主张基督教的异域性，将其描绘成殖民主义的宗教，或者争辩说“外来”的宗教观念在日本的背景下是不合适的。然而，基督教婚礼仪式在战后日本的流行很大程度上要归功于战前和战时日本的国家政策，日本政府采取的宗教政策为后来接受基督教婚礼仪式奠定了基础。

引用次数: 0

Religious Institutions in Japan Responding to Covid-19-Induced Risk and Uncertainty 日本宗教机构应对covid -19引发的风险和不确定性

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Journal of Religion in Japan

Pub Date : 2020-11-12 DOI: 10.1163/22118349-20200006

Paola Cavaliere

This paper discusses adaptations and alternatives that religious institutions in Japan have formulated to help communities develop the capacity to cope with the crisis and perceived risk generated by Covid-19. Qualitative data and observations of online information were collected between February and June 2020. Guided by a crisis approach, the study explores inward and outward responses that some Japanese religious institutions and their members have enacted. The investigation uses Douglas’ (1994) interpretative model of risk and explores those “thought-styles” that religious institutions have engendered that are conducive to cohesion and stability. Findings show that established and new religions alike swiftly responded to Covid-19-induced safety measures by embracing digital technology to continue their core function as cohesion-providers for their social and spiritual communities. The analysis shows that adjustments toward disembodied religious practices might hold potential to continue beyond current Covid-19-related social restrictions.

本文讨论了日本宗教机构制定的适应措施和替代方案，以帮助社区发展应对新冠肺炎危机和感知风险的能力。在线信息的定性数据和观察结果是在2020年2月至6月期间收集的。该研究以危机方法为指导，探讨了一些日本宗教机构及其成员制定的内外应对措施。该调查使用了Douglas（1994）的风险解释模型，并探讨了宗教机构产生的有助于凝聚力和稳定性的“思维风格”。调查结果显示，既有宗教和新宗教都迅速应对新冠肺炎引发的安全措施，采用数字技术，继续发挥其作为社会和精神社区凝聚力提供者的核心功能。分析表明，对无实体宗教习俗的调整可能会继续下去，超越当前与新冠肺炎相关的社会限制。

引用次数: 9

Gendai Shugendō no shūkyō shakaigaku: Sangaku shinkō no seichi Yoshino Kumano no kankōka to bunka shigenka 現代修験道の宗教社会学—山岳信仰の聖地「吉野・熊野」の観光化と文化資源化 (The religious social study of contemporary Shugendō: Tourist development and cultural consumption of mountain worship at the sacred sites of Yoshino and Kumano), by Amada Akinori 天田顕徳 Gendai Shugendō no shūkyō gaku:Sangaku shinkō no seichi Yoshino Kumano no kankōka to bunka shigenka现代修验道的宗教社会学—山岳信仰圣地“吉野熊野”的观光化与文化资源化(The religious social study of contemporary Shugendō:Tourist development and cultural consumption of mountain worship at the sacred sites of Yoshino andKumano)， by Amada Akinori天田显德

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Journal of Religion in Japan

Pub Date : 2020-11-12 DOI: 10.1163/22118349-20200007

Caleb Carter

引用次数: 0

Displaying Mythological Characters 展示神话人物

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Journal of Religion in Japan

Pub Date : 2020-09-22 DOI: 10.1163/22118349-00901003

S. Tsukahara, J. Pultz

The large figures displayed atop the floats in the Sawara Grand Festival portray characters drawn from mythology and history that have been strongly associated with Japanese nationalism and imperialism. In order to investigate the meanings that these float figures hold for the participants and audience of the festival, this article acknowledges the close relations between folklore and politics and interprets the works themselves as agents that enact emotions and responses, rather than focusing on the creative intentions of the producers. The figure subjects were freely chosen by the people of Sawara, mostly during the prewar period, and were based on characters that were popular at the time—namely, the emperors and their mythological ancestors and historical champions. In the present, however, the figures are rarely seen in light of their nationalistic origins. Instead, they are appreciated more for their aesthetic beauty and as mascots of the various wards of Sawara.

在泽原大祭上，花车上展示的大型人物描绘的是与日本民族主义和帝国主义密切相关的神话和历史人物。为了探究这些漂浮的人物对节日参与者和观众的意义，本文承认民间传说与政治之间的密切关系，并将作品本身解释为制定情感和反应的代理人，而不是关注生产者的创作意图。人物主题是由泽原人民自由选择的，主要是在战前时期，并且是基于当时流行的人物-即皇帝及其神话中的祖先和历史上的冠军。然而，在目前，这些数字很少被看作是民族主义的起源。相反，人们更欣赏它们的美感和作为泽原各个地区的吉祥物。

引用次数: 0

Sannō Matsuri SannōMatsuni

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Journal of Religion in Japan

Pub Date : 2020-09-22 DOI: 10.1163/22118349-00901005

J. Breen

This study of the Sannō Festival at Hiyoshi Taisha in Shiga Prefecture starts from the premise that all festivals reproduce and reinvent themselves over time, obfuscating their origins, typically claiming specious roots in the ancient or mythical past. Firstly, I analyze the Sannō Festival as performed today, drawing on my own festival fieldwork. I then adopt a historical approach, deploying historical sources to recreate the festival in its premodern guise. Finally, I use an array of primary sources to analyze the contested process of making the modern festival. Throughout, I keep within my purview multiple moving parts: the seven kami and the seven shrines that make up the Hiyoshi Taisha complex; the priests and monks who have venerated them, shaping and reshaping the Sannō Festival; and the common people, too, whose participation is key to the modern festival’s vibrancy and success.

这项对滋贺县日吉太沙的三朔节的研究的前提是，所有的节日都会随着时间的推移而复制和重塑自己，混淆了它们的起源，通常声称它们有似是而非的古代或神话般的过去。首先，我根据我自己的节日实地调查，分析了今天所表演的散神节。然后，我采用历史的方法，利用历史资料，以前现代的形式重现这个节日。最后，我利用一系列第一手资料来分析制作现代节日的争议过程。在整个过程中，我一直在我的范围内保持着多个活动的部分:七神和七座神社组成了吉太社;崇拜他们的牧师和僧侣，塑造和重塑了三神节;老百姓也一样，他们的参与是现代节日的活力和成功的关键。

引用次数: 1

Demographic Change in Contemporary Rural Japan and Its Impact on Ritual Practices 当代日本农村人口变化及其对仪式习俗的影响

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Journal of Religion in Japan

Pub Date : 2020-09-22 DOI: 10.1163/22118349-00901008

S. Klien

Contemporary rural Japan is characterized by depopulation, reflected by the large number of aging residents, abandoned houses and shops (akiya 空家) and an increased number of “hamlets at the margin” (Ono 2005), i.e. hamlets with more than 50 % of residents over 65 years old. As a result, many ritual festivities including matsuri 祭 (festivals) of various kinds face challenges in securing practitioners. This study explores the impact of demographic change on selected ritual practices in Niigata Prefecture, drawing on extensive ethnographic fieldwork conducted in 2007–2009 and 2018. With a focus on the changes that traditional Buddhist dances and Shintō shamanic performing arts known as kagura have undergone as a result of demographic decline and lifestyle shifts, this paper examines the measures residents are taking to ensure the continuity of ritual practices.

当代日本农村的特点是人口减少，反映在大量老龄化居民、废弃的房屋和商店（秋叶空家) 以及越来越多的“边缘小村庄”（Ono 2005），即超过50个的小村庄 % 65岁以上的居民。因此，包括松日在内的许多仪式庆典祭各种各样的（节日）在确保从业者的安全方面面临挑战。本研究利用2007-2009年和2018年进行的广泛的民族志实地调查，探讨了人口结构变化对新泻县选定仪式实践的影响。本文重点关注传统佛教舞蹈和被称为kagura的Shintō萨满表演艺术由于人口减少和生活方式转变而发生的变化，研究了居民为确保仪式实践的连续性而采取的措施。

引用次数: 2

Kuma Matsuri Kuma Matsuni

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Journal of Religion in Japan

Pub Date : 2020-09-22 DOI: 10.1163/22118349-00901001

Scott R. Schnell

The matagi are traditional hunters in the mountainous beech forests of northeastern Japan. They are distinguishable from recreational hunters in their veneration of the yama no kami, a female spirit or god who dwells in the mountains. This article will focus on their kuma matsuri, a set of rituals associated with bear hunting. It will argue that the rituals reinforce a sense of connectedness and interdependence with the forested mountains, as personified by the yama no kami, and that the bear epitomizes the gifts they bestow. From this perspective, the mountains are central to people’s lives and livelihoods, a recognition that is somewhat at odds with the “mainstream” culture of the lowland plains and urban areas. For their part, the matagi routinely move back and forth across boundaries, both physical and conceptual. They therefore play a vital role as intermediaries between the cultivated human realm and that of untamed nature.

matagi是日本东北部山毛榉林中的传统猎人。他们与休闲猎人的区别在于他们对山神的崇拜，山神是一种居住在山里的女性精神或神。本文将重点介绍他们的熊祭，一套与猎熊有关的仪式。它将辩称，这些仪式加强了与森林山脉的联系和相互依存感，就像yama no kami所代表的那样，而熊是他们所给予的礼物的象征。从这个角度来看，山脉是人们生活和生计的中心，这种认识与低地平原和城市地区的“主流”文化有些不一致。对于他们来说，matagi经常在物理和概念上的边界之间来回移动。因此，它们在文明的人类领域和野性的自然领域之间扮演着至关重要的中介角色。

引用次数: 0

Fire, Prayer, and Purification 火、祈祷和净化

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Journal of Religion in Japan

Pub Date : 2020-09-22 DOI: 10.1163/22118349-00901010

Toru Yagi

Kyoto is home to a number of unique year-end festivals. This article focuses on traditions that occur during Shimotsuki and Shiwasu (the eleventh and twelfth months of the old Japanese lunisolar calendar), including the fire festivals of O-hitaki, Niinamesai, and Daikondaki; events that celebrate visiting deities, such as Daishikō; and purification rites of Shintō, Buddhist, and folk tradition, such as Kakure nenbutsu, Butsumyōe, and Sekizoro. Analysis and comparison of these rituals reveals a common motivation for their origin. As the power of the sun wanes with the winter solstice, the people of Kyoto in the past felt a need to reflect on the previous year, cleanse themselves of accumulated sin and misfortune, and pray that the coming year would bring peace, fortune, and a fertile harvest.

京都有许多独特的年终祭。这篇文章的重点是发生在下月和下月(旧日本阴阳历的第11个月和第12个月)的传统，包括O-hitaki, Niinamesai和Daikondaki的火节;庆祝拜访神灵的活动，如大石神;以及信教、佛教和民间传统的净化仪式，如Kakure nenbutsu、Butsumyōe和Sekizoro。对这些仪式的分析和比较揭示了它们起源的共同动机。随着冬至太阳的力量减弱，过去的京都人觉得有必要反思过去的一年，净化自己积累的罪恶和不幸，并祈祷新的一年能带来和平、财富和丰收。

引用次数: 0