Drawing on Michel de Certeau’s conceptualisation of the city space in The Practice of Everyday Life, in conversation with AbdouMaliq Simone’s approach to the African city, this article explores the problem of belonging in Ufrieda Ho’s Paper Sons and Daughters: Growing Up Chinese in South Africa (2011). The text’s navigation of the manifold ascribed and asserted identities of the autobiographical self is made prominent through Ho’s tracing of the traversals of both her father and herself across Johannesburg. In particular, the illegal gambling game of fahfee and its operation become emblematic of the imbrication of Chinese immigrants within the urban space, positioning the figures in the text within the broader historical and literary archive of Johannesburg and thereby asserting a rootedness within the (post-)apartheid city. It highlights the complexity of the relationship between the self and the (post-)apartheid city and the formulations of belonging that arise as a result. Keywords: Ufrieda Ho, Paper Sons and Daughters, East Asian South African literature
本文借鉴Michel de Certeau在《日常生活的实践》中对城市空间的概念化，并与AbdouMaliq Simone对非洲城市的态度进行对话，探讨了Ufrieda Ho的《Paper Sons and Daughters：在南非长大的中国人》（2011）中的归属问题。通过何追踪她父亲和她自己在约翰内斯堡的旅行，文本对自传体自我的多重身份的导航变得突出。特别是，法赫菲的非法赌博游戏及其运作象征着中国移民在城市空间中的重叠，将文本中的人物定位在约翰内斯堡更广泛的历史和文学档案中，从而在（后）种族隔离城市中确立了根据。它强调了自我与（后）种族隔离城市之间关系的复杂性，以及由此产生的归属感。关键词：何，纸儿女，东亚南非文学
{"title":"Chinese South African Navigations of the (Post-)Apartheid City in Ufrieda Ho’s Paper Sons and Daughters","authors":"Daniel E. Neville","doi":"10.4314/eia.v48i2.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/eia.v48i2.4","url":null,"abstract":"Drawing on Michel de Certeau’s conceptualisation of the city space in The Practice of Everyday Life, in conversation with AbdouMaliq Simone’s approach to the African city, this article explores the problem of belonging in Ufrieda Ho’s Paper Sons and Daughters: Growing Up Chinese in South Africa (2011). The text’s navigation of the manifold ascribed and asserted identities of the autobiographical self is made prominent through Ho’s tracing of the traversals of both her father and herself across Johannesburg. In particular, the illegal gambling game of fahfee and its operation become emblematic of the imbrication of Chinese immigrants within the urban space, positioning the figures in the text within the broader historical and literary archive of Johannesburg and thereby asserting a rootedness within the (post-)apartheid city. It highlights the complexity of the relationship between the self and the (post-)apartheid city and the formulations of belonging that arise as a result. \u0000Keywords: Ufrieda Ho, Paper Sons and Daughters, East Asian South African literature","PeriodicalId":41428,"journal":{"name":"ENGLISH IN AFRICA","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45714431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this article I argue that Olive Schreiner’s novel From Man to Man or Perhaps Only– (1926) explores the female subject’s relationship to sexuality in late nineteenth-century colonial South Africa in spatial terms. Reading the novel through Sara Ahmed’s (2006) idea of “queer phenomenology” and the concepts of “bodily horizon,” “extension,” and “orientation,” I claim that it is in the interaction of body and space that the potential lies for both oppression and resistance in relation to sexual and racial norms in the novel. The analysis focuses on how the main characters, Rebekah and Bertie, respond to restrictive sociosexual norms through their orientation in space. The article further considers how Rebekah and Bertie attempt to manage their troubled relation to colonial domesticity, and ultimately transform it, through their relationships with the servants Dorcas and Clartje and with Rebekah's adopted daughter Sartje; the former of which are ultimately imbued with notions of sexualised invasion. This article reveals how the spatial and embodied practices of the main characters are essential in negotiating their sexual positions in late nineteenth-century South African society.
{"title":"Making Space for Women’s Sexual Selves in Olive Schreiner’s From Man to Man","authors":"Sanja Nivesjö","doi":"10.4314/eia.v48i1.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/eia.v48i1.6","url":null,"abstract":"In this article I argue that Olive Schreiner’s novel From Man to Man or Perhaps Only– (1926) explores the female subject’s relationship to sexuality in late nineteenth-century colonial South Africa in spatial terms. Reading the novel through Sara Ahmed’s (2006) idea of “queer phenomenology” and the concepts of “bodily horizon,” “extension,” and “orientation,” I claim that it is in the interaction of body and space that the potential lies for both oppression and resistance in relation to sexual and racial norms in the novel. The analysis focuses on how the main characters, Rebekah and Bertie, respond to restrictive sociosexual norms through their orientation in space. The article further considers how Rebekah and Bertie attempt to manage their troubled relation to colonial domesticity, and ultimately transform it, through their relationships with the servants Dorcas and Clartje and with Rebekah's adopted daughter Sartje; the former of which are ultimately imbued with notions of sexualised invasion. This article reveals how the spatial and embodied practices of the main characters are essential in negotiating their sexual positions in late nineteenth-century South African society.","PeriodicalId":41428,"journal":{"name":"ENGLISH IN AFRICA","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45213072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Olive Schreiner’s short fiction, published in Dreams (1890), Dream Life and Real Life (1893) and Stories, Dreams and Allegories (published posthumously in 1923), were very popular on their publication and were praised for their aestheticism and political thought. This paper attempts to explore why these stories and allegories have not been taken up as much as Schreiner’s other work in the present day by reading them in the context of various perspectives on allegory.
{"title":"Souls in Civilization – Why Do We Struggle to Read Olive Schreiner’s Short Fiction and Allegories?","authors":"M. Beyers","doi":"10.4314/eia.v48i1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/eia.v48i1.2","url":null,"abstract":"Olive Schreiner’s short fiction, published in Dreams (1890), Dream Life and Real Life (1893) and Stories, Dreams and Allegories (published posthumously in 1923), were very popular on their publication and were praised for their aestheticism and political thought. This paper attempts to explore why these stories and allegories have not been taken up as much as Schreiner’s other work in the present day by reading them in the context of various perspectives on allegory.","PeriodicalId":41428,"journal":{"name":"ENGLISH IN AFRICA","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43852340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In 1955 a group of Olive Schreiner’s former friends and admirers of her work founded a scholarship for South African women: in accordance with her ideals of education for women and equality of opportunity for all peoples, the scholarship was open to South African woman, irrespective of race, colour or creed, who wished to study at a university in South Africa. The scholarship was administered by a committee of trustees until 1985, when it was handed over to the University of Cape Town. This essay traces the story of the Olive Schreiner Scholarship. The founding of the scholarship is set against the background of Schreiner’s ideas on the importance of education for all women, as expressed in her polemical writing and her letters. Using as a primary source the minutes of committee meetings, the essay goes on to show how Schreiner’s ideals were carried forward in the aims of the founders and trustees and in their practical management of the Olive Schreiner Scholarship from 1955 to 1985, a time of institutionalised inequality in educational opportunities for South Africans of different communities. The legacy of the scholarship is illustrated using extracts from the responses of five former scholarship holders to a questionnaire submitted to them in 2020.
{"title":"From Words to Deeds: the Story of the Olive Schreiner Scholarship","authors":"M. Bock","doi":"10.4314/eia.v48i1.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/eia.v48i1.7","url":null,"abstract":"In 1955 a group of Olive Schreiner’s former friends and admirers of her work founded a scholarship for South African women: in accordance with her ideals of education for women and equality of opportunity for all peoples, the scholarship was open to South African woman, irrespective of race, colour or creed, who wished to study at a university in South Africa. The scholarship was administered by a committee of trustees until 1985, when it was handed over to the University of Cape Town. This essay traces the story of the Olive Schreiner Scholarship. The founding of the scholarship is set against the background of Schreiner’s ideas on the importance of education for all women, as expressed in her polemical writing and her letters. Using as a primary source the minutes of committee meetings, the essay goes on to show how Schreiner’s ideals were carried forward in the aims of the founders and trustees and in their practical management of the Olive Schreiner Scholarship from 1955 to 1985, a time of institutionalised inequality in educational opportunities for South Africans of different communities. The legacy of the scholarship is illustrated using extracts from the responses of five former scholarship holders to a questionnaire submitted to them in 2020.","PeriodicalId":41428,"journal":{"name":"ENGLISH IN AFRICA","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44284706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Olive Schreiner’s novella Trooper Peter Halket of Mashonaland (1897) has been variously considered to be a political pamphlet, an allegory or at the very least a piece of moralising Victorian realism. Certainly at its centre there is the powerful proclamatory voice of the Christ figure, ventriloquized by both the Cape preacher and later Peter Halket himself. As most critics have acknowledged – from its early reviewer in the New York Tribune in 1897 to most recently Rajendra Chetty and Matthew Curr in 2016 – the figure of Christ expounds an ethic or ideology associated with the author herself. However, these critical approaches tend to ignore the conflicting ideas and ideological outlooks held in some of the other voices in the text. In this article, I consider whether these opposing voices are illustrations of Mikhail Bakhtin’s ontology of the dialogic novel with its centripetal and centrifugal ideological forces. If in fact these voices can be considered to be dialogical, then the sublation of the voice of the author/Christ cannot be complete and the novella’s allegorical nature can at the very least be questioned.
奥利弗·施赖纳（Olive Schreiner）的中篇小说《马绍纳兰的士兵彼得·哈尔基特》（Trooper Peter Halket of Mashonaland，1897）被认为是一本政治小册子、一个寓言，或者至少是一部道德化的维多利亚现实主义作品。当然，它的中心是基督形象强有力的宣告声，由开普传教士和后来的彼得·哈尔基特本人用腹语表演。正如大多数评论家所承认的那样——从1897年《纽约论坛报》的早期评论家到2016年的拉金德拉·切蒂和马修·科尔——基督的形象阐述了与作者本人相关的伦理或意识形态。然而，这些批评方法往往忽视了文本中其他一些声音所持有的相互矛盾的思想和意识形态观点。在这篇文章中，我考虑这些反对的声音是否是米哈伊尔·巴赫金对话小说本体论的例证，其意识形态力量具有向心性和离心性。如果事实上这些声音可以被认为是对话性的，那么对作者/基督声音的扬弃就不可能完成，中篇小说的寓言性质至少可以受到质疑。
{"title":"Bakhtin and Trooper Peter Halket of Mashonaland: Beyond Allegory and Realism","authors":"Matthew Blackman","doi":"10.4314/eia.v48i1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/eia.v48i1.3","url":null,"abstract":"Olive Schreiner’s novella Trooper Peter Halket of Mashonaland (1897) has been variously considered to be a political pamphlet, an allegory or at the very least a piece of moralising Victorian realism. Certainly at its centre there is the powerful proclamatory voice of the Christ figure, ventriloquized by both the Cape preacher and later Peter Halket himself. As most critics have acknowledged – from its early reviewer in the New York Tribune in 1897 to most recently Rajendra Chetty and Matthew Curr in 2016 – the figure of Christ expounds an ethic or ideology associated with the author herself. However, these critical approaches tend to ignore the conflicting ideas and ideological outlooks held in some of the other voices in the text. In this article, I consider whether these opposing voices are illustrations of Mikhail Bakhtin’s ontology of the dialogic novel with its centripetal and centrifugal ideological forces. If in fact these voices can be considered to be dialogical, then the sublation of the voice of the author/Christ cannot be complete and the novella’s allegorical nature can at the very least be questioned.","PeriodicalId":41428,"journal":{"name":"ENGLISH IN AFRICA","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45978487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article analyzes moments of queer hospitality in two novels by Olive Schreiner to argue for new ways of understanding her complex views of race and gender. I focus on Otto Farber’s missionary ethics, in contrast to a competing model of imperialist domination, to show the beginnings of queer hospitality in African Farm. Otto’s disruptive Christian morality frames two of the few instances of African resistance in this early novel. While the unfinished later novel, From Man to Man, seems at first glance to embrace two classic Victorian domestic plots, those of marriage and of the fallen woman, I argue that Rebekah’s Cape Town home functions as a queer space that allows a radical rewriting of those plots. Her adopted mixed-race daughter, Sartje, and Bertie’s rebellious African maid, Griet, embody as-yet unfulfilled potential for women of colour in the novel. Rebekah’s redefinition of her own marriage and Bertie’s fall into prostitution create new spaces for women’s lives and allow us to imagine profoundly altered understandings of sympathy, maternity, and community. Drawing on Sara Ahmed’s call for a new communicative ethics in our globalized moment, I highlight moments of resistance and possibility in both novels to demonstrate both the political limitations and ethical potential of Schreiner’s South African vision.
{"title":"Queer Hospitality and African Resistance in the Novels of Olive Schreiner","authors":"R. Hollander","doi":"10.4314/eia.v48i1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/eia.v48i1.5","url":null,"abstract":"This article analyzes moments of queer hospitality in two novels by Olive Schreiner to argue for new ways of understanding her complex views of race and gender. I focus on Otto Farber’s missionary ethics, in contrast to a competing model of imperialist domination, to show the beginnings of queer hospitality in African Farm. Otto’s disruptive Christian morality frames two of the few instances of African resistance in this early novel. While the unfinished later novel, From Man to Man, seems at first glance to embrace two classic Victorian domestic plots, those of marriage and of the fallen woman, I argue that Rebekah’s Cape Town home functions as a queer space that allows a radical rewriting of those plots. Her adopted mixed-race daughter, Sartje, and Bertie’s rebellious African maid, Griet, embody as-yet unfulfilled potential for women of colour in the novel. Rebekah’s redefinition of her own marriage and Bertie’s fall into prostitution create new spaces for women’s lives and allow us to imagine profoundly altered understandings of sympathy, maternity, and community. Drawing on Sara Ahmed’s call for a new communicative ethics in our globalized moment, I highlight moments of resistance and possibility in both novels to demonstrate both the political limitations and ethical potential of Schreiner’s South African vision.","PeriodicalId":41428,"journal":{"name":"ENGLISH IN AFRICA","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49042800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Tribute- Stephen Gray (1941–2020): Controversial Man of Letters","authors":"C. Mackenzie","doi":"10.4314/eia.v48i1.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/eia.v48i1.8","url":null,"abstract":"No Abstract.","PeriodicalId":41428,"journal":{"name":"ENGLISH IN AFRICA","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48596644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article proposes a reading of the ocean in Olive Schreiner’s life, her letters and her works. Schreiner’s representation of the South African landscape has been much celebrated in literary scholarship, yet the oceanic settings in her novels have been ignored to date. This article explores the representation of the sea in three parts: I draw on Schreiner’s biographies to consider both her geographic movements and her reading practices as models for her scenes of the sea. Secondly, I turn to the letters she wrote after her crossing to England and read for mentions of the ocean and the sea and the language Schreiner uses to represent them. Lastly, using an oceanic lens, I read and compare The Story of an African Farm and From Man to Man.
{"title":"Olive Schreiner’s Oceanic Imaginary and the Question of Deep History","authors":"M. Geustyn","doi":"10.4314/eia.v48i1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/eia.v48i1.4","url":null,"abstract":"This article proposes a reading of the ocean in Olive Schreiner’s life, her letters and her works. Schreiner’s representation of the South African landscape has been much celebrated in literary scholarship, yet the oceanic settings in her novels have been ignored to date. This article explores the representation of the sea in three parts: I draw on Schreiner’s biographies to consider both her geographic movements and her reading practices as models for her scenes of the sea. Secondly, I turn to the letters she wrote after her crossing to England and read for mentions of the ocean and the sea and the language Schreiner uses to represent them. Lastly, using an oceanic lens, I read and compare The Story of an African Farm and From Man to Man.","PeriodicalId":41428,"journal":{"name":"ENGLISH IN AFRICA","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42867412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Extrajudicial executions and other forms of police violence in Kenya have always been an issue of significant concern in local and international media and human rights organisations. Reflective of this, scholarly interest in crime fiction in Kenya has grown significantly in recent years. However, the gendered implications of criminality – from sex work to errant motherhood to alternative modes of investigation – are still largely overlooked in postcolonial literary fiction and criticism. As part of a larger study on how women writers and characters shape crime fiction in Kenya, this paper critically engages with stories that the criminalised woman knows, tells, forgets, incarnates, discards or hides about the city. It does so by examining the history of urban sex workers in Kenya, the representation of ‘urban women’ in postcolonial Kenyan novels and contemporary mainstream media, and the various (post) colonial laws that criminalise sex work. Through Justina, an elusive character in Yvonne Adhiambo Owuor’s Dust, I consider how (post)colonial legislative frameworks and social life attempt to manage “impossible domesticity” (Saidiya Hartman) inside and against the geo-history of gendered and classed criminality in urban Kenyan spaces. My purpose is to interrogate hegemonic constructions of the citizen – and by extension, of the human – in Kenyan law and public morality Keywords: crime fiction, feminism, sex work, human, homo narrans
{"title":"Fragments Towards an Impossible (Domestic) Genre of the Human in Kenyan Crime Fiction","authors":"Wairimũ Mũrĩithi","doi":"10.4314/EIA.V47I3.6S","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/EIA.V47I3.6S","url":null,"abstract":"Extrajudicial executions and other forms of police violence in Kenya have always been an issue of significant concern in local and international media and human rights organisations. Reflective of this, scholarly interest in crime fiction in Kenya has grown significantly in recent years. However, the gendered implications of criminality – from sex work to errant motherhood to alternative modes of investigation – are still largely overlooked in postcolonial literary fiction and criticism. As part of a larger study on how women writers and characters shape crime fiction in Kenya, this paper critically engages with stories that the criminalised woman knows, tells, forgets, incarnates, discards or hides about the city. It does so by examining the history of urban sex workers in Kenya, the representation of ‘urban women’ in postcolonial Kenyan novels and contemporary mainstream media, and the various (post) colonial laws that criminalise sex work. Through Justina, an elusive character in Yvonne Adhiambo Owuor’s Dust, I consider how (post)colonial legislative frameworks and social life attempt to manage “impossible domesticity” (Saidiya Hartman) inside and against the geo-history of gendered and classed criminality in urban Kenyan spaces. My purpose is to interrogate hegemonic constructions of the citizen – and by extension, of the human – in Kenyan law and public morality \u0000Keywords: crime fiction, feminism, sex work, human, homo narrans","PeriodicalId":41428,"journal":{"name":"ENGLISH IN AFRICA","volume":"47 1","pages":"99-119"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44209672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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