Pub Date : 2021-07-03DOI: 10.1080/1547402X.2021.1990536
Patrick Fuliang Shan
{"title":"The Communist Judicial System in China, 1927–1976: Building on Fear","authors":"Patrick Fuliang Shan","doi":"10.1080/1547402X.2021.1990536","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1547402X.2021.1990536","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41429,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Historical Review","volume":"28 1","pages":"200 - 202"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45144696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-03DOI: 10.1080/1547402X.2021.1990530
Travis Chambers
After Japan pragmatized militarism and formed a modernized nation-state in the latter nineteenth century, it extended that same methodology to its East Asian neighbor, China, from 1938 to 1945. This is an intellectual history that comparatively analyzes rhetorical, political, and military exchange between Japan and China. Furthermore, it is a reinterpretation of Pan-Asian exchange during World War Two that utilizes a transnational lens. The Japanese nation formed within a military culture, constant civil war, centered around a martial class. Japanese nationalism juxtaposed that of China, which experienced external threats, consisted of various ethnic groups.
{"title":"Japan's Colonialism and Wang Jingwei's Neo-Nationalism, 1938–1945","authors":"Travis Chambers","doi":"10.1080/1547402X.2021.1990530","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1547402X.2021.1990530","url":null,"abstract":"After Japan pragmatized militarism and formed a modernized nation-state in the latter nineteenth century, it extended that same methodology to its East Asian neighbor, China, from 1938 to 1945. This is an intellectual history that comparatively analyzes rhetorical, political, and military exchange between Japan and China. Furthermore, it is a reinterpretation of Pan-Asian exchange during World War Two that utilizes a transnational lens. The Japanese nation formed within a military culture, constant civil war, centered around a martial class. Japanese nationalism juxtaposed that of China, which experienced external threats, consisted of various ethnic groups.","PeriodicalId":41429,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Historical Review","volume":"28 1","pages":"138 - 165"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41724267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-03DOI: 10.1080/1547402x.2021.1990531
Hanchao Lu
Sherman Cochran is Hu Shih Professor Emeritus of Chinese history at Cornell University, where he has been on its faculty since 1973. He is the founding director of Cornell’s China and Asia-Pacific Studies (CAPS) Program, which is “designed to train future leaders who are equipped to address the inevitable challenges and negotiate the delicate complexities in the various domains of U.S.-China relations” (CAPS statement). In 2010, the CAPS Program established the Sherman Cochran Prize in honor of his contribution to the establishment and development of the program. The Sherman Cochran Prize is awarded each year “to the top graduating senior whose performance in the major [best] exemplifies Professor Cochran’s dedication to the study of China.” For his research, Cochran was awarded a fellowship at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars and the Henry Luce Senior Fellowship at the National Humanities Center, among other awards and honors. In his more than half a century of work in the field of modern Chinese history since entering the field in the late 1960s, Cochran has made important contributions to the field and, in particular, distinguished himself as the leading scholar on Chinese business history. His research covers a wide range of industries and commerce in business history, including petroleum, coal, tobacco, textiles, matches, cement, and medicine, as well as the lives of some of the most prominent entrepreneurs in modern China, such as Ye Chengzhong (葉澄衷1840–1899), Huang Chujiu (黄楚九1872–1931), Wu Tingsheng 鄔挺生 (1877–1935), Aw Boon-haw (胡文虎1882–1954), and, most of all, Liu Hongsheng (劉鴻生1888– 1956). One of his books, Chinese Medicine Men: Consumer Culture in China and Southeast Asia, won the 2008 Joseph Levenson Book Prize of the Association for Asian Studies for making “the greatest contribution to increasing understanding of the history, culture, society, politics, or economy of China” since 1900. Cochran excels in using seemingly obscure and somewhat unconventional source materials for research. Under Cochran’s pen, things as trivial as cigarette cards, commercial posters, tin containers, and the like reveal broader meanings linked to the global or transnational nature of life in the modern world. His research often reminds us of the Chinese expression jian wei zhi zhu 見微知著, roughly equivalent to an old English saying, “a straw will show which way the wind blows,” in its positive sense that there are great lessons to learn from little things. The Chinese Historical Review, 28. 2, 166–190, November 2021
{"title":"An Intrepid Pioneer: Sherman Cochran and Chinese Business History","authors":"Hanchao Lu","doi":"10.1080/1547402x.2021.1990531","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1547402x.2021.1990531","url":null,"abstract":"Sherman Cochran is Hu Shih Professor Emeritus of Chinese history at Cornell University, where he has been on its faculty since 1973. He is the founding director of Cornell’s China and Asia-Pacific Studies (CAPS) Program, which is “designed to train future leaders who are equipped to address the inevitable challenges and negotiate the delicate complexities in the various domains of U.S.-China relations” (CAPS statement). In 2010, the CAPS Program established the Sherman Cochran Prize in honor of his contribution to the establishment and development of the program. The Sherman Cochran Prize is awarded each year “to the top graduating senior whose performance in the major [best] exemplifies Professor Cochran’s dedication to the study of China.” For his research, Cochran was awarded a fellowship at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars and the Henry Luce Senior Fellowship at the National Humanities Center, among other awards and honors. In his more than half a century of work in the field of modern Chinese history since entering the field in the late 1960s, Cochran has made important contributions to the field and, in particular, distinguished himself as the leading scholar on Chinese business history. His research covers a wide range of industries and commerce in business history, including petroleum, coal, tobacco, textiles, matches, cement, and medicine, as well as the lives of some of the most prominent entrepreneurs in modern China, such as Ye Chengzhong (葉澄衷1840–1899), Huang Chujiu (黄楚九1872–1931), Wu Tingsheng 鄔挺生 (1877–1935), Aw Boon-haw (胡文虎1882–1954), and, most of all, Liu Hongsheng (劉鴻生1888– 1956). One of his books, Chinese Medicine Men: Consumer Culture in China and Southeast Asia, won the 2008 Joseph Levenson Book Prize of the Association for Asian Studies for making “the greatest contribution to increasing understanding of the history, culture, society, politics, or economy of China” since 1900. Cochran excels in using seemingly obscure and somewhat unconventional source materials for research. Under Cochran’s pen, things as trivial as cigarette cards, commercial posters, tin containers, and the like reveal broader meanings linked to the global or transnational nature of life in the modern world. His research often reminds us of the Chinese expression jian wei zhi zhu 見微知著, roughly equivalent to an old English saying, “a straw will show which way the wind blows,” in its positive sense that there are great lessons to learn from little things. The Chinese Historical Review, 28. 2, 166–190, November 2021","PeriodicalId":41429,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Historical Review","volume":"28 1","pages":"166 - 190"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41823457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-03DOI: 10.1080/1547402X.2021.1990534
G. Yi
{"title":"Circulating the Code: Print Media and Legal Knowledge in Qing China","authors":"G. Yi","doi":"10.1080/1547402X.2021.1990534","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1547402X.2021.1990534","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41429,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Historical Review","volume":"28 1","pages":"195 - 198"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41742994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-03DOI: 10.1080/1547402X.2021.1990540
Guo Wu
{"title":"Gao Village Revisited: The Life of Rural People in Contemporary China","authors":"Guo Wu","doi":"10.1080/1547402X.2021.1990540","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1547402X.2021.1990540","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41429,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Historical Review","volume":"28 1","pages":"209 - 210"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42713891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-03DOI: 10.1080/1547402x.2021.1990537
Catherine Chang
periods: the first two years were chaotic, and then the military takeover of the judicial system lasted between 1968 and 1972, but the last four years witnessed the restoration of the judicial system which was featured by tolerance and moderation. Fang’s meticulous study brings forth his convincing argument that fewer lawsuits occurred during this era, which differs from the previously stereotyped impression. Therefore, “the Cultural Revolution does not stand out as worse than previous periods in the PRC in respect to the judiciaries” (p. 292). A lot of pinyin phrases are inserted, for which a glossary should be provided to help the reader trace the original characters. In some footnotes, Chinese characters are offered, but for other footnotes no such renderings can be found. One historical figure, a king of the Zhou Dynasty, was rendered differently as Liwang (p. 16) and the King of Zhouli (p. 305). Although either could be an appropriate translation, one of them should be used consistently to avoid confusion. One common error concerning the collapse of the Qing Empire is that scholars habitually view 1911 as the date, as it is used here (p. 44). The revolution occurred in 1911, but the last Qing emperor abdicated in 1912, which should be the date to mark the end of the empire. Fang should be congratulated for his exhaustive research in Chinese archives, his meticulous examination of primary sources, and his efforts in bringing forth new points of view. He has offered his revisionist perspectives and supports them by convincing data. From his analysis, the reader can easily perceive the relationship among the police, procuracy, and courts, all of which are to uphold the party’s rule. As he shows, fear is always a factor in the minds of the communists who care more for the security of their regime than anything else, for which their judicial system swings back and forth to respond the need of new circumstance. The independence of the judicial system, which is a dream of many communists, has not been materialized so far. As an essential apparatus of legal instrumentalism, the judicial system has engendered problems as Fang has unmasked throughout the book. For all these reasons, he should be applauded for his comprehensive treatment of this special regimentation of the communist rule.
{"title":"China’s Good War: How World War II Is Shaping a New Nationalism","authors":"Catherine Chang","doi":"10.1080/1547402x.2021.1990537","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1547402x.2021.1990537","url":null,"abstract":"periods: the first two years were chaotic, and then the military takeover of the judicial system lasted between 1968 and 1972, but the last four years witnessed the restoration of the judicial system which was featured by tolerance and moderation. Fang’s meticulous study brings forth his convincing argument that fewer lawsuits occurred during this era, which differs from the previously stereotyped impression. Therefore, “the Cultural Revolution does not stand out as worse than previous periods in the PRC in respect to the judiciaries” (p. 292). A lot of pinyin phrases are inserted, for which a glossary should be provided to help the reader trace the original characters. In some footnotes, Chinese characters are offered, but for other footnotes no such renderings can be found. One historical figure, a king of the Zhou Dynasty, was rendered differently as Liwang (p. 16) and the King of Zhouli (p. 305). Although either could be an appropriate translation, one of them should be used consistently to avoid confusion. One common error concerning the collapse of the Qing Empire is that scholars habitually view 1911 as the date, as it is used here (p. 44). The revolution occurred in 1911, but the last Qing emperor abdicated in 1912, which should be the date to mark the end of the empire. Fang should be congratulated for his exhaustive research in Chinese archives, his meticulous examination of primary sources, and his efforts in bringing forth new points of view. He has offered his revisionist perspectives and supports them by convincing data. From his analysis, the reader can easily perceive the relationship among the police, procuracy, and courts, all of which are to uphold the party’s rule. As he shows, fear is always a factor in the minds of the communists who care more for the security of their regime than anything else, for which their judicial system swings back and forth to respond the need of new circumstance. The independence of the judicial system, which is a dream of many communists, has not been materialized so far. As an essential apparatus of legal instrumentalism, the judicial system has engendered problems as Fang has unmasked throughout the book. For all these reasons, he should be applauded for his comprehensive treatment of this special regimentation of the communist rule.","PeriodicalId":41429,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Historical Review","volume":"28 1","pages":"202 - 204"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47877830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-03DOI: 10.1080/1547402X.2021.1990539
Mao Lin
“It is extremely good that the counterrevolutionaries of Qinghai are rebelling; this will create an opportunity for the laboring masses to be liberated”, scribbled Mao on a provincial report (56). Class struggle, writes Li, would be “the theoretical underpinning for the ensuing religious persecution of ethnic minorities” (57). Li further presents a fleeting but important post-Cultural Revolution opening of the local archives in Qinghai in the early 1980s as part of an official reassessment of the 1958 suppression. The core business of the book is to put forth a very detailed narrative of spring 1959. Ultimately, one important theme that emerges from the text is that of Tibetan incoherence, rather than universal push toward rebellion or resistance, as well as the CCP reading of this incoherence as a coherent and directed conspiracy (72). As Qiang Zhai noted in his review of Volume 2 of A History of Modern Tibet in this journal in 2009, Goldstein has already established this idea clearly—but, as in the hard sciences, it is useful to see that an experiment conducted essentially autonomously has come up with an independent result. The book also contains regular insights into Ngabo’s perspective and the huge holes or discrepancies present in his official memoir. Figures like Tan Guansan, Ding Sheng, and Ji Youquan get regular analysis, and the author’s interviews with Tibetan participants now in exile in the US and India, including the Dalai Lama, appear to have been quite oriented toward checking against specific documents or incidents, and thus are put to good use. Mao emerges throughout as both mercurial and patient, at times opportunistic, actually eager to bring Tibetan violence to the surface so as to forcefully repress it (165–67). A detailed discussion of the sections of Mao’s 12 March 1959 order which have come to light amid censorship and selective release is quite useful. The book’s tone is bifurcated, mainly enjoyably so. Some of the longer descriptive passages of Tibetan rituals or town scenes dance on the edge of orientalism, but do give the reader a chance to breathe a bit from the intense personalities and debates occurring in the text. A few too many footnotes provide vague references to other chapters rather than page numbers, and the prose can drag in the middle, meaning the book requires dedication of its readers. Ultimately this is a useful supplement to a growing body of work.
{"title":"Exile from the Grasslands: Tibetan Herders and Chinese Development Projects","authors":"Mao Lin","doi":"10.1080/1547402X.2021.1990539","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1547402X.2021.1990539","url":null,"abstract":"“It is extremely good that the counterrevolutionaries of Qinghai are rebelling; this will create an opportunity for the laboring masses to be liberated”, scribbled Mao on a provincial report (56). Class struggle, writes Li, would be “the theoretical underpinning for the ensuing religious persecution of ethnic minorities” (57). Li further presents a fleeting but important post-Cultural Revolution opening of the local archives in Qinghai in the early 1980s as part of an official reassessment of the 1958 suppression. The core business of the book is to put forth a very detailed narrative of spring 1959. Ultimately, one important theme that emerges from the text is that of Tibetan incoherence, rather than universal push toward rebellion or resistance, as well as the CCP reading of this incoherence as a coherent and directed conspiracy (72). As Qiang Zhai noted in his review of Volume 2 of A History of Modern Tibet in this journal in 2009, Goldstein has already established this idea clearly—but, as in the hard sciences, it is useful to see that an experiment conducted essentially autonomously has come up with an independent result. The book also contains regular insights into Ngabo’s perspective and the huge holes or discrepancies present in his official memoir. Figures like Tan Guansan, Ding Sheng, and Ji Youquan get regular analysis, and the author’s interviews with Tibetan participants now in exile in the US and India, including the Dalai Lama, appear to have been quite oriented toward checking against specific documents or incidents, and thus are put to good use. Mao emerges throughout as both mercurial and patient, at times opportunistic, actually eager to bring Tibetan violence to the surface so as to forcefully repress it (165–67). A detailed discussion of the sections of Mao’s 12 March 1959 order which have come to light amid censorship and selective release is quite useful. The book’s tone is bifurcated, mainly enjoyably so. Some of the longer descriptive passages of Tibetan rituals or town scenes dance on the edge of orientalism, but do give the reader a chance to breathe a bit from the intense personalities and debates occurring in the text. A few too many footnotes provide vague references to other chapters rather than page numbers, and the prose can drag in the middle, meaning the book requires dedication of its readers. Ultimately this is a useful supplement to a growing body of work.","PeriodicalId":41429,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Historical Review","volume":"28 1","pages":"206 - 208"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47921993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-03DOI: 10.1080/1547402X.2021.1990533
Q. Wang
{"title":"Feeling the Past in Seventeenth-Century China","authors":"Q. Wang","doi":"10.1080/1547402X.2021.1990533","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1547402X.2021.1990533","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41429,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Historical Review","volume":"28 1","pages":"194 - 195"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46017957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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