Pub Date : 2022-07-03DOI: 10.1080/1547402X.2022.2126072
Jiarui Wu
a wide array of primary sources, such as a host of publications by Beijing YWCA and various archived materials from newspapers, magazines, local chronicles and so on. Moreover, the chapters are well structured. For example, the lasting contribution of Beijing YWCA to the city’s modernization in the epilogue makes the entire study more complete. Zhang also places her argument in context by providing sufficient background information, such as the description of Beijing’s layout and facilities in the early republican era, which can support her defense of the Beijing YWCA’s modernization efforts. However, two points deserve further exploration. One is adding the case analysis of several representative women to explain the influence of the Beijing YWCA. Through the close description of the Beijing YWCA, the author selected a variety of activities, like Better Homes and Baby Welfare, camping trips, to make a thorough analysis. But adding several cases to describe the specific contribution of the Beijing YWCA women vividly would make the argument more convincing. For example, Ding Shujing, the general secretary of the Beijing YWCA, could be used as a case for further elaboration. Another suggestion is to compare the Beijing YWCA with other local branches in depth, like Shanghai YWCA and Canton YWCA. Although Zhang compared the residential composition and activities of the YWCA’s hostels in Nanjing and Shanghai, it seems that there is less discussion about the differences and similarities in other parts, such as the schools and playgrounds for children, recreational activities for women, etc. All in all, Zhang’s work is really inspiring for the study of Chinese YWCA and women in Republican China.
{"title":"Red Silk: Class, Gender, and Revolution in China's Yangzi Delta Silk Industry","authors":"Jiarui Wu","doi":"10.1080/1547402X.2022.2126072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1547402X.2022.2126072","url":null,"abstract":"a wide array of primary sources, such as a host of publications by Beijing YWCA and various archived materials from newspapers, magazines, local chronicles and so on. Moreover, the chapters are well structured. For example, the lasting contribution of Beijing YWCA to the city’s modernization in the epilogue makes the entire study more complete. Zhang also places her argument in context by providing sufficient background information, such as the description of Beijing’s layout and facilities in the early republican era, which can support her defense of the Beijing YWCA’s modernization efforts. However, two points deserve further exploration. One is adding the case analysis of several representative women to explain the influence of the Beijing YWCA. Through the close description of the Beijing YWCA, the author selected a variety of activities, like Better Homes and Baby Welfare, camping trips, to make a thorough analysis. But adding several cases to describe the specific contribution of the Beijing YWCA women vividly would make the argument more convincing. For example, Ding Shujing, the general secretary of the Beijing YWCA, could be used as a case for further elaboration. Another suggestion is to compare the Beijing YWCA with other local branches in depth, like Shanghai YWCA and Canton YWCA. Although Zhang compared the residential composition and activities of the YWCA’s hostels in Nanjing and Shanghai, it seems that there is less discussion about the differences and similarities in other parts, such as the schools and playgrounds for children, recreational activities for women, etc. All in all, Zhang’s work is really inspiring for the study of Chinese YWCA and women in Republican China.","PeriodicalId":41429,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Historical Review","volume":"29 1","pages":"152 - 154"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43974147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-03DOI: 10.1080/1547402X.2022.2126064
Guotong Li
{"title":"Rupture, Evolution, and Continuity: The Shandong Peninsula in East Asian Maritime History during the","authors":"Guotong Li","doi":"10.1080/1547402X.2022.2126064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1547402X.2022.2126064","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41429,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Historical Review","volume":"29 1","pages":"134 - 136"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42005688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-03DOI: 10.1080/1547402X.2022.2126066
Xueqian Zhang
Hydrogen Bombs and Satellites is one of the most classic work in the history of science and technology since the founding of the People’s Republic of China. Overall, we find this book successfully fills the blank of omitted every nation’s traditional value. The authors have a strong resistance to adhering traditional Chinese values such as supported west science with the local technological conditions. However, the undeniable fact is, Even though the majority of what was imparted through the activities of newspaper reading and lecturing was not necessarily the Western scientific knowledge, the common people from the underclass in the late Qing dynasty and early Republic of China were influenced directly or indirectly by the science books translated at the time, which to some degree played a fundamental role in promoting the social development at that time. Despite the fact that this book have a large number of pages, it can be used to inspire the generation positively to take own traditional nation values to live.
{"title":"The Peking Gazette in Late Imperial China: State News and Political Authority","authors":"Xueqian Zhang","doi":"10.1080/1547402X.2022.2126066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1547402X.2022.2126066","url":null,"abstract":"Hydrogen Bombs and Satellites is one of the most classic work in the history of science and technology since the founding of the People’s Republic of China. Overall, we find this book successfully fills the blank of omitted every nation’s traditional value. The authors have a strong resistance to adhering traditional Chinese values such as supported west science with the local technological conditions. However, the undeniable fact is, Even though the majority of what was imparted through the activities of newspaper reading and lecturing was not necessarily the Western scientific knowledge, the common people from the underclass in the late Qing dynasty and early Republic of China were influenced directly or indirectly by the science books translated at the time, which to some degree played a fundamental role in promoting the social development at that time. Despite the fact that this book have a large number of pages, it can be used to inspire the generation positively to take own traditional nation values to live.","PeriodicalId":41429,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Historical Review","volume":"29 1","pages":"138 - 140"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44257341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-03DOI: 10.1080/1547402X.2022.2126065
Ali Akbar, Humaidah Br. Hasibuan
{"title":"Western Influences in the History of Science and Technology in Modern China","authors":"Ali Akbar, Humaidah Br. Hasibuan","doi":"10.1080/1547402X.2022.2126065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1547402X.2022.2126065","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41429,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Historical Review","volume":"29 1","pages":"136 - 138"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47932656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-03DOI: 10.1080/1547402X.2022.2126420
Y. Liu, Yi Sun
During the 1940s, the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) underground branch at the National Southwest Associated University (NSAU or xinan lianda), under the leadership of the party's Southern Bureau and the Yunnan Provincial Work Committee (YPWC), implemented the CCP's alliance-building policies and strategies and successfully gained the sympathy and support of many students and faculty. With the guidance of the “sixteen-character” principle and “three-diligence” stratagem, members of this branch deftly adapted to particular circumstances and set a model for other CCP covert organizations in cultivating a consensus with the “middle force” against the Japanese aggression and subsequently the Chinese Nationalists. With primary sources such as oral interviews, memoirs, and other personal accounts of several major participants in the lianda alliance-building efforts, this article is intended to examine the various tactics and activities of this important underground branch and highlight their significance during a critical decade in modern Chinese history.
{"title":"Building Alliances: The Chinese Communist Party’s Underground Activities at the National Southwest Associated University (Lianda) During the 1940s","authors":"Y. Liu, Yi Sun","doi":"10.1080/1547402X.2022.2126420","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1547402X.2022.2126420","url":null,"abstract":"During the 1940s, the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) underground branch at the National Southwest Associated University (NSAU or xinan lianda), under the leadership of the party's Southern Bureau and the Yunnan Provincial Work Committee (YPWC), implemented the CCP's alliance-building policies and strategies and successfully gained the sympathy and support of many students and faculty. With the guidance of the “sixteen-character” principle and “three-diligence” stratagem, members of this branch deftly adapted to particular circumstances and set a model for other CCP covert organizations in cultivating a consensus with the “middle force” against the Japanese aggression and subsequently the Chinese Nationalists. With primary sources such as oral interviews, memoirs, and other personal accounts of several major participants in the lianda alliance-building efforts, this article is intended to examine the various tactics and activities of this important underground branch and highlight their significance during a critical decade in modern Chinese history.","PeriodicalId":41429,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Historical Review","volume":"29 1","pages":"95 - 114"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43702994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-03DOI: 10.1080/1547402X.2022.2126071
Q. Zhai
Lu Xun by investigating his writings on the Wei-Jin period and portraying him as engaging the tension between the possibility of an idealist escapism and a vigorous materialism. This parallels the presentation of his reconciliation of Chinese history and culture with imported iconoclasm discussed in the first half of the book. Chapter six turns to nihilistic elements in Lu Xun’s work. Despite his frequent bleakness, Lu Xun is for Cui not hopeless, but is energized by his confrontation with what she characterizes as a Daoist nothingness that challenges stable configurations in the world. Again, this echoes the first half’s tensions between the inevitability of death and a bodily will to live. The final chapter outlines a possible theory of community based on Lu Xun’s ontology and encounter with nothingness. Cui argues that these positions enable Lu Xun to theorize a modern, Chinese community that respects the striving of the individual without abandoning the ground of a group identity. This is an exciting project, if at the limits of what Lu Xun’s corpus can support. The fundamental tensions in his work that Cui traces through both the personal and the philosophical are justified and consistent with recent scholarship on Lu Xun, if not at this level of sustained detail. However, the broader attempt to use these tensions to construct a coherent, contemporary philosophy out of the author’s catalogue moves quickly in the second half. This is not to say that it is implausible to see Lu Xun as a philosopher; in fact, this is a refreshing approach that recognizes his extensive reading in Buddhist and Daoist texts. Nevertheless, much is left unsaid in the second half about the technical philosophy (and philology) undergirding many of the concepts deployed. Again, the argument is engaging and compelling, but relies on Cui’s capacious knowledge of several different fields of Chinese and European philosophy to gloss complicated textual lineages. That said, Cui’s mobilization of so much of Lu Xun’s textual support, even if in the abstract, adds to the value of this work. Working through the book and tracing its references is exceptionally rewarding for the scholar of Lu Xun or cross-cultural exchange, both for its insightful close readings and for the scope of the material under discussion. More provocatively, the book is valuable to the scholar of intellectual history through its construction of Lu Xun as a major philosopher on the global scene.
{"title":"Internationalist Aesthetics: China and Early Soviet Culture","authors":"Q. Zhai","doi":"10.1080/1547402X.2022.2126071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1547402X.2022.2126071","url":null,"abstract":"Lu Xun by investigating his writings on the Wei-Jin period and portraying him as engaging the tension between the possibility of an idealist escapism and a vigorous materialism. This parallels the presentation of his reconciliation of Chinese history and culture with imported iconoclasm discussed in the first half of the book. Chapter six turns to nihilistic elements in Lu Xun’s work. Despite his frequent bleakness, Lu Xun is for Cui not hopeless, but is energized by his confrontation with what she characterizes as a Daoist nothingness that challenges stable configurations in the world. Again, this echoes the first half’s tensions between the inevitability of death and a bodily will to live. The final chapter outlines a possible theory of community based on Lu Xun’s ontology and encounter with nothingness. Cui argues that these positions enable Lu Xun to theorize a modern, Chinese community that respects the striving of the individual without abandoning the ground of a group identity. This is an exciting project, if at the limits of what Lu Xun’s corpus can support. The fundamental tensions in his work that Cui traces through both the personal and the philosophical are justified and consistent with recent scholarship on Lu Xun, if not at this level of sustained detail. However, the broader attempt to use these tensions to construct a coherent, contemporary philosophy out of the author’s catalogue moves quickly in the second half. This is not to say that it is implausible to see Lu Xun as a philosopher; in fact, this is a refreshing approach that recognizes his extensive reading in Buddhist and Daoist texts. Nevertheless, much is left unsaid in the second half about the technical philosophy (and philology) undergirding many of the concepts deployed. Again, the argument is engaging and compelling, but relies on Cui’s capacious knowledge of several different fields of Chinese and European philosophy to gloss complicated textual lineages. That said, Cui’s mobilization of so much of Lu Xun’s textual support, even if in the abstract, adds to the value of this work. Working through the book and tracing its references is exceptionally rewarding for the scholar of Lu Xun or cross-cultural exchange, both for its insightful close readings and for the scope of the material under discussion. More provocatively, the book is valuable to the scholar of intellectual history through its construction of Lu Xun as a major philosopher on the global scene.","PeriodicalId":41429,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Historical Review","volume":"29 1","pages":"148 - 150"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46724105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-03DOI: 10.1080/1547402X.2022.2126061
Wang Shuanghuai, J. Fang
Chaiyao, a “mysterious” ceramic ware produced in China’s tumultuous period of Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, was rated higher than the famed “Five Great Wares” of the Song dynasty and was much sought after by porcelain connoisseurs and men of letters during late imperial times. It appears that Chai kiln largely ceased manufacturing and Chai ware was rarely seen after the tenth century. As a result, modern researchers know little about the ware. This paper, by examining the relevant historical sources and available Chai ware samples, argues that Chai ware derived its name from its imperial sponsor the Later Zhou emperor Chai Rong, the Chai kiln was located in Yaozhou, Shaanxi, and the principal features of the ware described by Ming-Qing porcelain aficionados are accurate.
{"title":"Chaiyao: A “Lost” Porcelain Ware from Tenth-Century China","authors":"Wang Shuanghuai, J. Fang","doi":"10.1080/1547402X.2022.2126061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1547402X.2022.2126061","url":null,"abstract":"Chaiyao, a “mysterious” ceramic ware produced in China’s tumultuous period of Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, was rated higher than the famed “Five Great Wares” of the Song dynasty and was much sought after by porcelain connoisseurs and men of letters during late imperial times. It appears that Chai kiln largely ceased manufacturing and Chai ware was rarely seen after the tenth century. As a result, modern researchers know little about the ware. This paper, by examining the relevant historical sources and available Chai ware samples, argues that Chai ware derived its name from its imperial sponsor the Later Zhou emperor Chai Rong, the Chai kiln was located in Yaozhou, Shaanxi, and the principal features of the ware described by Ming-Qing porcelain aficionados are accurate.","PeriodicalId":41429,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Historical Review","volume":"29 1","pages":"115 - 129"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47120170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-03DOI: 10.1080/1547402X.2022.2126074
Xiaojia Hou
respective husbands. For example, while Du Bois received a better reception in China, Shirley Graham Du Bois – Du Bois’s second wife – received much praise leading the state publishing house of the PRC to print her biographies of African American celebrities (36–37). She was buried in in Babaoshan Cemetery for Revolution Heroes in Beijing, indicating her dignified reception in the Communist regime (68). Together with her husband Paul Robeson, Eslanda Goode maintained extensive contacts with Pearl Buck and left-wing Chinese intellectuals, which led to their alliance with the CCP. She also publicly dismissed the allegation that the PRC government was being manipulated by the Soviets in the United States (87). Finally, Chen Weijiang strongly influenced her husband, Liu Liangmo, to pay close attention to modern gender issues and publish articles in leading magazines about contemporary controversies of sex love, marriage, and modern husbandhood (158). In sum, Arise, Africa! Roar, China! unfolds the little-known stories of three famous African American cultural giants in and with China in the twentieth century for Chinese readers. This book weaves its five subjects’ political activism together with transnational politics discourses, acknowledging the ambiguities and conflicts that arose in a transnational context. As Gao highlights, “diaspora are extraordinarily diverse and personal, bound together primarily by shared politics” (6). The transnational travels and reception of her five subjects critically reveal the close interaction between African Americans and modern China. Arise, Africa! Roar, China! will surely stimulate more research on Sino-African diaspora history and the transnationality of modern Chinese history in the future.
各自的丈夫。例如，杜波依斯在中国受到了更好的欢迎，杜波依的第二任妻子Shirley Graham Du Bois受到了很多赞扬，导致中国国家出版社出版了她的非裔美国名人传记（36-37）。她被安葬在北京八宝山革命英雄公墓，这表明她在共产党政权中受到了庄严的接待（68）。埃斯兰达·古德与丈夫保罗·罗伯逊一起，与赛珍珠和中国左翼知识分子保持着广泛的联系，这导致了他们与中国共产党的联盟。她还公开驳斥了有关中国政府被苏联在美国操纵的指控（87）。最后，陈维江强烈影响她的丈夫刘良谟密切关注现代性别问题，并在主流杂志上发表文章，讨论当代关于性爱、婚姻和现代丈夫身份的争议（158）。总之，起来吧，非洲！咆哮，中国！为中国读者展开二十世纪三位著名非裔美国文化巨人在中国以及与中国的鲜为人知的故事。本书将五个主题的政治激进主义与跨国政治话语交织在一起，承认了在跨国背景下产生的歧义和冲突。正如高所强调的，“散居国外的人是非常多样化和个人化的，主要是由共同的政治联系在一起”（6）。她的五个主题的跨国旅行和接待批判性地揭示了非裔美国人与现代中国之间的密切互动。起来吧，非洲！咆哮，中国！必将在未来激发更多关于中非散居史和中国近代史跨国性的研究。
{"title":"The Great Smog of China: A Short Event History of Air Pollution","authors":"Xiaojia Hou","doi":"10.1080/1547402X.2022.2126074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1547402X.2022.2126074","url":null,"abstract":"respective husbands. For example, while Du Bois received a better reception in China, Shirley Graham Du Bois – Du Bois’s second wife – received much praise leading the state publishing house of the PRC to print her biographies of African American celebrities (36–37). She was buried in in Babaoshan Cemetery for Revolution Heroes in Beijing, indicating her dignified reception in the Communist regime (68). Together with her husband Paul Robeson, Eslanda Goode maintained extensive contacts with Pearl Buck and left-wing Chinese intellectuals, which led to their alliance with the CCP. She also publicly dismissed the allegation that the PRC government was being manipulated by the Soviets in the United States (87). Finally, Chen Weijiang strongly influenced her husband, Liu Liangmo, to pay close attention to modern gender issues and publish articles in leading magazines about contemporary controversies of sex love, marriage, and modern husbandhood (158). In sum, Arise, Africa! Roar, China! unfolds the little-known stories of three famous African American cultural giants in and with China in the twentieth century for Chinese readers. This book weaves its five subjects’ political activism together with transnational politics discourses, acknowledging the ambiguities and conflicts that arose in a transnational context. As Gao highlights, “diaspora are extraordinarily diverse and personal, bound together primarily by shared politics” (6). The transnational travels and reception of her five subjects critically reveal the close interaction between African Americans and modern China. Arise, Africa! Roar, China! will surely stimulate more research on Sino-African diaspora history and the transnationality of modern Chinese history in the future.","PeriodicalId":41429,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Historical Review","volume":"29 1","pages":"156 - 158"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42777555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-03DOI: 10.1080/1547402X.2022.2126062
Lifang He, J. Fang
{"title":"Jade Mountains and Cinnabar Pools: The History of Travel Literature in Imperial China","authors":"Lifang He, J. Fang","doi":"10.1080/1547402X.2022.2126062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1547402X.2022.2126062","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41429,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Historical Review","volume":"29 1","pages":"130 - 132"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47984912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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