Abstract This article is a tribute to the life of Professor Lawrence E. Stager, prominent biblical scholar and archaeologist from Harvard University who conducted important excavations and research at the tophet of Carthage. Following this tribute is an unpublished article by the late Professor Stager with a preface to the article by the author.
{"title":"In Memory of Lawrence E. Stager and “Archaeology and History”","authors":"Joseph A. Greene","doi":"10.1515/jah-2023-0018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jah-2023-0018","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article is a tribute to the life of Professor Lawrence E. Stager, prominent biblical scholar and archaeologist from Harvard University who conducted important excavations and research at the tophet of Carthage. Following this tribute is an unpublished article by the late Professor Stager with a preface to the article by the author.","PeriodicalId":41459,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ancient History and Archaeology","volume":"4 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136229679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Patrick Degryse, Grace Dove, Annelore Blomme, Bas Beaujean, Katherine Eremin, Joseph A. Greene
Abstract Amulets found in burial urns of the Carthaginian tophet are discussed in terms of frequency of occurrence, and the nature and chronology of their material composition. Amulets were added in only 31 % of the urns studied, exclusively to urns containing human remains, with glass, faience, gold and silver the most common materials used. Chemical analysis of a selection of glass and silver amulets identified the primary origin of raw materials used in their manufacture. The primary glass used for the tophet amulets has its origin in the Levant and/or Egypt, from at least two different production centers in those regions. This does not exclude the likely existence of local secondary workshops where primary glass was colored and shaped. The silver in the amulets shows a diachronic shift in raw materials usage, from western Mediterranean sources in the eighth and seventh centuries BCE to eastern Mediterranean sources (possibly combined with Iberian sources) in the sixth and fifth centuries. Some objects could be positively linked to sources in Laurion/Kea and Siphnos, while others may have derived from the mixing of ores or the recycling of older materials.
{"title":"The Amulets from the Carthaginian <i>tophet</i>","authors":"Patrick Degryse, Grace Dove, Annelore Blomme, Bas Beaujean, Katherine Eremin, Joseph A. Greene","doi":"10.1515/jah-2023-0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jah-2023-0016","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Amulets found in burial urns of the Carthaginian tophet are discussed in terms of frequency of occurrence, and the nature and chronology of their material composition. Amulets were added in only 31 % of the urns studied, exclusively to urns containing human remains, with glass, faience, gold and silver the most common materials used. Chemical analysis of a selection of glass and silver amulets identified the primary origin of raw materials used in their manufacture. The primary glass used for the tophet amulets has its origin in the Levant and/or Egypt, from at least two different production centers in those regions. This does not exclude the likely existence of local secondary workshops where primary glass was colored and shaped. The silver in the amulets shows a diachronic shift in raw materials usage, from western Mediterranean sources in the eighth and seventh centuries BCE to eastern Mediterranean sources (possibly combined with Iberian sources) in the sixth and fifth centuries. Some objects could be positively linked to sources in Laurion/Kea and Siphnos, while others may have derived from the mixing of ores or the recycling of older materials.","PeriodicalId":41459,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ancient History and Archaeology","volume":"3 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136229506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dennis Braekmans, Brien Garnand, Joseph Greene, Patrick Degryse
Abstract Burial urns and lids found in the Carthage tophet precinct play a pivotal role in our understanding of material trajectories. Significant differences in macroscopic features present problems as to where and how these vessels were made. In general, issues in sourcing north African ceramic materials stem from their compositional homogeneity, having mostly sand and calcareous fractions varying to a greater or lesser degree. In this paper we present the results of a petrographic study of ceramic materials in order to understand the different fabrics present within the tophet assemblage, with the ultimate aim of determining whether or not their production took place in Carthage itself and to trace transformations in local and regional ceramic fabric types.
{"title":"Uniformity in Tophet Ceramics?","authors":"Dennis Braekmans, Brien Garnand, Joseph Greene, Patrick Degryse","doi":"10.1515/jah-2023-0022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jah-2023-0022","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Burial urns and lids found in the Carthage tophet precinct play a pivotal role in our understanding of material trajectories. Significant differences in macroscopic features present problems as to where and how these vessels were made. In general, issues in sourcing north African ceramic materials stem from their compositional homogeneity, having mostly sand and calcareous fractions varying to a greater or lesser degree. In this paper we present the results of a petrographic study of ceramic materials in order to understand the different fabrics present within the tophet assemblage, with the ultimate aim of determining whether or not their production took place in Carthage itself and to trace transformations in local and regional ceramic fabric types.","PeriodicalId":41459,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ancient History and Archaeology","volume":"6 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136226908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The non-human animal remains excavated in the Carthage tophet represent a substantial sample of animal bones from a single site. The urns contain partial or whole sheep or goat (ovicaprids) carcasses in abundant numbers, revealing a consistent offering of ovicaprids, some birds, and in a very few cases, fish. Overwhelmingly, the animals are whole-burnt offerings, sacrificed as an offering to the deity or deities. The consistency of the age of the cremated ovicaprids that were interred in the urns allows for a profile of relating animal remains to ritual behavior that took place at the Carthage tophet .
{"title":"Animals as Offerings: Faunal Remains from the Carthage <i>tophet</i>","authors":"Deirdre N. Fulton, Paula Hesse, Peter Burns","doi":"10.1515/jah-2023-0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jah-2023-0014","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The non-human animal remains excavated in the Carthage tophet represent a substantial sample of animal bones from a single site. The urns contain partial or whole sheep or goat (ovicaprids) carcasses in abundant numbers, revealing a consistent offering of ovicaprids, some birds, and in a very few cases, fish. Overwhelmingly, the animals are whole-burnt offerings, sacrificed as an offering to the deity or deities. The consistency of the age of the cremated ovicaprids that were interred in the urns allows for a profile of relating animal remains to ritual behavior that took place at the Carthage tophet .","PeriodicalId":41459,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ancient History and Archaeology","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136226899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This article takes a fresh look at the identification of the East Roman consul for 460 CE. Although recent scholarship has favored a military candidate over a civil candidate of the same name, the author suggests that there is a better argument for the civil candidate based on an examination of East Roman political and religious issues in the 440 s and 450 s. If so, the choice may also shed new light on Aspar’s political strategy in the late 450 s and early resistance to the advancement of his son, Patricius.
{"title":"Aspar and Apollonius–religion and politics in choosing the eastern consul for 460 CE","authors":"R. Bleeker","doi":"10.1515/jah-2022-0022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jah-2022-0022","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article takes a fresh look at the identification of the East Roman consul for 460 CE. Although recent scholarship has favored a military candidate over a civil candidate of the same name, the author suggests that there is a better argument for the civil candidate based on an examination of East Roman political and religious issues in the 440 s and 450 s. If so, the choice may also shed new light on Aspar’s political strategy in the late 450 s and early resistance to the advancement of his son, Patricius.","PeriodicalId":41459,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ancient History and Archaeology","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86953654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This paper proposes a comparison between Xenophon’s Memorabilia and Greek historiography, with the aim of further illuminating Xenophon’s literary techniques. I pursue this comparison in two parts: in the first part, I deal with the verbs ἤκουσα (“I heard”), ὁρῶ (“I see”), and οἶδα (“I know”) and the expression δοκεῖ μοι (“it seems to me”), examining their uses in Xenophon and his most important historiographical predecessors respectively (Herodotus and Thucydides); in the second part, I turn to the section about Critias and Alcibiades (Mem. 1.2.12–48) and suggest some possible connections with Greek historiography. Throughout my analysis, I highlight both similarities and divergences between Xenophon’s techniques and certain historiographical methods and principles. I suggest that reading the Memorabilia in the light of Greek historiography enables a better evaluation of Xenophon’s literary techniques and that the manifold ways in which Xenophon evokes or differentiates himself from historiographical practices form part of an original apology.
摘要本文将色诺芬的《大事记》与希腊史学进行比较，以期进一步阐明色诺芬的文学技巧。我将分两部分进行比较:第一部分，我将讨论动词 κο ο σα(“我听到”)、ο ρ ο(“我看到”)和ο ο δα(“我知道”)以及δοκε ο μοι(“在我看来”)，分别考察它们在色诺芬和他最重要的史学先驱(希罗多德和修昔底德)中的用法;在第二部分，我转向关于克里提亚和亚西比德的部分(Mem. 1.2.12-48)，并提出与希腊史学的一些可能联系。在我的整个分析中，我强调色诺芬的技术与某些史学方法和原则之间的相似之处和分歧。我认为，从希腊史学的角度来阅读《大事记》，可以更好地评价色诺芬的文学技巧，色诺芬唤起或区别于史学实践的多种方式，构成了原始道歉的一部分。
{"title":"Xenophon’s Memorabilia and Greek historiography. A comparative approach","authors":"Mélina Tamiolaki","doi":"10.1515/jah-2021-0023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jah-2021-0023","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper proposes a comparison between Xenophon’s Memorabilia and Greek historiography, with the aim of further illuminating Xenophon’s literary techniques. I pursue this comparison in two parts: in the first part, I deal with the verbs ἤκουσα (“I heard”), ὁρῶ (“I see”), and οἶδα (“I know”) and the expression δοκεῖ μοι (“it seems to me”), examining their uses in Xenophon and his most important historiographical predecessors respectively (Herodotus and Thucydides); in the second part, I turn to the section about Critias and Alcibiades (Mem. 1.2.12–48) and suggest some possible connections with Greek historiography. Throughout my analysis, I highlight both similarities and divergences between Xenophon’s techniques and certain historiographical methods and principles. I suggest that reading the Memorabilia in the light of Greek historiography enables a better evaluation of Xenophon’s literary techniques and that the manifold ways in which Xenophon evokes or differentiates himself from historiographical practices form part of an original apology.","PeriodicalId":41459,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ancient History and Archaeology","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86064922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"ROMAN COINS – NON-ROMAN OWNER. THE HOARD OF ROMAN IMPERIAL COINS FROM BISTRIŢA – POŞOT FOREST, ROMANIA","authors":"Cristian Găzdac, Radu Zăgreanu","doi":"10.14795/j.v10i2.871","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14795/j.v10i2.871","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41459,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ancient History and Archaeology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44026843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"THE USE OF ANIMAL JAWS IN BRONZE AGE CENTRAL KAZAKHSTAN","authors":"Gulzada Sargizova","doi":"10.14795/j.v10i2.868","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14795/j.v10i2.868","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41459,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ancient History and Archaeology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46658709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"WHO IS THE AUDIENCE, EMPEROR? TARGETING AUDIENCES ON LATE ROMAN AND EARLY BYZANTINE COINS","authors":"Jehan Hillen","doi":"10.14795/j.v10i2.873","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14795/j.v10i2.873","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41459,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ancient History and Archaeology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44417044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"MAPS OF ROMAN DACIA. IV. GRIGORE TOCILESCU AND “LA DACIE ROMAINE” IN 1900","authors":"F. Fodorean","doi":"10.14795/j.v10i2.870","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14795/j.v10i2.870","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41459,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ancient History and Archaeology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44232952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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