{"title":"CULTURAL GENESIS AND ETHNIC PROCESSES IN CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE IN THE 3RD MILLENNIUM BC: YAMNAYA, CORDED WARE, FATYANOVO AND ABASHEVO CULTURES","authors":"S. Grigoriev","doi":"10.14795/j.v9i3.754","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14795/j.v9i3.754","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41459,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ancient History and Archaeology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46107536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A FRAGMENT OF A ROMAN MILITARY DIPLOMA DISCOVERED IN THE VICINITY OF MICOȘLACA (MIKLÓSLAKA, OCNA MUREȘ CITY, ALBA COUNTY)","authors":"M. Ciuta, Florian MATEI-POPESCU","doi":"10.14795/j.v9i3.776","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14795/j.v9i3.776","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41459,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ancient History and Archaeology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48147103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract a re-analysis of Old Babylonian letters (2003–1595 BC) reveals the construction of class identity for men called “gentlemen” (awīlū) through their use of sympathetic expressions positioning correspondents as brothers, friends, colleagues, etc. While this observation is not new, this article makes two further points. First, I argue that class consciousness was created through the policing of failures to enact the social relations expressed in the letters, rather than superficial claims that such relations existed in the first place. This reading requires that we engage seriously with the contingent nature of class identity—that fears and anxieties about falling out of status were more in evidence as the motor for and incentive towards class membership than simple claims of inclusion or group solidarity. Second, I argue that the sympathy enjoined by the letters simulated the affective-spatial cognitive states necessary for group identity. Group problems of geographic and physical distance and even loneliness were solved by the letters’ production of sympathy. Not only does a sincere consideration of the subjective experience of class formation require an understanding of individual and group emotional states, the letters themselves, filled with expressions of pathos and worry, invite it.
{"title":"Old Babylonian Letters and Class Formation: tropes of sympathy and social proximity","authors":"Seth Richardson","doi":"10.1515/jah-2020-0032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jah-2020-0032","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract a re-analysis of Old Babylonian letters (2003–1595 BC) reveals the construction of class identity for men called “gentlemen” (awīlū) through their use of sympathetic expressions positioning correspondents as brothers, friends, colleagues, etc. While this observation is not new, this article makes two further points. First, I argue that class consciousness was created through the policing of failures to enact the social relations expressed in the letters, rather than superficial claims that such relations existed in the first place. This reading requires that we engage seriously with the contingent nature of class identity—that fears and anxieties about falling out of status were more in evidence as the motor for and incentive towards class membership than simple claims of inclusion or group solidarity. Second, I argue that the sympathy enjoined by the letters simulated the affective-spatial cognitive states necessary for group identity. Group problems of geographic and physical distance and even loneliness were solved by the letters’ production of sympathy. Not only does a sincere consideration of the subjective experience of class formation require an understanding of individual and group emotional states, the letters themselves, filled with expressions of pathos and worry, invite it.","PeriodicalId":41459,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ancient History and Archaeology","volume":"1 1","pages":"1 - 34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91260116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This article focuses on the introduction, diffusion and function of coinage in Sybaris and Metapontium, cities considered the first to mint coinage in southern Italy. In this paper, there is an effort to combine a series of numismatic data (coin hoards, fractions, numismatic standard, isolated coins, overstrikes, and number of dies) along with non-numismatic ones (literary sources, other archaeological data, location, fertility of the land) in order to draw broader conclusions on the introduction of coinage and its impact on the societies of these two poleis. The main argument is that coinage was introduced in order for the elite, rich landowners governing the cities to profit from selling their agricultural products. Nevertheless, the demos benefited also from coinage, as the minting of fractions reveals. This group also had a certain (limited) political power in these two cities and their interests (inevitably) were taken into consideration by the ruling elites. The spread of the coinage of these two cities in southern Italy and other areas suggests that ultimately coinage served (mostly), already from the Archaic period, as an important tool for all kinds of (interstate) economic transactions of which trade constituted the greatest part.
{"title":"The Introduction of Coinage in Southern Italy: Sybaris and Metapontium","authors":"A. Morakis","doi":"10.1515/jah-2021-0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jah-2021-0013","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article focuses on the introduction, diffusion and function of coinage in Sybaris and Metapontium, cities considered the first to mint coinage in southern Italy. In this paper, there is an effort to combine a series of numismatic data (coin hoards, fractions, numismatic standard, isolated coins, overstrikes, and number of dies) along with non-numismatic ones (literary sources, other archaeological data, location, fertility of the land) in order to draw broader conclusions on the introduction of coinage and its impact on the societies of these two poleis. The main argument is that coinage was introduced in order for the elite, rich landowners governing the cities to profit from selling their agricultural products. Nevertheless, the demos benefited also from coinage, as the minting of fractions reveals. This group also had a certain (limited) political power in these two cities and their interests (inevitably) were taken into consideration by the ruling elites. The spread of the coinage of these two cities in southern Italy and other areas suggests that ultimately coinage served (mostly), already from the Archaic period, as an important tool for all kinds of (interstate) economic transactions of which trade constituted the greatest part.","PeriodicalId":41459,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ancient History and Archaeology","volume":"191 1","pages":"35 - 67"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83066050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This paper attempts to quantify the development of the key monetary values and changes in monetary trust that occurred during Roman times under ever-increasing prices. To track those developments, the paper introduces a minimal-parameter model that builds on available numismatic data relating to the Roman landmark coinages and on papyrological findings. The modelling produces a series of graphs which clearly signal the occurrence of a later crisis of confidence. It is argued that the monetary measures typically taken by the Roman authorities actually fostered a crisis of confidence, and even made it inevitable.
{"title":"Roman Economic History from Coins and Papyri: Monetary Value, Trust and Crisis","authors":"Philippus de Bree","doi":"10.1515/jah-2021-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jah-2021-0003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper attempts to quantify the development of the key monetary values and changes in monetary trust that occurred during Roman times under ever-increasing prices. To track those developments, the paper introduces a minimal-parameter model that builds on available numismatic data relating to the Roman landmark coinages and on papyrological findings. The modelling produces a series of graphs which clearly signal the occurrence of a later crisis of confidence. It is argued that the monetary measures typically taken by the Roman authorities actually fostered a crisis of confidence, and even made it inevitable.","PeriodicalId":41459,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ancient History and Archaeology","volume":"603 1","pages":"99 - 134"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77406006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract When we compare the genealogical strategies of the Ptolemies, Seleukids, and Hasmoneans, those of the Ptolemies and the Hasmoneans display striking parallels, while the Seleukids followed a different policy. This article explores one facet of the parallels, the combined use of funerary monuments, festivals, and narratives (mythical and historical) to create prestigious dynastic ancestors. We commence with Alexander the Great and Nectanebo II, the last native king to rule before the Persian conquest of Egypt, who became putative ancestors of the Ptolemies by way of Alexander’s Sema in Alexandria, the Ptolemaic ruler cult, and four texts—the Demotic Chronicle, Nectanebo’s Dream and its “sequel”, and the Alexander Romance. The comparison between the Ptolemies and the Hasmoneans focuses on Alexander’s Sema and the Hasmonean funerary monument erected by Simon in Modi’in. Alongside their physical similarities, we show how the Modi’in monument was instrumental in turning the Hasmonean John Hyrkanos into the heir of all the tomb dwellers, particularly Judas Maccabee.
当我们比较托勒密人、塞勒基德人和哈斯莫尼人的家谱策略时，托勒密人和哈斯莫尼人的家谱策略表现出惊人的相似性，而塞勒基德人则遵循不同的策略。本文探讨了相似之处的一个方面，即结合使用丧葬纪念碑、节日和叙事(神话和历史)来创造有声望的王朝祖先。我们从亚历山大大帝和涅克坦涅波二世开始，涅克坦涅波二世是波斯征服埃及之前统治埃及的最后一位本地国王，通过亚历山大在亚历山大的塞玛、托勒密统治者崇拜和四篇文献——《人民纪事》、《涅克坦涅波的梦及其“续作”和《亚历山大传奇》，他被认为是托勒密王朝的祖先。托勒密王朝和哈斯蒙尼王朝之间的比较主要集中在亚历山大的Sema和西蒙在Modi 'in建立的哈斯蒙尼墓葬纪念碑上。除了他们身体上的相似之处，我们还展示了Modi 'in纪念碑是如何将Hasmonean John Hyrkanos变成所有坟墓居民的继承人的，特别是犹大马加比。
{"title":"Dynastic Genealogies and Funerary Monuments: Nectanebo, Alexander, and Judas Maccabee and the Evidence of Ptolemaic Influence on the Hasmoneans","authors":"S. Honigman, G. Gorre","doi":"10.1515/jah-2020-0026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jah-2020-0026","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract When we compare the genealogical strategies of the Ptolemies, Seleukids, and Hasmoneans, those of the Ptolemies and the Hasmoneans display striking parallels, while the Seleukids followed a different policy. This article explores one facet of the parallels, the combined use of funerary monuments, festivals, and narratives (mythical and historical) to create prestigious dynastic ancestors. We commence with Alexander the Great and Nectanebo II, the last native king to rule before the Persian conquest of Egypt, who became putative ancestors of the Ptolemies by way of Alexander’s Sema in Alexandria, the Ptolemaic ruler cult, and four texts—the Demotic Chronicle, Nectanebo’s Dream and its “sequel”, and the Alexander Romance. The comparison between the Ptolemies and the Hasmoneans focuses on Alexander’s Sema and the Hasmonean funerary monument erected by Simon in Modi’in. Alongside their physical similarities, we show how the Modi’in monument was instrumental in turning the Hasmonean John Hyrkanos into the heir of all the tomb dwellers, particularly Judas Maccabee.","PeriodicalId":41459,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ancient History and Archaeology","volume":"213 1","pages":"68 - 98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76584858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Scholars have long debated the nature of the Roman frontier. From linear defense systems designed to hold back barbarian tides to arteries of communication and exchange, rivers have been at the forefront of this discussion. This paper focuses on the Lower Danube frontier and argues that Rome’s most enduring enemy in the Balkans was not a barbarian tribe, but the river itself. The Danube frequently froze in wintertime facilitating the passage of massive raiding parties. Indeed, the most devastating attacks recorded by ancient observers took place during the dead of winter, when the ice on the Danube was hard enough to allow the crossing of large number of horsemen. These attacks set in motion events and long-term processes that forever changed the cultural fabric of the region. Unable to contain the threat, early Roman emperors led campaigns north of the Danube and ultimately conquered Dacia, which allowed them to control both sides of the river. In Late Antiquity, Constantine and Justinian dramatically altered the cultural landscape with their massive programs of fortification designed to finally secure the Balkan provinces. Centuries after the fall of Rome, Byzantine emperors still relied on a combination of brute force, consolidation and diplomacy in order to prevent winter attacks. In the end, all attempts at devising a permanent solution failed and the frozen Danube remained a barbarian ally slowly eroding the empire’s control in the Balkans.
{"title":"Fighting against nature: Romans and Barbarians on the Icy Danube","authors":"Andrei Gândilă","doi":"10.1515/jah-2021-0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jah-2021-0015","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Scholars have long debated the nature of the Roman frontier. From linear defense systems designed to hold back barbarian tides to arteries of communication and exchange, rivers have been at the forefront of this discussion. This paper focuses on the Lower Danube frontier and argues that Rome’s most enduring enemy in the Balkans was not a barbarian tribe, but the river itself. The Danube frequently froze in wintertime facilitating the passage of massive raiding parties. Indeed, the most devastating attacks recorded by ancient observers took place during the dead of winter, when the ice on the Danube was hard enough to allow the crossing of large number of horsemen. These attacks set in motion events and long-term processes that forever changed the cultural fabric of the region. Unable to contain the threat, early Roman emperors led campaigns north of the Danube and ultimately conquered Dacia, which allowed them to control both sides of the river. In Late Antiquity, Constantine and Justinian dramatically altered the cultural landscape with their massive programs of fortification designed to finally secure the Balkan provinces. Centuries after the fall of Rome, Byzantine emperors still relied on a combination of brute force, consolidation and diplomacy in order to prevent winter attacks. In the end, all attempts at devising a permanent solution failed and the frozen Danube remained a barbarian ally slowly eroding the empire’s control in the Balkans.","PeriodicalId":41459,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ancient History and Archaeology","volume":"1 1","pages":"135 - 164"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77098910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"THE ROMAN IMPERIAL HOARD POTAISSA III (ROMAN DACIA) OR... WHEN WE ALL MAKE BOTH PERFORMANCE AND MISTAKES! The peculiar coins","authors":"Cristian Găzdac, Dan Matei","doi":"10.14795/j.v9i1.719","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14795/j.v9i1.719","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41459,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ancient History and Archaeology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44164621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"TERRORISM FUNDING AND ANCIENT ARTIFACTS, PARTNERSHIP FOR PROFIT","authors":"Tiberiu Moldovan","doi":"10.14795/j.v9i1.691","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14795/j.v9i1.691","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41459,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ancient History and Archaeology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45929907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"QUARRYING ACTIVITY IN THE SANCTUARY OF DODONA","authors":"Diego Chapinal-Heras, Panagiotis Kaplanis","doi":"10.14795/j.v9i1.721","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14795/j.v9i1.721","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41459,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ancient History and Archaeology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47596004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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