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Praxis of Resilience & Resistance: “We can STOP Donald Trump” and Other Messages from Immigrant Children 弹性与抵抗的实践:“我们可以阻止唐纳德·特朗普”以及来自移民儿童的其他信息
Pub Date : 2018-12-18 DOI: 10.24974/AMAE.12.3.409
S. R. Vega
In 2018 there have been constant anti-immigrant rhetoric, policies, and enforcement. Most recently, Trump referred to immigrant children as “future criminals” who needed to be kept in prison-like detention centers and “tender age facilities” (Min Kim, 2018). Meanwhile, the 4.5 million children of immigrants already in the US continue to face possibilities of family separation due to this enforcement-focused political system (Suárez-Orozco et al., 2015). The goal of this article is to provide insight into the lives of one of the most vulnerable and fastest growing populations in the U.S.—immigrant children. As a researcher and educator, I developed an art-centered methodological and pedagogical tool that can serve those working with immigrant children and vulnerable populations. Over a two-year period, I used artistic tools such as drawings, storyboards, Teatro Campesino’s actos, and various techniques from Theater of the Oppressed (Boal, 2000) to work with children of immigrants in a sixth-grade class of English Language Learners (ELL) in Los Angeles. Through educational, artistic, and anecdotal components of their work, these children created a world where they could resist and fight Trump and share that victory by utilizing the transformative imaginary of art.
2018年,反移民言论、政策和执法不断出现。最近,特朗普将移民儿童称为“未来的罪犯”,他们需要被关押在类似监狱的拘留中心和“幼龄设施”中(Min Kim, 2018)。与此同时,由于这种以执法为中心的政治体制,已经在美国的450万移民子女继续面临家庭分离的可能性(Suárez-Orozco et al., 2015)。这篇文章的目的是提供对美国移民儿童中最脆弱和增长最快的群体之一的生活的洞察。作为一名研究人员和教育工作者,我开发了一种以艺术为中心的方法和教学工具,可以为那些从事移民儿童和弱势群体工作的人服务。在两年多的时间里,我使用绘画、故事板、坎佩西诺剧院(Teatro Campesino)的演员等艺术工具,以及《被压迫的剧院》(Boal, 2000)中的各种技术,与洛杉矶六年级英语学习者(ELL)班的移民儿童一起工作。通过他们作品中的教育、艺术和轶事成分,这些孩子创造了一个可以抵抗和对抗特朗普的世界,并通过利用艺术的变革想象来分享胜利。
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引用次数: 5
“A Promise to Support Us:” Undocumented Experiences on a Sanctuary Campus “支持我们的承诺:庇护校园的无证经历”
Pub Date : 2018-12-18 DOI: 10.24974/AMAE.12.3.406
Elaine C. Allard, Jonathan Sellman, Brandon Torres, S. Schwarz, F. Bernardino, Rebecca Castillo
This exploratory study examines the experiences of undocumented students at Hawthorne College, an elite, liberal arts institution with sanctuary status. Drawing primarily on a questionnaire and qualitative interviews, it considers 1) whether undocumented and Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) students on a sanctuary campus experience the characteristic psychosocial difficulties that mark the lives of undocumented students elsewhere and 2) the extent to which institutional policies mitigate these challenges. The research reveals that sanctuary is neither a panacea for undocumented students’ concerns nor is it a meaningless symbol. Students are protected from some typical barriers to college success, experience other barriers in classic ways, and face still other constraints quite differently in a privileged, high-pressure educational environment. The study adds to emerging research on the undocumented experience in higher education and offers preliminary insights into the promises and limits of the sanctuary campus movement.
这项探索性研究考察了霍桑学院(Hawthorne College)无证学生的经历,霍桑学院是一所享有庇护地位的精英文科院校。主要通过问卷调查和定性访谈,它考虑了1)庇护校园中的无证和童年入境暂缓遣返(DACA)学生是否经历了其他地方无证学生生活中特有的心理社会困难,以及2)制度政策在多大程度上减轻了这些挑战。研究表明,避难所既不是解决无证学生问题的灵丹妙药,也不是毫无意义的象征。在一个特权的、高压的教育环境中,学生们免受一些典型的大学成功障碍的影响,以传统的方式经历其他障碍,并面临着其他截然不同的限制。这项研究增加了对高等教育中无证经历的新兴研究,并对庇护校园运动的承诺和局限性提供了初步的见解。
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引用次数: 1
Symbolic Sanctuary and Discursive Dissonance: Limitations of Policy and Practice to Support Undocumented Students at Hispanic Serving Institutions 符号庇护所和话语失调:支持西班牙裔服务机构无证学生的政策和实践的局限性
Pub Date : 2018-12-18 DOI: 10.24974/AMAE.12.3.411
Uriel Serrano, A. Vazquez, Raul Meneses Samperio, A. Mattheis
An increase in public expressions of xenophobic and racist nativist sentiments followed the election of the 45th president of the United States, and higher education institutions across the country issued statements proclaiming their support for students impacted by changes to federal immigration policy. Guided by García’s (2017) organizational typology of HSIs and critical policy studies (Diem, Young, Welton, Mansfield & Lee, 2014), we conducted a content analysis of messages distributed via campus-wide email that addressed the vulnerabilities of DACA recipients and other immigrant students at two Hispanic-Serving Institutions in California. Our examination of these messages as policy documents reveals how campus and university-system leaders—even in a so-called “Sanctuary State”—attempt to create a notion of “campus as sanctuary” rather than committing to “sanctuary campus” policies and practices. We conclude with recommendations that push the notion of sanctuary campus beyond symbolic gestures and ask practitioners, scholars, and educators to reflect on the practices that foster true sanctuary environments.
美国第45任总统当选后,仇外情绪和种族主义本土情绪在公开场合有所增加,全国各地的高等教育机构发表声明,宣布支持受联邦移民政策变化影响的学生。在García (2017) hsi组织类型和关键政策研究(Diem, Young, Welton, Mansfield & Lee, 2014)的指导下,我们对通过校园电子邮件分发的信息进行了内容分析,这些邮件解决了加州两家西班牙裔服务机构的DACA接受者和其他移民学生的脆弱性。我们对这些作为政策文件的信息的研究揭示了校园和大学系统的领导者——即使在所谓的“庇护州”——是如何试图创造一种“校园即庇护”的概念,而不是致力于“庇护校园”的政策和实践。最后,我们提出建议,推动庇护校园的概念超越象征性的姿态,并要求从业者、学者和教育工作者反思培育真正的庇护环境的实践。
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引用次数: 4
Do You Want to Tell Your Own Narrative?”: How One Teacher and Her Students Engage in Resistance by Leveraging Community Cultural Wealth 你想讲述自己的故事吗?:一位老师和她的学生如何利用社区文化财富进行抵抗
Pub Date : 2018-12-18 DOI: 10.24974/AMAE.12.3.408
Melinda Martin‐Beltrán, Angélica Montoya‐Ávila, Andrés A. García, Nancy Canales
This qualitative case study offers a window into one classroom in which one Latinx English language arts teacher and her newcomer high school students tapped into community cultural wealth (Yosso, 2005) as they engaged in literacy practices to resist oppression, denounce discrimination, and strive for social justice. We draw upon Yosso’s (2005) framework of community cultural wealth (CCW) to understand how teachers can encourage resistance among historically marginalized students within the current racist and xenophobic political climate; and we examine how students respond to the teacher’s invitation to engage and develop their resistant capital through their writing. Data analyzed for this study include student letters, teacher interviews, and fieldnotes from one lesson, which was situated in a year-long ethnographic study. We found that the teacher cultivated resistant capital by tapping into students’ lived experiences to scrutinize oppressive rhetoric and persist in the face of adversity. Students seized the opportunity to resist the dominant anti-immigrant narrative by leveraging their resistant capital through counter-stories, assertions of experiential knowledge, and appeals to a moral imperative. Our study contributes to scholarship on CCW by exploring how CCW is utilized in a previously under-examined context and has implications for educators by offering examples of classroom practices that cultivate CCW and transform deficit discourses that threaten to impede academic success, especially among Latinx students.
这个定性的案例研究提供了一扇窗户,让我们看到一个教室里,一位拉丁裔英语语言艺术老师和她的新高中学生利用社区文化财富(Yosso, 2005),因为他们从事扫盲实践,抵制压迫,谴责歧视,争取社会正义。我们借鉴Yosso(2005)的社区文化财富(CCW)框架来理解教师如何在当前种族主义和仇外的政治气候中鼓励历史上被边缘化的学生进行抵抗;我们考察了学生如何回应老师的邀请,通过写作来参与和发展他们的抵抗资本。本研究分析的数据包括学生来信、教师访谈和一节课的现场记录,这是一项为期一年的民族志研究。我们发现,老师通过挖掘学生的生活经历,仔细审视压迫性的言论,并在逆境中坚持不懈,培养了抵抗资本。学生们抓住机会,通过反故事、经验性知识的断言和对道德责任的呼吁,利用他们的抵抗资本,抵制占主导地位的反移民叙事。我们的研究通过探索如何在以前未被充分研究的背景下使用CCW,为CCW的学术研究做出了贡献,并通过提供课堂实践的例子,培养CCW并改变阻碍学业成功的缺陷话语,特别是在拉丁裔学生中,对教育者有影响。
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引用次数: 4
Latinx/Chicanx Students on the Path to Conocimiento: Critical Reflexivity Journals as Tools for Healing and Resistance in the Trump Era 拉丁裔/墨西哥裔学生在通往和解的道路上:批判性反思期刊作为特朗普时代治疗和抵抗的工具
Pub Date : 2018-12-18 DOI: 10.24974/AMAE.12.3.404
J. S. Fernández, Alejandra Magaña Gamero
Anzaldúa’s concept of conocimiento guides our analysis of Latinx/Chicanx students’ Critical Reflexivity Journals (CRJ) produced in an Ethnic Studies classroom at a predominantly-white institution. Through a thematic analysis procedure of students’ CRJ entries, which we describe as written testimonios, we discerned how Latinx/Chicanx students’ writings engaged their identities, reflexivity, healing, and resistance on a path toward conocimiento. Grounding our theoretical and empirical analysis in Anzaldúan thought, conocimiento is characterized by a deep reflexive critical consciousness that unfolds across seven interconnected stages. Conocimiento builds toward a liberatory transformation that Anzaldúa describes as spiritual activism, the seventh and final stage of conocimiento. The sociohistorical, culturally relevant, and student-centered curricula purported in Ethnic Studies is the focus of much scholarly writings. Our work contributes to this growing theoretical, empirical and pedagogical scholarship by specifically focusing on conocimiento. Through an Anzaldúa centered analysis of Latinx/Chicanx students’ CRJ we demonstrate how reflexive writings can facilitate students’ process of identity formation, reflexivity, healing and resistance from colonial forms of knowledge and oppression. This is especially important when considering the racist and violent sociopolitical context under the Trump Administration.
Anzaldúa的conconcimiento概念指导了我们对拉丁裔/墨西哥裔学生的批判性反思性期刊(CRJ)的分析,这些期刊是在一所以白人为主的大学的种族研究课堂上产生的。通过对学生的CRJ作品的主题分析程序,我们将其描述为书面证词,我们发现拉丁裔/墨西哥裔学生的作品如何在通往共同的道路上融入他们的身份、反思、治愈和抵抗。将我们的理论和实证分析建立在Anzaldúan思想基础上,conconcimiento的特点是一种深刻的反思性批判意识,它在七个相互关联的阶段展开。Conocimiento建立了一个解放的转变,Anzaldúa将其描述为精神行动主义,这是Conocimiento的第七个也是最后一个阶段。种族研究中的社会历史、文化相关和以学生为中心的课程是许多学术著作的焦点。我们的工作通过特别关注conconcimiento,为这一不断增长的理论、实证和教学奖学金做出了贡献。通过Anzaldúa以拉丁裔/墨西哥裔学生的CRJ为中心的分析,我们展示了反思性写作如何促进学生的身份形成、反思性、愈合和抵抗殖民形式的知识和压迫的过程。考虑到特朗普政府的种族主义和暴力社会政治背景,这一点尤为重要。
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引用次数: 7
Cap(tioning) Resistance on Stage: Chicana/Latina Graduation Caps and StoryBoarding as Syncretic Testimonio 舞台上的阻力:墨西哥裔/拉丁裔毕业帽和故事板作为融合的证词
Pub Date : 2018-12-18 DOI: 10.24974/AMAE.12.3.407
Larissa M. Mercado-López, Laura Alamillo, C. Herrera
This article examines the recent tradition of decorating and re-fashioning graduation caps, also known as mortarboards, by Chicanx/Latinx graduates. We describe this practice as StoryBoarding, a form of micro-storytelling tales of Chicana/Latina agency and resistance that counter, expose, and challenge institutionalized forms of racism. Many instances of StoryBoarding take place in the context of Hispanic Serving Institutions (HSI), specifically during the Chicanx/Latinx graduation commencement ceremonies held at many campuses. While these events are celebratory, these past few years, alongside the celebrations, the ceremonies have also become spaces of critique and proclamation of the graduates’ views towards the current administration’s policies aimed at undocumented immigrants and people of Mexican and Latin American descent.
这篇文章探讨了墨西哥裔/拉丁裔毕业生装饰和重新设计毕业帽(也被称为学位板)的最新传统。我们将这种做法描述为故事板,这是一种关于墨西哥裔/拉丁裔代理和抵抗的微观故事形式,反对、揭露和挑战制度化的种族主义形式。故事板的许多实例发生在西班牙裔服务机构(HSI)的背景下,特别是在许多校园举行的墨西哥裔/拉丁裔毕业典礼上。虽然这些活动是庆祝活动,但在过去的几年里,除了庆祝活动,这些仪式也成为毕业生批评和宣布对现任政府针对非法移民、墨西哥和拉丁美洲人后裔的政策的观点的空间。
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引用次数: 2
Latinx Education Policy and Resistance in the Trump Era 特朗普时代的拉丁裔教育政策与抵抗
Pub Date : 2018-12-18 DOI: 10.24974/AMAE.12.3.403
Patricia D. López, William Pérez
This article examines the recent tradition of decorating and re-fashioning graduation caps, also known as mortarboards, by Chicanx/Latinx graduates. We describe this practice as StoryBoarding, a form of micro-storytelling tales of Chicana/Latina agency and resistance that counter, expose, and challenge institutionalized forms of racism. Many instances of StoryBoarding take place in the context of Hispanic Serving Institutions (HSI), specifically during the Chicanx/Latinx graduation commencement ceremonies held at many campuses. While these events are celebratory, these past few years, alongside the celebrations, the ceremonies have also become spaces of critique and proclamation of the graduates’ views towards the current administration’s policies aimed at undocumented immigrants and people of Mexican and Latin American descent.
这篇文章探讨了墨西哥裔/拉丁裔毕业生装饰和重新设计毕业帽(也被称为学位板)的最新传统。我们将这种做法描述为故事板,这是一种关于墨西哥裔/拉丁裔代理和抵抗的微观故事形式,反对、揭露和挑战制度化的种族主义形式。故事板的许多实例发生在西班牙裔服务机构(HSI)的背景下,特别是在许多校园举行的墨西哥裔/拉丁裔毕业典礼上。虽然这些活动是庆祝活动,但在过去的几年里,除了庆祝活动,这些仪式也成为毕业生批评和宣布对现任政府针对非法移民、墨西哥和拉丁美洲人后裔的政策的观点的空间。
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引用次数: 7
Teacher Leadership for Social Change in Bilingual and Bicultural Education 双语和双文化教育中教师领导的社会变革
Pub Date : 2018-12-18 DOI: 10.24974/AMAE.12.3.414
Christian Fallas Escobar
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引用次数: 10
Latinx Education Under Attack: The Implications of Immigration Policy for Education 受到攻击的拉丁教育:移民政策对教育的影响
Pub Date : 2018-12-18 DOI: 10.24974/AMAE.12.3.410
R. M. López, Yalidy Matos
This conceptual article examines the intersection between immigration law enforcement and education. We explore the following questions: How have immigration and education policy intersected in the last decade, and particularly after the 2016 presidential election? To examine this question, we make use of the interdisciplinary nature of our own academic backgrounds as a political scientist and an education policy scholar to ground our article using sociologist Herbert Blumer’s sense of group position theory, Critical Race Theory (CRT), and Latina/o Critical Race Theory (LatCrit). Guided by this theoretical frame, we discuss the notion of education being used as a bargaining tool and a weapon with implications for Latino communities given the current political and anti-immigrant context. We highlight examples that represent various levels of government and that on the surface have a target population of immigrant adults or young adults—however, we argue that regardless of the target population, if a policy has direct implications for adult immigrants and immigration, it will have direct implications for educational institutions and the children of immigrants.
这篇概念性的文章探讨了移民执法和教育之间的交集。我们探讨了以下问题:过去十年,特别是2016年总统大选之后,移民和教育政策是如何交叉的?为了研究这个问题,我们利用自己作为政治科学家和教育政策学者的学术背景的跨学科性质,利用社会学家赫伯特·布鲁默的群体立场理论、批判种族理论(CRT)和拉丁/非批判种族理论(LatCrit)来为我们的文章奠定基础。在这一理论框架的指导下,我们讨论了教育被用作讨价还价的工具和武器的概念,以及在当前政治和反移民背景下对拉丁裔社区的影响。我们强调了代表各级政府的例子,表面上有成年移民或年轻人的目标人口——然而,我们认为,无论目标人口是什么,如果一项政策对成年移民和移民有直接影响,它将对教育机构和移民子女有直接影响。
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引用次数: 6
Unpacking Resilience and Trauma: Examining the “Trump Effect” in Higher Education for Undocumented Latinx College Students 拆解韧性与创伤:检视拉丁裔无证大学生高等教育中的“特朗普效应”
Pub Date : 2018-12-18 DOI: 10.24974/AMAE.12.3.405
Susana M. Muñoz, Darsella Vigil, Elizabeth M. Jach, M. M. Rodriguez-Gutierrez
In response to the “Trump Effect”, or the negative climate in education following President Trump’s election, we examine the ways in which anti-immigration rhetoric from the recent election cycle and the elimination of DACA has influenced college experiences and trajectories of undocumented Latinx students. Using critical race theory, along with literature on trauma and resilience, we based our findings on three focus groups with 16 undocumented student participants, and highlight four emergent themes: (1) citizen fragility seemed pervasive and finding hope was deemed as challenging; (2) students experienced an increase of emboldened racist nativism on their college campuses; (3) the exploitation of undocumented student labor; and (4) shared solidarity was beneficial for student resilience. Findings illuminate how colleges and universities need to reconceptualize the notion of resilience by addressing systemic racist nativism in higher education.
为了应对“特朗普效应”,或特朗普总统当选后的负面教育氛围,我们研究了最近选举周期的反移民言论和DACA的取消对无证拉丁裔学生的大学经历和轨迹的影响。利用批判种族理论,以及有关创伤和韧性的文献,我们基于16名无证学生参与者的三个焦点小组的研究结果,并强调了四个新兴主题:(1)公民脆弱性似乎普遍存在,寻找希望被认为是具有挑战性的;(2)大学生校园里的种族主义本土主义日益猖獗;(三)剥削无证学生劳动的;(4)共同的团结有利于学生的应变能力。研究结果阐明了学院和大学如何通过解决高等教育中的系统性种族主义本土主义来重新定义弹性的概念。
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引用次数: 25
期刊
Association of Mexican American Educators Journal
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