Pub Date : 2024-07-23DOI: 10.11648/j.ajasr.20241002.12
Solomon Kebede, István Waltner
The objective of this study is to select the most effective water-saving techniques and improve the water productivity of irrigated onion. The phenological growth of onion, the crop was subjected to moisture stress during one, two, or three of the growth stages. The highest yield attained was 21.157 tons/ha and the lowest was 7.177 tons/ha. Treatments T3 & T4 were water stressed during second and last growth stages produce yields that weren’t significantly different from the yield achieved under completely irrigated (T1). Compared to the maximum yield, 22.3% to 48.4% lower yields were recorded under treatments subjected to water deficiency during two growth stages. Treatments that were stressed during one growth stage had a 2.6 to 42.7% yield reduction relative to the maximum yield. The highest yield reduction was observed under treatment irrigated during the first growth stage (T8), followed by irrigated during first and second growth stages (T7), first and late stages (T5) and then treatment not irrigated during midseason (T2). This shows that a prolonged deficiency over three growing stages has more yield reduction (T8). Plots stressed during both third and fourth growth stages were producing lower yields indicating the severe effects of water stress during flowering and early bulb filling stages on yield. Water savings achieved under different treatments with no significant differences in yield from full irrigated plots range 11.8% to 21.7% (T4 & T3) respectively.
{"title":"Simulation of Onion Response to Soil Moisture Stress at Different Growth Stages on Yield and Water Productivity Using Aquacrop","authors":"Solomon Kebede, István Waltner","doi":"10.11648/j.ajasr.20241002.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajasr.20241002.12","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study is to select the most effective water-saving techniques and improve the water productivity of irrigated onion. The phenological growth of onion, the crop was subjected to moisture stress during one, two, or three of the growth stages. The highest yield attained was 21.157 tons/ha and the lowest was 7.177 tons/ha. Treatments T3 & T4 were water stressed during second and last growth stages produce yields that weren’t significantly different from the yield achieved under completely irrigated (T1). Compared to the maximum yield, 22.3% to 48.4% lower yields were recorded under treatments subjected to water deficiency during two growth stages. Treatments that were stressed during one growth stage had a 2.6 to 42.7% yield reduction relative to the maximum yield. The highest yield reduction was observed under treatment irrigated during the first growth stage (T8), followed by irrigated during first and second growth stages (T7), first and late stages (T5) and then treatment not irrigated during midseason (T2). This shows that a prolonged deficiency over three growing stages has more yield reduction (T8). Plots stressed during both third and fourth growth stages were producing lower yields indicating the severe effects of water stress during flowering and early bulb filling stages on yield. Water savings achieved under different treatments with no significant differences in yield from full irrigated plots range 11.8% to 21.7% (T4 & T3) respectively.\u0000","PeriodicalId":414962,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Applied Scientific Research","volume":"134 28","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141811206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-03DOI: 10.11648/j.ajasr.20241002.11
David Kumwenda, M. Tembo, Chrispin Mphande, Vincent Nundwe, T. Chazema
ICTs digital space has modernized citizen socialization amongst citizens to enhance security and is augmenting for lack of resource constraints as well as promoting less agents on ground thereby strengthening internal security through community policing. Availability of ICT gadgets, applications, and initiatives make simple and influential crime reporting and crime control. This study examines factors that affect the use of information communication technology deployed for crime prevention and detection in community policing. Mixed methods exploratory sequential design was used to collect data. Qualitative purposive sampling targeted four focus group discussions of 10 participants each and one key informant interview of 10 participants, interview guide instrument was utilized. Quantitative household survey used Yamene (1969) formular to identify 432 respondents who were randomly distributed into 10 locations of Muloza and used structured questionnaire. Qualitative data analysis follows transcribing, coding, and grouping into sub-themes, themes that answer research objectives aided by NVivo application. Quantitative analysis used descriptive statistics in SPSS version 20. Under pragmatics paradigm guided by democratic participation, social-disorganization and broken window theories, results show that the majority of ICTs are mobile telephones, which play an important role in the storage, dissemination, and replication of security information in community policing. Dominated by married persons at 56.5% in the youth category of 57.2% respondents. The police are faced with the technical challenge of installing and maintaining ICTs. The police have no ICT resources deployed for the prevention, detection, and investigation of crime in Muloza. Hence, the police rely on personal mobile phones, which are operated on do it yourself as convenience by victim or law enforcement agent to follow an issue. Regression when tested at confidence interval 95.0% showed that some factors have significance value on use of ICTs deployed for prevention and detection of crime in community policing (i) Age at p=.001 (ii) Education at p=.000 (iii) Income at p=.000 (iv) Knowledge expertise at p=.000 (v) Cost of accessing technologies at p=.009 and (vi) Trust issues between police and people at p=.009. The importance of ICTs is that they have revolutionized monitoring and surveillance that may improve prevention, detection, and investigation of crime in community policing, and allow for storage, dissemination, and replication of security information. Proper use of ICTs for prevention and detection of crime may improve police investigations. Citizens’ wide use of ICTs in formal and non-formal ways may help reduce corruption through wide information storage replication and dissemination.
{"title":"Digital Defiance’s Affecting Use of Information Communication Technology Deployed for Prevention and Detection of Crime in Community Policing in Malawi","authors":"David Kumwenda, M. Tembo, Chrispin Mphande, Vincent Nundwe, T. Chazema","doi":"10.11648/j.ajasr.20241002.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajasr.20241002.11","url":null,"abstract":"ICTs digital space has modernized citizen socialization amongst citizens to enhance security and is augmenting for lack of resource constraints as well as promoting less agents on ground thereby strengthening internal security through community policing. Availability of ICT gadgets, applications, and initiatives make simple and influential crime reporting and crime control. This study examines factors that affect the use of information communication technology deployed for crime prevention and detection in community policing. Mixed methods exploratory sequential design was used to collect data. Qualitative purposive sampling targeted four focus group discussions of 10 participants each and one key informant interview of 10 participants, interview guide instrument was utilized. Quantitative household survey used Yamene (1969) formular to identify 432 respondents who were randomly distributed into 10 locations of Muloza and used structured questionnaire. Qualitative data analysis follows transcribing, coding, and grouping into sub-themes, themes that answer research objectives aided by NVivo application. Quantitative analysis used descriptive statistics in SPSS version 20. Under pragmatics paradigm guided by democratic participation, social-disorganization and broken window theories, results show that the majority of ICTs are mobile telephones, which play an important role in the storage, dissemination, and replication of security information in community policing. Dominated by married persons at 56.5% in the youth category of 57.2% respondents. The police are faced with the technical challenge of installing and maintaining ICTs. The police have no ICT resources deployed for the prevention, detection, and investigation of crime in Muloza. Hence, the police rely on personal mobile phones, which are operated on do it yourself as convenience by victim or law enforcement agent to follow an issue. Regression when tested at confidence interval 95.0% showed that some factors have significance value on use of ICTs deployed for prevention and detection of crime in community policing (i) Age at p=.001 (ii) Education at p=.000 (iii) Income at p=.000 (iv) Knowledge expertise at p=.000 (v) Cost of accessing technologies at p=.009 and (vi) Trust issues between police and people at p=.009. The importance of ICTs is that they have revolutionized monitoring and surveillance that may improve prevention, detection, and investigation of crime in community policing, and allow for storage, dissemination, and replication of security information. Proper use of ICTs for prevention and detection of crime may improve police investigations. Citizens’ wide use of ICTs in formal and non-formal ways may help reduce corruption through wide information storage replication and dissemination.\u0000","PeriodicalId":414962,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Applied Scientific Research","volume":"51 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141683221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-11DOI: 10.11648/j.ajasr.20241001.12
Hamid Kheyrodin
Geology is a branch of Earth science concerned with both the liquid and solid Earth, the rocks of which it is composed, and the processes by which they change over time. Geology can also include the study of the solid features of any terrestrial planet or natural satellite such as Mars. Iran and its neighbouring areas are considered as a complex puzzle, in which continental fragments of various origins were assembled and are now separated by discontinuous ophiolitic belts within the Alpine–Himalayan orogenic system At Kavir Iran central region on the volcanic-plutonic belt of central Iran. It is located in Rafsanjan (Kerman province). Igneous rocks in this area include volcanic rocks (andesite, Trachyandesite, basalt and dacite) and igneous rocks are calc-alkaline magma series. Sedimentary area is limestone, shale, conglomerate, sandstone. Filic and argillic alterations are most prevalent have. According to mineralogical studies, mineralization in this region includes iron oxide minerals, for example; Specularity And limonite, as well as secondary sulfide minerals such as borneite, colitis, digenite, and chalcocite, which are substitutes. Pyrite and chalcopyrite. Mineralization has occurred in the form of diffusion, veinlet, void filling and substitution. Potato is one of the most important legumes and constitutes a dominant portion of the global diet. Finally the effect of water stress. In this study, the potato savalan cultivar (StMYB) was the main factor (sandy, clayey soil, compost) and drought stress in four control levels and -0.3, -0.6, -1, and -1.5 MPa of soil water potential in three replicates form of a split plot. We show that in semnan desert the diversity in germplasm indicated that potato cultivars can be developed for production under certain degrees of drought and soil physical properties.
{"title":"Iran Desert and Geology for Cultivation Potato","authors":"Hamid Kheyrodin","doi":"10.11648/j.ajasr.20241001.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajasr.20241001.12","url":null,"abstract":"Geology is a branch of Earth science concerned with both the liquid and solid Earth, the rocks of which it is composed, and the processes by which they change over time. Geology can also include the study of the solid features of any terrestrial planet or natural satellite such as Mars. Iran and its neighbouring areas are considered as a complex puzzle, in which continental fragments of various origins were assembled and are now separated by discontinuous ophiolitic belts within the Alpine–Himalayan orogenic system At Kavir Iran central region on the volcanic-plutonic belt of central Iran. It is located in Rafsanjan (Kerman province). Igneous rocks in this area include volcanic rocks (andesite, Trachyandesite, basalt and dacite) and igneous rocks are calc-alkaline magma series. Sedimentary area is limestone, shale, conglomerate, sandstone. Filic and argillic alterations are most prevalent have. According to mineralogical studies, mineralization in this region includes iron oxide minerals, for example; Specularity And limonite, as well as secondary sulfide minerals such as borneite, colitis, digenite, and chalcocite, which are substitutes. Pyrite and chalcopyrite. Mineralization has occurred in the form of diffusion, veinlet, void filling and substitution. Potato is one of the most important legumes and constitutes a dominant portion of the global diet. Finally the effect of water stress. In this study, the potato savalan cultivar (StMYB) was the main factor (sandy, clayey soil, compost) and drought stress in four control levels and -0.3, -0.6, -1, and -1.5 MPa of soil water potential in three replicates form of a split plot. We show that in semnan desert the diversity in germplasm indicated that potato cultivars can be developed for production under certain degrees of drought and soil physical properties.","PeriodicalId":414962,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Applied Scientific Research","volume":"86 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140713536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-02DOI: 10.11648/j.ajasr.20241001.11
Feleke Demessie, Wosene Gebresilassie, W. Garedew, Garome Shifaraw
The low productivity of common beans is attached to many yield constraints such as lack of improved varieties; poor management practices, biotic and abiotic factors. This study was conducted to evaluate the performance of improved common bean varieties for yield and yield related traits in the Sekoru district of the Jimma zone and identify high-yielding varieties for the study area. Eleven released and one local common bean variety were tested in two locations (Yero Sekoru and Inkure), using a randomized complete block design with three replications. Data were collected for 12 quantitative traits and subjected to analysis using SAS software. The interaction effect of genotype by location showed a highly significant variation for all traits except for plant height, dry biomass yield, and hundred seed weight. The phenotypic coefficient of variation was higher than the genotypic coefficient of variation for all traits. Higher The phenotypic coefficient of variation was recorded for 100 seed weight (52.78), pod length (28.9), pods per plant (27.63), harvest index (25.94) and seed yield (24.6) and also a high genotypic coefficient of variance (GCV) was observed for 100 seed weight (20.24) and pods per plant (20.34). Low (20) and high (93.5) heritability in broad sense were recorded in days to 50% flowering and dry biomass yield, respectively. At the phenotypic level, all traits had a positive phenotypic significant correlation with seed yield per hectare except for primary branches per plant day to 95% physiological maturity and hundred seed weight, while a negative significant correlation with seed yield per hectare was observed for days to 50% flowering. Genotypic path coefficient analysis indicates that the traits studied showed a positive direct effect on seed yield per hectare, while plant height, primary branches and secondary branches per plant, days to 50% flowering, days to 95% physiological maturity and 100 seed weight exhibited a negative direct effect. However, a positive direct phenotypic effect was observed for traits such as dry biomass yield, pod length, primary branches per plant, seeds per pod, and days to 95% physiological maturity. Among the varieties tested in both locations, the highest yield was recorded for the Ser119 variety (2865.2 kg/ha) followed by the Ser125 variety (2699.2 kg/ha). Therefore, recommending these varieties to farmers in the study area is very important to increase production and income.
{"title":"Evaluation of Common Bean (<i>Phaseolus vulgaris </i>L) Cultivars for Yield and Yield-Related Traits at Sekoru District, South Western Ethiopia","authors":"Feleke Demessie, Wosene Gebresilassie, W. Garedew, Garome Shifaraw","doi":"10.11648/j.ajasr.20241001.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajasr.20241001.11","url":null,"abstract":"The low productivity of common beans is attached to many yield constraints such as lack of improved varieties; poor management practices, biotic and abiotic factors. This study was conducted to evaluate the performance of improved common bean varieties for yield and yield related traits in the Sekoru district of the Jimma zone and identify high-yielding varieties for the study area. Eleven released and one local common bean variety were tested in two locations (Yero Sekoru and Inkure), using a randomized complete block design with three replications. Data were collected for 12 quantitative traits and subjected to analysis using SAS software. The interaction effect of genotype by location showed a highly significant variation for all traits except for plant height, dry biomass yield, and hundred seed weight. The phenotypic coefficient of variation was higher than the genotypic coefficient of variation for all traits. Higher The phenotypic coefficient of variation was recorded for 100 seed weight (52.78), pod length (28.9), pods per plant (27.63), harvest index (25.94) and seed yield (24.6) and also a high genotypic coefficient of variance (GCV) was observed for 100 seed weight (20.24) and pods per plant (20.34). Low (20) and high (93.5) heritability in broad sense were recorded in days to 50% flowering and dry biomass yield, respectively. At the phenotypic level, all traits had a positive phenotypic significant correlation with seed yield per hectare except for primary branches per plant day to 95% physiological maturity and hundred seed weight, while a negative significant correlation with seed yield per hectare was observed for days to 50% flowering. Genotypic path coefficient analysis indicates that the traits studied showed a positive direct effect on seed yield per hectare, while plant height, primary branches and secondary branches per plant, days to 50% flowering, days to 95% physiological maturity and 100 seed weight exhibited a negative direct effect. However, a positive direct phenotypic effect was observed for traits such as dry biomass yield, pod length, primary branches per plant, seeds per pod, and days to 95% physiological maturity. Among the varieties tested in both locations, the highest yield was recorded for the Ser119 variety (2865.2 kg/ha) followed by the Ser125 variety (2699.2 kg/ha). Therefore, recommending these varieties to farmers in the study area is very important to increase production and income.","PeriodicalId":414962,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Applied Scientific Research","volume":"85 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140755059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-17DOI: 10.11648/j.ajasr.20230904.12
Mario González Arencibia, Emilio Horacio Valencia Corozo, Dania Onora De León Nazareno
{"title":"Reconfiguration of the Global Geopolitical Map: Challenges and Perspectives","authors":"Mario González Arencibia, Emilio Horacio Valencia Corozo, Dania Onora De León Nazareno","doi":"10.11648/j.ajasr.20230904.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajasr.20230904.12","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":414962,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Applied Scientific Research","volume":"18 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139265809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-11DOI: 10.11648/j.ajasr.20230904.11
Dagne Bekele, Lijalem Abeble, Mohammed Yimam
{"title":"Effect of Organic Amendments on Selected Heavy Metals (Cd, Cr and Pb) Uptake by Tomato (<i>Lycopersicon Esculentum Miller</i>) Plant","authors":"Dagne Bekele, Lijalem Abeble, Mohammed Yimam","doi":"10.11648/j.ajasr.20230904.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajasr.20230904.11","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":414962,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Applied Scientific Research","volume":"31 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139279889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
: Water scarcity will affect the majority of the world's countries by 2025. The majority of developing countries in Africa and Asia are severely impacted by issues related to access to clean and safe potable drinking water. Water production and demand are unbalanced
{"title":"Analysis of Current and Future Water Demand Situation in Gondar City Administration, Northwest Ethiopia","authors":"Workneh Ayall Negash, Ashenafi Bekele Mulatu, Menberu Teshome","doi":"10.11648/j.ajasr.20230903.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajasr.20230903.15","url":null,"abstract":": Water scarcity will affect the majority of the world's countries by 2025. The majority of developing countries in Africa and Asia are severely impacted by issues related to access to clean and safe potable drinking water. Water production and demand are unbalanced","PeriodicalId":414962,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Applied Scientific Research","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134514513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Status of Solar Energy Utilization and Development in Ethiopia","authors":"Ashenafi Bekele Mulatu, Workneh Ayall Negash, Menberu Teshome","doi":"10.11648/j.ajasr.20230903.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajasr.20230903.13","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":414962,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Applied Scientific Research","volume":"144 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132503265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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