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2008 Second International Conference on Thermal Issues in Emerging Technologies最新文献

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Nonlinear thermal resistance control equations for adaptive multiple cooling surface CTM, and boundary condition independent multiple heatsources CTM 自适应多冷却面CTM的非线性热阻控制方程,以及独立于多热源CTM的边界条件
Pub Date : 2008-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/THETA.2008.5167166
P. Tounsi, F. Madrid, J. Nowakowski
As power component manufacturers may not wish to publish confidential information about their technology, automotive system engineers are lacking in technical information for thermal design optimization. The device structure and material data information is particularly significant for electro-thermal coupling, to generate correct and reliable compact thermal model (CTM). Several innovations in methodologies for power components manufacturers are proposed in this paper, in order to accurately generate CTM.
由于动力元件制造商可能不希望公布有关其技术的机密信息,汽车系统工程师缺乏热设计优化的技术信息。器件结构和材料数据信息对于电-热耦合产生正确可靠的致密热模型(CTM)尤为重要。为了准确地生成CTM,本文提出了功率元件制造商在方法上的一些创新。
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引用次数: 0
Cooling of CPU with a thermosyphon 用热虹吸冷却中央处理器
Pub Date : 2008-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/THETA.2008.5167184
R. Khodabandeh, M. Lindstrom
In this study the tested evaporator is made from small blocks of copper with 11 vertical channels with a diameter of 2.5 mm and length of 30 mm. The riser and downcomer connected the evaporator to the condenser, which is cooled by air in free or forced convection. The condenser is made from 10 mm aluminium heat sink profile of the size of 365times365 mm with a fin length of 20 mm at a distance of 8 mm. In the top part of the heat sink a condenser channel system with 2times2 mm cross section is milled. The CPU used in this study is an Intel Pentium 4 with 3.2 GHz. The maximum heat load to the processor is 104 W, and the highest temperature allowed on the processor is 65degC. Temperatures are measured for idle, 50% and maximum heat load of the processor at the CPU, evaporator wall, condenser wall and in the ambient. Temperature differences in the thermosyphon system, between the CPU and the evaporator wall, the condenser wall and ambient are presented. Isobutane has been used as the working fluid, due to the fact that it has low saturation pressure and that this refrigerant is friendly to the environment.
在这项研究中,被测试的蒸发器由小块铜制成,有11个直径为2.5 mm,长度为30 mm的垂直通道。上升管和下降管将蒸发器连接到冷凝器,冷凝器通过自由或强制对流的空气进行冷却。冷凝器采用尺寸为365x365 mm的10mm铝制散热器型材,翅片长度为20mm,间距为8mm。在散热器的顶部有一个2倍2毫米截面的冷凝器通道系统。本研究使用的CPU为Intel奔腾4,频率为3.2 GHz。处理器的最大热负荷为104 W,处理器允许的最高温度为65℃。在CPU、蒸发器壁、冷凝器壁和环境中测量处理器的空闲、50%和最大热负荷的温度。介绍了热虹吸系统中CPU与蒸发器壁、冷凝器壁与环境壁的温差。由于异丁烷具有较低的饱和压力,并且这种制冷剂对环境友好,因此已被用作工作液。
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引用次数: 2
Air flow regimes and IAQ modeling in air conditioned spaces 空调空间的气流状态和室内空气质量模型
Pub Date : 2008-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/THETA.2008.5167197
E. Khalil
There are several factors that affect the hygiene in the surgical operating theatres. The HVAC airside system plays an important role to maintain the adequate hygiene level in the operating theatres. The present paper displays comparisons between different HVAC airside designs to assess their impact on the surgery staff and patient health and comfort. The present work utilizes a numerical modelling technique to predict local flow field characteristics, heat transfer and air distribution profiles. To reduce the infection possibilities of the surgery staff and patients, it should reduce the backward flow from the polluted zones towards the clean zones and the recirculated zones; also, the air infection by direct and indirect ways should be avoided. The present paper introduces suitable design of the HVAC airside system that is based on application of dasiathe centralized partially ceiling supply flowpsila with the two extract levels to ensure the hygiene of the occupancy of the operating theatres.
影响外科手术室卫生的因素有很多。暖通空调空侧系统对维持手术室的卫生水平起着重要的作用。本文展示了不同暖通空调空侧设计之间的比较,以评估其对手术人员和患者健康和舒适的影响。目前的工作利用数值模拟技术来预测局部流场特征,传热和空气分布剖面。为减少手术人员和患者感染的可能性,应减少从污染区向洁净区和再循环区回流;同时,应避免直接和间接的空气感染。本文介绍了采用集中式部分吊顶两层送风系统的空调空侧系统的合理设计,以保证手术室使用卫生。
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引用次数: 1
Experimental study on cooling air flow in a thin electronics casing model 电子薄型机壳模型冷却气流的实验研究
Pub Date : 2008-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/THETA.2008.5167168
M. Ishizuka, S. Nakagawa, Y. Nishino, T. Fukue
This study has been conducted by aiming at acquisition of benchmark test data for CFD simulations for thin electronic equipment. Flow in the model of a thin electronic equipment was measured using a PIV. Dummy components were placed in the model and those configurations were altered. The temperature rise of a heat source in the model was also measured and the cooling performance was examined. PIV measurement results clarified the change of flow depending on the configuration. The comparison of experimental results with numerical results shows a reasonable agreement.
本研究以获取薄型电子设备CFD模拟的基准测试数据为目标。用PIV测量了薄型电子设备模型中的流动。虚拟组件被放置在模型中,这些配置被改变。对模型中热源的温升进行了测量,并对其冷却性能进行了测试。PIV测量结果明确了流量随配置的变化。实验结果与数值结果比较,两者吻合较好。
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引用次数: 1
Slot jet impingement heat transfer from an isothermal circular cylinder 等温圆柱槽射流冲击传热
Pub Date : 2008-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/THETA.2008.5167189
M. Ashjaee, S. Amiri, K. Habibi
The heat transfer characteristics of a circular cylinder exposed to a slot jet impingement of air has been studied experimentally. The study focused on low Reynolds numbers ranging from 120 to 1210 and slot-to-cylinder spacing from 2 to 8 of the slot width. A Mach-Zehnder interferometer was used in the experimental study. Local Nusselt numbers at cylinder surface were obtained using infinite fringe mode which corresponds directly to isotherms in the flow field. It has shown that the local Nusselt number has a maximum value at the stagnation point and then decreases to a minimum distance between isotherms. It is observed that slot jet impingement has a great effect on the local heat transfer coefficient from the stagnation point to the angle of 120deg and local Nusselt number at the downstream is approximately similar to the case of free convection for the low and moderate Reynolds numbers. In addition, increasing the distance between nozzle and cylinder decreases average heat transfer coefficients. In order to check the accuracy of the experiment and method of data reduction first the case of free convection was tested and the results were compared with the previous works which has an excellent agreement.
实验研究了空气狭缝射流冲击下圆柱的传热特性。研究的重点是低雷诺数范围为120至1210,槽距圆柱间距为槽宽的2至8。实验研究采用了马赫-曾德尔干涉仪。利用无限大条纹模式得到了圆柱表面的局部努塞尔数,该模式直接对应于流场的等温线。结果表明,局部努塞尔数在停滞点处有最大值,然后减小到等温线之间的最小距离。观察到,狭缝射流撞击对从驻点到120°角的局部换热系数有较大影响,下游低、中雷诺数的局部努塞尔数近似于自由对流情况。此外,增加喷嘴与气缸之间的距离会降低平均换热系数。为了验证实验和数据约简方法的准确性,首先对自由对流的情况进行了测试,并将结果与前人的工作进行了比较,结果与前人的工作有很好的一致性。
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引用次数: 8
Convective heat transfer in graphite foams with complex structures 复杂结构石墨泡沫的对流换热
Pub Date : 2008-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/THETA.2008.5167192
K. Leong, Hongying Li, Liwen Jin, J. Chai
Along with recent advances in electronic packaging, high performance computer processors require more efficient devices for dissipating the high heat fluxes. The use of highly conductive porous media has emerged as an effective cooling method due to its large internal contact surface area which enhances convection at the pore level. In this study, graphite foams developed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, USA, are used to enhance heat transfer. Initial studies performed by other investigators showed that the extended surface area also results in very high pressure drop for fluid flowing through the graphite foam. This paper presents a numerical and experimental study of convection heat transfer in graphite foams with different structures which are designed to reduce pressure drop. The non local thermal equilibrium model is adopted in the fluid and solid energy equations. The numerical results which are validated by experimental data show that the inlet air flow partially penetrates the designed foam walls and the rest of the air flows tortuously through slots in the structure. Flow mixing is observed in the free stream area inside the structures, which is absent in block graphite foam. This indicates that better convection can be obtained by these structures due to their low flow resistance and high flow velocity. The pressure drop in the designed graphite foam is also found to be significantly lower than that in solid block graphite foam.
随着电子封装的最新进展,高性能计算机处理器需要更有效的设备来消散高热流。高导电性多孔介质的使用已成为一种有效的冷却方法,因为它具有较大的内部接触表面积,可以增强孔隙水平的对流。在这项研究中,美国橡树岭国家实验室开发的石墨泡沫被用来增强传热。其他研究人员进行的初步研究表明,表面积的扩大也会导致流体流过石墨泡沫时产生非常高的压降。本文对不同压降结构石墨泡沫的对流换热进行了数值和实验研究。流体和固体能量方程均采用非局部热平衡模型。数值计算结果与实验数据相吻合,表明进口气流部分穿透设计的泡沫壁面,其余气流通过结构缝隙进行弯曲流动。在结构内部的自由流区观察到流动混合,这在块状石墨泡沫中是不存在的。这说明这种结构由于流动阻力小、流速大,可以获得较好的对流。所设计的石墨泡沫的压降也明显低于固体块石墨泡沫。
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引用次数: 2
Improvement of room temperature magnetic refrigerator using air as heat transfer fluid 以空气为传热流体的室温磁制冷机的改进
Pub Date : 2008-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/THETA.2008.5167187
K. Nakamura, T. Kawanami, S. Hirano, M. Ikegawa, K. Fumoto
In order to elucidate the cooling characteristics and to improve the cooling performance of a room temperature magnetic refrigerator using air as a heat transfer fluid, experimental and analytical study concerned with the heat transfer characteristics of an active magnetic regenerator (AMR) are conducted. The basic components of the target system are a magnetic circuit, a test section, a fluid supplying system and an associated instrumentation. Spherical gadolinium particles are packed in the test section as a magnetic working substance. Temperature profiles under several operating conditions for the Air-AMR are measured and calculated. Also, those for the Water-AMR are investigated in order to compare with the Air-AMR. The results show that the AMR cycle is very effective for improvement of the cooling performance of a room-temperature magnetic refrigerator for both heat transfer fluids, because increase in the temperature span between the hot-end and the cold-end due to regeneration is realized. Furthermore, it is revealed that a high flow rate of air is necessary in order to improve the cooling performance of the Air-AMR refrigerator, compared with the case of the Water-AMR. It is also shown that thermophysical properties of the heat transfer fluid have a significant effect on the cooling characteristics of an AMR refrigerator.
为了阐明以空气为传热介质的室温磁制冷机的制冷特性,提高制冷性能,对有源磁蓄热器的传热特性进行了实验和分析研究。目标系统的基本组成部分是磁路、测试部分、流体供应系统和相关仪器。球形钆颗粒作为磁性工质填充在试验段中。测量和计算了空气- amr在几种工况下的温度分布。此外,为了与Air-AMR进行比较,对Water-AMR进行了研究。结果表明,AMR循环对两种传热流体的制冷性能都有很好的改善作用,因为它实现了热端与冷端之间的温度跨度的增大。此外,与水- amr制冷机相比,空气- amr制冷机的冷却性能需要较大的空气流量。研究还表明,传热流体的热物理性质对AMR制冷机的制冷特性有显著影响。
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引用次数: 11
Heat transfer performance of Aluminum foams during single phase air flow 泡沫铝在单相气流中的传热性能
Pub Date : 2008-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/THETA.2008.5167190
A. Cavallini, S. Mancin, L. Rossetto, C. Zilio
This paper presents the experimental heat transfer and pressure drops measurements relative to single phase air flow through two different Aluminum foams, electrically heated. Because of their interesting heat transfer and mechanical properties, metal foams have been proposed for several different applications both thermal and structural. The tested Aluminum foams present 5 and 40 pores per inch (PPI) respectively and they have been inserted in a new test equipment located at the Department of Fisica Tecnica of the University of Padova. The experimental heat transfer coefficients and pressure drops have been collected by varying the air mass flow rate and the electrical power which has been set at 25.0, 32.5 and 40.0 kW m2. This paper aims to point out the effective thermal fluid dynamic behaviour of these new enhanced surfaces which present high heat transfer area per unit of volume at the expense of high pressure drop. Moreover, the results of several semi-empirical correlations for pressure gradient calculation have been compared with the collected experimental data points.
本文介绍了单相空气流过两种不同电加热泡沫铝时的传热和压降的实验测量。由于其有趣的传热和机械性能,金属泡沫已被提出用于几种不同的应用,包括热学和结构。被测试的泡沫铝每英寸分别有5个和40个孔(PPI),它们被插入位于帕多瓦大学财经技术系的新测试设备中。通过改变空气质量、流量和设定为25.0、32.5和40.0 kW m2的电功率,收集了实验换热系数和压降。本文旨在指出这些新增强表面的有效热流体动力学行为,这些表面以高压降为代价呈现高单位体积传热面积。此外,还将压力梯度计算的几个半经验相关结果与收集的实验数据点进行了比较。
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引用次数: 3
Boiling in macro and micro systems: Existing problems and ways of further research 宏观和微观系统中的沸腾:存在的问题和进一步研究的途径
Pub Date : 2008-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/THETA.2008.5167183
I. Shekriladze
A keynote paper presents just the next attempt to promote a discussion of modern state of art in the field of boiling heat transfer research. It is shown how unwillingness to deconstruct internal contradictions of applicable approaches has resulted longstanding theoretical deadlock. Alternatively, it also is shown how resolution of these contradictions opens the ways to breakthrough in boiling heat transfer theory Principal contradictions between experimental knowledge and traditional model of ldquothe theatre of actorsrdquo (MTA) are discussed. Basic experimental facts, physical models and correlations of experimental data are reconsidered. Crucial role of pumping effect of growing bubble (PEGB) in boiling heat transfer and hydrodynamics is shown. Basic role of control of HTC by thermodynamic conditions on nucleation sites is demonstrated and consequent model of ldquothe theatre of directorrdquo (MTD) is discussed. Universal MTD-based correlation of boiling HTC of all types of liquids is considered. Unified consistent research framework for developed boiling heat transfer and diverse specific boiling heat transfer regimes is outlined through supplementing MTD by so-called multifactoring concept (MFC). MFC links transition from developed boiling mode to diverse boiling curves to a phenomenon of multiplication of factors influencing HTC. It is shown also that multifactoring phenomenon equally can cover any boiling process including boiling in minichannels and microchannels. Possible types of multifactoring are considered. The ways of further research of the boiling problem are discussed.
一篇主题论文提出了推动现代沸腾传热研究领域的艺术状态讨论的下一个尝试。它显示了不愿意解构适用方法的内部矛盾如何导致长期的理论僵局。本文还讨论了实验知识与传统的“演员剧场”(MTA)模型之间的主要矛盾。重新考虑了实验的基本事实、物理模型和实验数据的相关性。说明了生长泡泵送效应在沸腾传热和流体力学中的重要作用。本文论证了热动力条件对成核部位控制的基本作用,并讨论了相应的成核区(MTD)模型。考虑了所有类型液体沸腾HTC的通用mtd相关性。通过所谓的多因子概念(MFC)补充MTD,概述了发达沸腾传热和不同特定沸腾传热机制的统一一致的研究框架。MFC链路从发达的沸腾模式到多样化的沸腾曲线,再到影响HTC的因素倍增的现象。结果表明,多因子现象同样适用于任何沸腾过程,包括微通道沸腾和微通道沸腾。考虑了多重因子的可能类型。讨论了进一步研究沸腾问题的途径。
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引用次数: 0
Integrating a thermo-mechanical solver into the DJOSER analytical thermal simulator for multilayer power electronic assemblies. Preliminary results 将热机械求解器集成到DJOSER多层电力电子组件分析热模拟器中。初步结果
Pub Date : 2008-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/THETA.2008.5167180
P. Bagnoli, C. Padovani, A. Pagni, G. Pasquinelli
The DJOSER analytical thermal solver for multilayer mounting structures has been tested as a useful and friendly tool for the thermal analysis of power electronic devices and their packages, able to replace the onerous programs based on the finite element (FEM) calculations. The other problem connected with the packaging evaluation is the calculation of the thermally induced stresses and strains in the various layers composing the assembling structures. This paper deals with the first step of the implementation of a thermo-mechanical solver to be connected with the DJOSER program, which may be able to calculate the stresses at the layer interfaces, using the same strategy, i.e. a semi-analytical mathematical approach, and the same DJOSER structural constrains (stepped pyramidal structures, homogeneous layers). The basic theory is briefly exposed and the method is applied to some two-layers virtual structures. The obtained results are compared with those obtained using standard FEM analyses, revealing a substantial agreement but also some local disagreements.
DJOSER多层安装结构解析热求解器已被证明是一种实用的、友好的电力电子器件及其封装热分析工具,能够取代繁琐的基于有限元计算的程序。与封装评价有关的另一个问题是组成装配结构的各层的热致应力和应变的计算。本文讨论了实现与DJOSER程序相连接的热机械求解器的第一步,该程序可以使用相同的策略(即半解析数学方法)和相同的DJOSER结构约束(阶梯锥体结构,均匀层)来计算层界面处的应力。简要介绍了该方法的基本理论,并将其应用于一些双层虚拟结构。将所得结果与标准有限元分析结果进行了比较,发现两者基本一致,但也存在局部差异。
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引用次数: 1
期刊
2008 Second International Conference on Thermal Issues in Emerging Technologies
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