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2008 Second International Conference on Thermal Issues in Emerging Technologies最新文献

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Efficient energy utilization in air conditioned buildings in Egypt: New directive 埃及空调建筑的高效能源利用:新指令
Pub Date : 2008-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/THETA.2008.5167194
E. Khalil
The Egyptian community in its path for rapid development is endeavouring to make all necessary and appropriate measures to enhance the efficiency of energy utilization and increase the beneficiation of the energy resources. The energy production, transmission, distribution and utilization efficiency becomes a vital factor and measure of national development. The different governmental organisation was established earlier to be responsible for energy planning and efficient utilization, information dissemination and capacity building. Throughout the Nation Energy resources are widely used and consumption rates are in general exceeding the International accepted values. The use and application of new and renewable energy sources can be harnessed to design, construct and operate a solar building of moderate size for desert applications.
在迅速发展的道路上,埃及社会正在努力采取一切必要和适当的措施,以提高能源利用的效率和增加能源的受益。能源的生产、输送、分配和利用效率已成为衡量一个国家发展的重要因素和指标。这个不同的政府组织是早些时候成立的,负责能源规划和有效利用、信息传播和能力建设。在全国范围内,能源资源被广泛使用,其消费率总体上超过了国际公认的值。可以利用新能源和可再生能源的使用和应用来设计、建造和操作一个中等规模的太阳能建筑,用于沙漠应用。
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引用次数: 4
Evaluation of different colling fluids for high-voltage Neutral Beam Injector grids 高压中性束喷射器栅格不同冷却液的评价
Pub Date : 2008-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/THETA.2008.5167159
P. Agostinetti, M. Boldrin, F. Fantini
The Neutral Beam Injectors (NBIs) of the ITER experimental fusion reactor are designed to accelerate Deuterium negative ions with energy up to 1 MeV and current up to 40 A. The accelerator grids must be designed to operate at high voltages and to withstand high power densities (in the order of some tens of MW m-2). They must maintain a proper alignment in all the foreseen operating scenarios, in order to obtain good beam optics, so the thermo-mechanical deformations must be maintained at very low values. Further requirements come from the need of keeping under control the maximum surface temperature in copper. With these requirements, the cooling of the grids represents a significantly critical aspect of the NBI design. Coolant properties have to satisfy high resistivity requirements and to be appropriate for the removal of high heat loads. The cooling circuits must match with the beam optic geometry and the space constrains severely affect the coolant distribution. This paper presents some studies of the grid cooling circuits design carried out with Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) numerical simulations and analytical methods. Cooling performances for different cooling fluids (water and dielectric coolants) have been investigated.
ITER实验核聚变反应堆的中性束注入器(NBIs)设计用于加速能量高达1 MeV、电流高达40 A的氘负离子。加速器电网必须设计成在高电压下运行,并承受高功率密度(大约几十兆瓦m-2)。为了获得良好的光束光学,它们必须在所有可预见的操作场景中保持适当的对准,因此热机械变形必须保持在非常低的值。进一步的要求来自于需要控制铜的最高表面温度。根据这些要求,电网的冷却是NBI设计的一个重要方面。冷却剂的性能必须满足高电阻率要求,并适合于去除高热负荷。冷却回路必须与光束的几何形状相匹配,空间限制严重影响冷却剂的分布。本文采用计算流体力学(CFD)数值模拟和分析方法对电网冷却回路设计进行了研究。研究了不同冷却流体(水和介质冷却剂)的冷却性能。
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引用次数: 1
Theoretical investigation on the thermal prformance of flat two-phase heat spreaders with microchannels 微通道平面两相散热片热性能的理论研究
Pub Date : 2008-12-01 DOI: 10.1615/ICHMT.2008.CHT.1940
J. Mansouri, S. Maalej, M. Zaghdoudi
A detailed mathematical model of a two-phase heat spreader with axial microchannels is developed in which the fluid flow is considered along with the heat and mass transfer processes during evaporation and condensation. The model is based on the equations for the mass, momentum and energy conservation, which are written for the evaporator, adiabatic, and condenser zones. The model, which permits to simulate several shapes of microchannels, can predict the maximum heat transfer capacity of the two-phase heat spreader, the optimal fluid mass, and the temperatures and pressure gradients along the microchannel. The effect of shear stresses at the free liquid surface in a microchannel due to the frictional liquid-vapor interaction on the liquid flow is taken into consideration. The heat transfer through the liquid films in both evaporator and condenser is accounted for in the model, which is described with respect to the disjoining pressure, interfacial thermal resistance, surface roughness, and curvature. The thermal resistances of the evaporator and condenser are determined by accounting for the longitudinal distribution of the meniscus curvature, which is dependent on heat load and heat spreader inclination.
建立了考虑蒸发和冷凝过程中流体流动和传热传质过程的轴向微通道两相换热器的详细数学模型。该模型基于蒸发器、绝热区和冷凝器区域的质量、动量和能量守恒方程。该模型能够模拟不同形状的微通道,并能预测两相散热器的最大换热能力、最佳流体质量以及微通道沿线的温度和压力梯度。考虑了微通道中自由液体表面由于液-气摩擦作用而产生的剪切应力对液体流动的影响。该模型考虑了蒸发器和冷凝器中液膜的传热,用分离压力、界面热阻、表面粗糙度和曲率来描述。蒸发器和冷凝器的热阻是通过考虑半月板曲率的纵向分布来确定的,而半月板曲率的纵向分布取决于热负荷和散热器倾角。
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引用次数: 0
An integrated CFD-approch to deisgn micro-tubular Solid Oxide Fuel Cells 集成cfd方法设计微管固体氧化物燃料电池
Pub Date : 2008-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/THETA.2008.5167162
S. Cordiner, A. Mariani, V. Mulone
The development of kW-size stacks of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs) requires the solution of many and different technological issues to improve reliability and reduce costs. The use of micro-tubular technology may help to solve some of these issues, especially by utilizing a modular approach to build the largest as possible "repeatable units". However, reactant flows and geometries must be carefully designed to get a good behavior in terms of power output and homogeneity of exploitation of all the electrochemical material. An integrated CFD approach based on multi-dimensional analysis to design modular micro-tubular SOFCs is proposed in this paper. It is composed by two distinct tools (namely detailed and fast): they are characterized by different accuracy and computational expenses. The whole model is first validated with a specifically implemented experiment of a single channel SOFC. Then, it is applied to analyze the coupling among heat transfer, fluid-dynamics and electrochemistry of increasingly complex systems (micro and midi-reactors, constituting respectively 15 and 45 tube assemblies). Finally, it is utilized to optimize the geometry of the cited modular systems in terms of air and heat release management to get the maximum performance in terms of power density keeping as low as possible the impact of thermal stresses on cell durability.
发展千瓦级固体氧化物燃料电池(sofc)需要解决许多不同的技术问题,以提高可靠性和降低成本。微管技术的使用可能有助于解决其中的一些问题,特别是通过使用模块化方法来构建尽可能大的“可重复单元”。然而,必须仔细设计反应物流动和几何形状,以获得良好的功率输出和所有电化学材料开发的均匀性。提出了一种基于多维分析的集成CFD方法来设计模块化微管sofc。它由两种不同的工具组成(即详细和快速):它们的特点是不同的精度和计算费用。整个模型首先通过一个专门实现的单通道SOFC实验进行验证。然后,将其应用于分析日益复杂的系统(微反应器和中反应器,分别由15个和45个管组组成)的传热、流体力学和电化学之间的耦合。最后,利用它来优化所引用的模块化系统在空气和热释放管理方面的几何形状,以在功率密度方面获得最大性能,尽可能降低热应力对电池耐久性的影响。
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引用次数: 3
Generalization of the heat transfer coefficient concept 热传递系数概念的推广
Pub Date : 2008-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/THETA.2008.5188777
S. Mohamed-Nabil, S. Ossama
The convection heat transfer coefficient h is a concept that is heavily used by all thermal engineers to solve practical problems. It allows them to approximately analyze complicated systems, without having to systematically perform detailed 3D simulations of all parts of any real system, which is always highly complicated. At least in the first design phase, engineers would appreciate a `handy¿ approximation, like that of h, which belongs to a larger category of what is called compact models. However, defining and using this quantity h for system simulation suffers from fundamental and conceptual problems that will be elucidated in this paper. Experienced thermal engineers know how to use it judiciously avoiding thus these problems, almost unconsciously. However as systems become more and more complicated, in terms of the number of its elements, automated calculations are becoming the rule. Hence, a `black box¿ model of convection is needed for system level simulation and design, which would always give meaningful results in any situation. In this paper a solution is proposed based on the general theory of compact models, which has known recent breakthroughs leading to a general and rigorous theory. This theory has been applied so far for thermal modeling of conduction problems. It will be generalized here to convection problems. The result is a new concept that generalizes h such as to be able to correctly handle situations that were not adequately modeled before.
对流换热系数h是所有热工程师在解决实际问题时大量使用的一个概念。它允许他们大致分析复杂的系统,而不必系统地执行任何真实系统的所有部分的详细3D模拟,这总是非常复杂的。至少在第一个设计阶段,工程师们会喜欢一个“方便”的近似,比如h,它属于一个更大的类别,被称为紧凑型模型。然而,在系统仿真中定义和使用这个量h会遇到一些基本的和概念上的问题,这些问题将在本文中加以阐明。经验丰富的热工程师知道如何明智地使用它,几乎无意识地避免这些问题。然而,随着系统变得越来越复杂,就其元素的数量而言,自动计算正在成为规则。因此,系统级模拟和设计需要对流的“黑箱”模型,它在任何情况下都能给出有意义的结果。本文提出了一种基于紧模型一般理论的解决方案,该理论最近取得了一些突破,导致了一个普遍而严谨的理论。这一理论迄今已应用于传导问题的热建模。这里将推广到对流问题。其结果是一个概括了h的新概念,例如能够正确处理以前没有充分建模的情况。
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引用次数: 1
Reflecting panels for radiators in residential buildings: Theoretical analysis of energy performance 住宅建筑散热器反射板:能源性能的理论分析
Pub Date : 2008-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/THETA.2008.5167195
G. Baldinelli, F. Asdrubali
The paper deals with the analytical evaluation of energy advantages that could be obtained by inserting a panel made of reflecting material between the wall and radiators used for central heating. As a consequence of the panel installation, a higher percentage of the heat emitted by the radiator remains inside the room to be warmed, diminishing the heat loss through the external wall, thus improving the global efficiency of the entire heating system. The analysis is based on equations that describe the heat exchange by irradiation between the three surfaces: radiator, reflecting panel and inner surface of the external wall; the natural convection with interior room air flow is also taken into account. The study covers three different wall types, with the aim of investigating the influence of the enclosure on the panel performance, and three different climatic zones in Italy (North, Centre and South), to take into account the variation with the external temperature. Results show how the performance of the reflecting panel depends strictly on the insulation level of the external wall facing the radiator; more specifically, efficiency increases when the thermal resistance decreases, reaching energy savings of up to 8.8% in worst insulation conditions. The variability with external temperature conditions is negligible, showing similar values for all the investigated zones.
本文分析了在集中供暖的墙体和散热器之间插入反射材料面板所能获得的能源优势。由于安装了面板,暖气片散发的热量中有更高比例留在房间内进行加热,减少了通过外墙的热量损失,从而提高了整个供暖系统的整体效率。分析的基础是描述辐射器、反射板和外墙内表面三个表面之间的辐射换热方程;室内空气流动的自然对流也被考虑在内。该研究涵盖了三种不同的墙壁类型,目的是调查外壳对面板性能的影响,以及意大利三个不同的气候带(北部,中部和南部),以考虑外部温度的变化。结果表明,反射板的性能严格取决于面向散热器的外墙的保温水平;更具体地说,当热阻降低时,效率会提高,在最差的绝缘条件下,节能可达8.8%。与外部温度条件的变化是可以忽略不计的,在所有研究区域显示相似的值。
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引用次数: 5
Three-dimensional measurements of photo curing with process with photo-curable resin for UV-nanoimprint by micro-digital-holographic-PTV 微数字全息ptv光固化树脂光固化uv纳米压印的三维测量
S. Satake, G. Sorimachi, T. Kanai, J. Taniguchi, N. Unno
High time-resolution flow field measurement in the glass plate with covered glass with two holes is performed by micro-DHPTV system. The glass plate with covered glass has two holes that are inside photo-curable resin. The particle measurement is performed during two seconds; the measurement time is covered for curing time. The theoretically curing time is estimated from the irradiation flux of UV source. Moreover, photo-curable resin with changing of temperature is measured to evaluate dependence of temperature. Consequently, the seeding particle tracking can be obtained instantaneously. The three-dimensional displacement from the tracking is mainly caused at the depth direction. The value is in good agreement with the theoretical displacement from UV irradiation flux. Moreover, it is found that the photo curing of the displacement appears to be proportional to increasing the temperature.
采用微型dhptv系统对双孔覆盖玻璃玻璃板内的流场进行了高时间分辨率的测量。覆盖玻璃的玻璃板在光固化树脂内部有两个孔。粒子测量在两秒内完成;测量时间包括固化时间。理论固化时间由紫外光辐照通量估算。此外,光固化树脂随温度的变化进行了测试,以评估温度的依赖性。因此,可以即时获得种子粒子的跟踪。跟踪引起的三维位移主要是由深度方向引起的。该值与紫外辐射通量的理论位移值吻合较好。此外,还发现位移的光固化与温度的升高成正比。
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引用次数: 7
Natural convection in a horizontal fluid layer bounded by thin porous boundaries 以薄多孔边界为界的水平流体层中的自然对流
Pub Date : 2008-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/THETA.2008.5167191
Z. Alloui, H. Beji, P. Vasseur
This paper reports an analytical and numerical study of natural convection in a horizontal binary fluid layer confined between two horizontal porous walls. The cavity is heated from the bottom by a constant heat flux while the long side walls are impermeable and adiabatic. The Beavers-Joseph slip condition on velocity is applied at the interface between the fluid and porous layers. Both double-diffusive convection and Soret-induced convection are considered. An analytical model, based on the parallel flow approximation, is proposed for the case of a shallow layer. The flow and heat and mass transfer variables are obtained in terms of the governing parameters of the problem. The critical Rayleigh numbers for the onset of supercritical and subcritical convection are predicted for various hydrodynamic boundary conditions. The results for a fluid layer bounded by solid walls and free surfaces emerge from the present analysis as limiting cases. The study is completed by a numerical solution of the full governing equations.
本文报道了在两个水平多孔壁之间的水平二元流体层中自然对流的解析和数值研究。腔体由一个恒定的热流从底部加热,而长侧壁是不透水和绝热的。在流体和多孔层之间的界面处应用了速度的Beavers-Joseph滑移条件。双扩散对流和索雷特感应对流都被考虑在内。提出了一种基于平行流近似的浅层解析模型。根据问题的控制参数得到了流动变量和传热传质变量。在不同的流体动力边界条件下,预测了超临界和亚临界对流发生的临界瑞利数。以固体壁和自由表面为界的流体层的结果作为极限情况从本分析中得到。通过对整个控制方程的数值解完成了研究。
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引用次数: 0
Water mist / air jet cooling of a heated plate with variable droplet size 变液滴大小的加热板的水雾/空气喷射冷却
Pub Date : 2008-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/THETA.2008.5167178
P. OisínF., Lyons, Tim, Persoons, Gerard, Byrne, B. Darina, Murray
Mist jets, which involve the addition of a fine water mist to an air flow, have the potential to improve on the heat transfer performance of impinging air jets. Much is already known about the heat transfer characteristics of impinging air jets, and they are widely used in many engineering applications. This project seeks to improve the understanding of mist jets and provide heat transfer correlations and identify the heat transfer mechanism involved. To date a fully functional test rig has been built and calibrations and initial tests carried out. Comparison of the heat transfer characteristics of these mist jets with previous literature on both air and mist jets is underway.
雾射流涉及到在气流中加入细水雾,有可能改善撞击空气射流的传热性能。关于撞击空气射流的传热特性,人们已经了解了很多,并在许多工程应用中得到了广泛的应用。该项目旨在提高对雾射流的理解,提供传热相关性,并确定所涉及的传热机制。迄今为止,已经建立了一个功能齐全的测试平台,并进行了校准和初步测试。将这些雾射流的传热特性与先前关于空气和雾射流的文献进行比较。
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引用次数: 5
Analytical solution of hyperbolic heat conduction equation in a thin film layer with space-dependent thermal conductivity 具有空间相关导热系数的薄膜层中双曲型热传导方程的解析解
Pub Date : 2008-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/THETA.2008.5167167
H. Shokouhmand, M. Goharkhah, S. Amiri
In this paper, the non-Fourier heat conduction problem in a finite slab is analyzed. Dependence of thermal conductivity on space which is mostly encountered in nonhomogeneous materials has been considered. HHC equation has been solved by employing trial solution method and collocation optimization criterion. A temperature peak on the insulated wall of the slab has been observed due to linear variation of thermal conductivity, so the main feature of this article is to find the amount of temperature peak and the time at which it occurs. It has been shown that the magnitude of the temperature peak increases with increasing the dimensionless relaxation time. In order to validate the approach, the results have been compared with the analytical solution obtained for a special case which shows a good agreement.
本文分析了有限板的非傅立叶热传导问题。考虑了非均质材料中常见的导热系数与空间的关系。采用试解法和配置优化准则求解了HHC方程。由于热导率的线性变化,在板坯保温壁上观察到一个温度峰值,因此本文的主要特点是找出温度峰值的数量和出现的时间。结果表明,温度峰的大小随无量纲弛豫时间的增加而增大。为了验证该方法的有效性,将所得结果与一个特殊情况下的解析解进行了比较,结果显示出较好的一致性。
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引用次数: 1
期刊
2008 Second International Conference on Thermal Issues in Emerging Technologies
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