Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.22250/24107190_2023_9_1_5
A. Avrutina, Valerii A. Shishkin
{"title":"Structural syntactic patterns of agglutinative languages (Based on Japanese and Turkish)","authors":"A. Avrutina, Valerii A. Shishkin","doi":"10.22250/24107190_2023_9_1_5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22250/24107190_2023_9_1_5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":415120,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical and Applied Linguistics","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128253852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.22250/2410-7190_2021_7_4_56_66
Oksana V. Koryazhkina
Despite the fact that the issues of word-formation semantics were widely covered, not enough attention was paid to possible differences in the nature of the derived word at the level of the system language and speech. In this article, the issues of derivation are considered from the cognitive point of view on the example of the mechanism of formation of the actual meanings of the component -out in verb-adverbial compounds The aim of the study is to present the lexical meaning of the satellite -out not as a list of lexico-semantic variants, as is customary in the traditional semantic approach, but as a cluster of the most general semantic features necessary for understanding the speech context. The analysis shows that behind the entire semantic structure of the adverbial component -out is the invariant «beyond the limits of a container», as a set of the most stable semantic features that are fixed in the language consciousness of a native speaker and in one of their configurations participate in the process of decoding a specific contextual meaning in accordance with the intuition of the average native speaker. This cluster of features is the system meaning of the word. It corresponds to the verbalized concept, not given directly, but only inferred from the processes of speech on the basis of the word form and in terms of the conditions of consituations.
{"title":"Patterns of semantics forming for the -out component \u2028in verb-adverbial compounds","authors":"Oksana V. Koryazhkina","doi":"10.22250/2410-7190_2021_7_4_56_66","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22250/2410-7190_2021_7_4_56_66","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the fact that the issues of word-formation semantics were widely covered, not enough attention was paid to possible differences in the nature of the derived word at the level of the system language and speech. In this article, the issues of derivation are considered from the cognitive point of view on the example of the mechanism of formation of the actual meanings of the component -out in verb-adverbial compounds The aim of the study is to present the lexical meaning of the satellite -out not as a list of lexico-semantic variants, as is customary in the traditional semantic approach, but as a cluster of the most general semantic features necessary for understanding the speech context. The analysis shows that behind the entire semantic structure of the adverbial component -out is the invariant «beyond the limits of a container», as a set of the most stable semantic features that are fixed in the language consciousness of a native speaker and in one of their configurations participate in the process of decoding a specific contextual meaning in accordance with the intuition of the average native speaker. This cluster of features is the system meaning of the word. It corresponds to the verbalized concept, not given directly, but only inferred from the processes of speech on the basis of the word form and in terms of the conditions of consituations.","PeriodicalId":415120,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical and Applied Linguistics","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130006428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.22250/2410-7190_2021_7_2_169_178
A. A. Shiyanova
The article considers the semantic structure of the Khanty adjectives characterizing weather phenomena. The study is carried out on the material of Western dialects of Khanty - Kazymsky, Shuryshkar and Priural. The material for the study was a card file composed of examples of bilingual dictionaries on the Khanty language, folklore collections and samples of spoken speech collected from Khanty native speakers. The result of the study was a description of the semantics of the language units characterizing weather events in all studied dialects of the Khanty language. Five word-building patterns were discovered for the adjectives: 1) «N+ =әӈ/=єӈ», 2) «N + =ԓы», 3) «N + =и/=ы», 4) «V + =ам/=әм», 5) «N + =ам». These adjectives form 4 lexico-semantic groups. Neither systematization of these lexico-semantic groups has been previously performed, nor the 5 word-building patterns have been previously reported in the literature devoted to the Khanty language. Another contribution was clarification of lexical units characterizing natural phenomena.
{"title":"SEMANTICS OF THE KHANTY ADJECTIVES CHARACTERIZING WEATHER PHENOMENA","authors":"A. A. Shiyanova","doi":"10.22250/2410-7190_2021_7_2_169_178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22250/2410-7190_2021_7_2_169_178","url":null,"abstract":"The article considers the semantic structure of the Khanty adjectives characterizing weather phenomena. The study is carried out on the material of Western dialects of Khanty - Kazymsky, Shuryshkar and Priural. The material for the study was a card file composed of examples of bilingual dictionaries on the Khanty language, folklore collections and samples of spoken speech collected from Khanty native speakers. The result of the study was a description of the semantics of the language units characterizing weather events in all studied dialects of the Khanty language. Five word-building patterns were discovered for the adjectives: 1) «N+ =әӈ/=єӈ», 2) «N + =ԓы», 3) «N + =и/=ы», 4) «V + =ам/=әм», 5) «N + =ам». These adjectives form 4 lexico-semantic groups. Neither systematization of these lexico-semantic groups has been previously performed, nor the 5 word-building patterns have been previously reported in the literature devoted to the Khanty language. Another contribution was clarification of lexical units characterizing natural phenomena.","PeriodicalId":415120,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical and Applied Linguistics","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130575602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.22250/2410-7190_2019_5_4_163_170
S. Shustova, N. M. Tsarenko
The present article aims to outline the pragmatic functions of discourse markers viewed as language items structuring discourse. This issue requires thorough research not only from the language theory viewpoint but from linguоdidactic, particularly pragmalinguоdidactic, viewpoint as well. We focus on the pragmatic potential of grammatical discourse markers. These are pragmatic idioms, infinitive constructions and tag questions. The results of the material analysis from the 4English corpora (BNC, COCA, NOW, iWeb) enabled to demonstrate the complex of functions that these grammar patterns perform in the discourse: etiquette, motivation for action, reproach, regret etc., they are also characterized by polifunctionality. In addition to grammatical discourse markers, the issue of functional patterns of lexical discourse markers is addressed. As far as they determine the syntactic pattern of a sentence, they can perform grammatical pragmatic function as well. Their meaning is to express the degree of certainty of the speaker about the information given in the utterance. Intentional training of L2 learners in the use of discourse markers patterns enables to maintain the principles of authentic discourse-based approach to teaching a foreign language.
{"title":"PRAGMATIC POTENTIAL OF DISCOURSE MARKERS","authors":"S. Shustova, N. M. Tsarenko","doi":"10.22250/2410-7190_2019_5_4_163_170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22250/2410-7190_2019_5_4_163_170","url":null,"abstract":"The present article aims to outline the pragmatic functions of discourse markers viewed as language items structuring discourse. This issue requires thorough research not only from the language theory viewpoint but from linguоdidactic, particularly pragmalinguоdidactic, viewpoint as well. We focus on the pragmatic potential of grammatical discourse markers. These are pragmatic idioms, infinitive constructions and tag questions. The results of the material analysis from the 4English corpora (BNC, COCA, NOW, iWeb) enabled to demonstrate the complex of functions that these grammar patterns perform in the discourse: etiquette, motivation for action, reproach, regret etc., they are also characterized by polifunctionality. In addition to grammatical discourse markers, the issue of functional patterns of lexical discourse markers is addressed. As far as they determine the syntactic pattern of a sentence, they can perform grammatical pragmatic function as well. Their meaning is to express the degree of certainty of the speaker about the information given in the utterance. Intentional training of L2 learners in the use of discourse markers patterns enables to maintain the principles of authentic discourse-based approach to teaching a foreign language.","PeriodicalId":415120,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical and Applied Linguistics","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131964862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.22250/2410-7190_2021_7_4_5_15
E. Buraya
This paper develops the concept of rhythmic classes through the approaches based on metrics designed to quantify speech rhythm. The emergence of a number of PC software packages, that considerably facilitate the analysis of a speech signal, inspired linguists to renew their interest in speech rhythm which waned when Rhythm Class Hypothesis did not prove to be supported with experimental data. New approaches to speech rhythm study are based on the so-called rhythmic metrics – the Deltas, the PVIs and those based on voice timing which are viewed as acoustic rhythmic correlates. Thus, the idea of the paper is to test within the scope of one study the validity of all the three methods using the material of Australian English. The paper also aims at analyzing rhythmical patterns of Australian English, comparing the obtained data with the results on other varieties of English and finding out whether the gender factor has any influence on Australian English speech rhythm. The evaluation of the research data testifies to the ability of each of the three methods to be quite reliable in quantifying speech-rhythm differences. The profiles of the metrics provide acoustic evidence for gender differentiation in Australian English speech rhythm with female speech being more stress-timed.
{"title":"Prosodic rhythm in Australian English (Gender differentiation)","authors":"E. Buraya","doi":"10.22250/2410-7190_2021_7_4_5_15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22250/2410-7190_2021_7_4_5_15","url":null,"abstract":"This paper develops the concept of rhythmic classes through the approaches based on metrics designed to quantify speech rhythm. The emergence of a number of PC software packages, that considerably facilitate the analysis of a speech signal, inspired linguists to renew their interest in speech rhythm which waned when Rhythm Class Hypothesis did not prove to be supported with experimental data. New approaches to speech rhythm study are based on the so-called rhythmic metrics – the Deltas, the PVIs and those based on voice timing which are viewed as acoustic rhythmic correlates. Thus, the idea of the paper is to test within the scope of one study the validity of all the three methods using the material of Australian English. The paper also aims at analyzing rhythmical patterns of Australian English, comparing the obtained data with the results on other varieties of English and finding out whether the gender factor has any influence on Australian English speech rhythm. The evaluation of the research data testifies to the ability of each of the three methods to be quite reliable in quantifying speech-rhythm differences. The profiles of the metrics provide acoustic evidence for gender differentiation in Australian English speech rhythm with female speech being more stress-timed.","PeriodicalId":415120,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical and Applied Linguistics","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128817680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.22250/2410-7190_2019_5_1_5_15
E. Balandina
The article considers representations of color images in linguistic consciousness of Arabic students. The relevance of the chosen topic is proved by the fact that there are different conscious and unconscious associations between individual colors and certain images, despite the relative universality of the color perception by all people. The study of these links greatly contributes to the establishment of friendly intercultural communication among representatives of different countries and cultures. Moreover, the importance of such research is due to the need of fundamental developments in linguistic science related to the problems of perception and reflection of reality and the ways of its fixation and representation in linguistic consciousness. The goal of this article is to identify, fix, and analyze a fragment of the Arabic students' language consciousness, which contains conscious and unconscious knowledge of color images such as green, red, and white. The focus of this study are color images as a part of Arabic students linguistic consciousness...
{"title":"COLOR IMAGES IN LINGUISTIC CONSCIOUSNESS OF ARABIC STUDENTS","authors":"E. Balandina","doi":"10.22250/2410-7190_2019_5_1_5_15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22250/2410-7190_2019_5_1_5_15","url":null,"abstract":"The article considers representations of color images in linguistic consciousness of Arabic students. The relevance of the chosen topic is proved by the fact that there are different conscious and unconscious associations between individual colors and certain images, despite the relative universality of the color perception by all people. The study of these links greatly contributes to the establishment of friendly intercultural communication among representatives of different countries and cultures. Moreover, the importance of such research is due to the need of fundamental developments in linguistic science related to the problems of perception and reflection of reality and the ways of its fixation and representation in linguistic consciousness. The goal of this article is to identify, fix, and analyze a fragment of the Arabic students' language consciousness, which contains conscious and unconscious knowledge of color images such as green, red, and white. The focus of this study are color images as a part of Arabic students linguistic consciousness...","PeriodicalId":415120,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical and Applied Linguistics","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125387015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.22250/2410-7190_2019_5_4_152_162
Nadezhda A. Shamova
This article explores the natural enlargement of English vocabulary of the subject field «cinematography», describes contemporary ways of word formation and their peculiarities in English cinema discourse. The following word formation patterns were viewed: affixation, composition, blending, shortening and derivational neologisms. Each pattern was illustrated by the examples from the corpus that comprises 1051528 words and from additional modern resources. The total amount of the analyzed material was 298 terms. A graphical representation of the results was given and a conclusion was drawn about the most productive word formation patterns, namely affixation (46% of the 5 word-building patterns) and shortening (28% of the 5 word-building pattern groups). The most frequent affixation patterns were the ones with -er / -or suffix (42% / 30% of all affixation patterns) and with pre- prefix (21% of all affixation patterns). The least frequent were derivational neologisms due to their highly specific character. The role of extra-linguistic factors influencing the changes of the studied terminology group is emphasized. The obtained results demonstrate dynamic development of the cinema terminology influenced by various linguistic and extralinguistic factors.
{"title":"WORD FORMATION PATTERNS IN CONTEMPORARY ENGLISH CINEMA DISCOURSE TERMINOLOGY","authors":"Nadezhda A. Shamova","doi":"10.22250/2410-7190_2019_5_4_152_162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22250/2410-7190_2019_5_4_152_162","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores the natural enlargement of English vocabulary of the subject field «cinematography», describes contemporary ways of word formation and their peculiarities in English cinema discourse. The following word formation patterns were viewed: affixation, composition, blending, shortening and derivational neologisms. Each pattern was illustrated by the examples from the corpus that comprises 1051528 words and from additional modern resources. The total amount of the analyzed material was 298 terms. A graphical representation of the results was given and a conclusion was drawn about the most productive word formation patterns, namely affixation (46% of the 5 word-building patterns) and shortening (28% of the 5 word-building pattern groups). The most frequent affixation patterns were the ones with -er / -or suffix (42% / 30% of all affixation patterns) and with pre- prefix (21% of all affixation patterns). The least frequent were derivational neologisms due to their highly specific character. The role of extra-linguistic factors influencing the changes of the studied terminology group is emphasized. The obtained results demonstrate dynamic development of the cinema terminology influenced by various linguistic and extralinguistic factors.","PeriodicalId":415120,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical and Applied Linguistics","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123069793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.22250/24107190_2022_8_4_158
A. R. Tazranova
{"title":"The token mal 'cattle' in the Altai language in comparison with other Turkic and Mongolian languages","authors":"A. R. Tazranova","doi":"10.22250/24107190_2022_8_4_158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22250/24107190_2022_8_4_158","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":415120,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical and Applied Linguistics","volume":"93 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121490145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.22250/2410-7190_2020_6_4_94_103
T. Ma, Sergey V. Bobrov, Natalya M. Zalesova
This paper presents the results of the study of biblical phraseological units (BPUs) found in CNN publications during the period of 2015-2019 (the total of 1643 articles). At the first stage of the experiment, the analysis of 156 BPUs used in the articles demonstrated different distribution of the tokens in CNN rubrics. It was discovered that BPUs in the rubrics “Politics” and “Entertainment” were characterized by considerably higher frequency of occurrence than those in “Style” and “Sports”. At the second stage, specifically designed questionnaire was given to 30 American native speakers to determine the perceptual boundaries of the Bible words. The obtained data revealed indirect correlation between phraseological units frequency of occurrence and the American speakers’ awareness degree of their associative connection with the original source - the Bible: the higher the awareness, the lower the frequency of occurrence. The obtained results enable to assume that the readers do not always identify these units as part of the Holy Scripture, because some BPUs lose their sacred connotations over time. However, journalists often use such units as stylistic means due to their imaginative stylistic and evaluation potential.
{"title":"BIBLICAL PHRASEOLOGY IN CNN PUBLICATIONS","authors":"T. Ma, Sergey V. Bobrov, Natalya M. Zalesova","doi":"10.22250/2410-7190_2020_6_4_94_103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22250/2410-7190_2020_6_4_94_103","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the results of the study of biblical phraseological units (BPUs) found in CNN publications during the period of 2015-2019 (the total of 1643 articles). At the first stage of the experiment, the analysis of 156 BPUs used in the articles demonstrated different distribution of the tokens in CNN rubrics. It was discovered that BPUs in the rubrics “Politics” and “Entertainment” were characterized by considerably higher frequency of occurrence than those in “Style” and “Sports”. At the second stage, specifically designed questionnaire was given to 30 American native speakers to determine the perceptual boundaries of the Bible words. The obtained data revealed indirect correlation between phraseological units frequency of occurrence and the American speakers’ awareness degree of their associative connection with the original source - the Bible: the higher the awareness, the lower the frequency of occurrence. The obtained results enable to assume that the readers do not always identify these units as part of the Holy Scripture, because some BPUs lose their sacred connotations over time. However, journalists often use such units as stylistic means due to their imaginative stylistic and evaluation potential.","PeriodicalId":415120,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical and Applied Linguistics","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115570400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.22250/2410-7190_2021_7_4_169_178
T. V. Shuiskaya
The aim of the research, presented in this article, is to find out whether five-year-olds have rhotacism (distorted pronunciation of /r/, /rʲ/ phonemes) or pararhotacism (/r/, /rʲ/ replacement by another consonant). The results of this study were compared to the data obtained from the research carried out with the same subjects when they were three years old. To analyse acoustic features of both consonants /r/ and /rʲ/ the method of minimal pairs was used. The results enabled to conclude that three year-olds did not have rhotacism while 10% of five year-olds had rhoticism. It was a rolling way of pronouncing /r/ and /rʲ/. Hard trill is more difficult to pronounce than soft trill. Pararhotacism occurred in the speech of 20% of five year-olds while in three-year-olds speech it reached 80%. Unlike three-year-olds, five-year-olds did not substitute soft trill /rʲ/ with any other consonants.
本文提出的研究目的是找出五岁儿童是否有元音发音(/r/、/r/ /音素的发音扭曲)或辅音发音(/r/、/r/ /被另一个辅音取代)。这项研究的结果与同样的研究对象在他们三岁时进行的研究数据进行了比较。为了分析辅音/r/和/r/ /的声学特征，采用了最小对法。结果表明，三岁的孩子没有元音，而五岁的孩子有10%的元音。这是/r/和/r/的滚动发音。硬颤音比软颤音更难发音。五岁儿童的言语中有20%出现悖论，而三岁儿童的言语中有80%出现悖论。与三岁的孩子不同，五岁的孩子不会用任何其他辅音代替软颤音/r k /。
{"title":"Rhotacism and pararhotacism in child’s speech","authors":"T. V. Shuiskaya","doi":"10.22250/2410-7190_2021_7_4_169_178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22250/2410-7190_2021_7_4_169_178","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the research, presented in this article, is to find out whether five-year-olds have rhotacism (distorted pronunciation of /r/, /rʲ/ phonemes) or pararhotacism (/r/, /rʲ/ replacement by another consonant). The results of this study were compared to the data obtained from the research carried out with the same subjects when they were three years old. To analyse acoustic features of both consonants /r/ and /rʲ/ the method of minimal pairs was used. The results enabled to conclude that three year-olds did not have rhotacism while 10% of five year-olds had rhoticism. It was a rolling way of pronouncing /r/ and /rʲ/. Hard trill is more difficult to pronounce than soft trill. Pararhotacism occurred in the speech of 20% of five year-olds while in three-year-olds speech it reached 80%. Unlike three-year-olds, five-year-olds did not substitute soft trill /rʲ/ with any other consonants.","PeriodicalId":415120,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical and Applied Linguistics","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117097534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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