This article explores the dissemination of the photographs and photo-reproductions of the now-canonical North and South American grain elevators, published and disseminated in the early twentieth century in publications such as the 1913 Werkbund Yearbook where Walter Gropius included them as illustrations to his article, and later by Le Corbusier in Vers une architecture, amongst many others. It emphasises that while within architecture discourse the idea of a canon made up of buildings is widely accepted, this article identifies and stresses the role of ‘photographic canons’ as a means to further challenge these constructions. To do so, the article focuses on the moment where these photo-reproductions were consolidated as canonical and the mechanisms that such a construct implied. It investigates the photo-reproductions’ history as objects of trade and exchange, as well as their mobilisation in relation to photographic media and different dissemination platforms to argue that, on the one hand, that this informed their reading as architectural, and thus singular, objects. And on the other, that the materiality of the photo-reproductions’ different instances testifies to their nature as commodities and objects of trade, and therefore to the consolidation of their canonical status.
这篇文章探讨了现在规范的北美和南美谷物升降机的照片和照片复制品的传播，这些照片和复制品在20世纪初出版并传播在1913年《Werkbund年鉴》等出版物中，沃尔特·格罗皮乌斯将其作为插图收录在他的文章中，后来勒·柯布西耶在《Vers une architecture》中发表了这些照片和照片。它强调，虽然在建筑话语中，由建筑组成的经典概念被广泛接受，但本文确定并强调了“摄影经典”作为进一步挑战这些建筑的手段的作用。为此，本文重点关注这些照片复制品被整合为规范的时刻，以及这种结构所隐含的机制。它调查了照片复制品作为贸易和交流对象的历史，以及它们在摄影媒体和不同传播平台上的动员，认为一方面，这为它们作为建筑对象的阅读提供了信息，从而使其成为独特的对象。另一方面，照片复制品不同实例的实质性证明了它们作为商品和贸易对象的性质，从而证明了它们规范地位的巩固。
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Pub Date : 2021-12-09DOI: 10.3390/histories1040025
J. Mathieu
This is the first Special Issue of the online journal “histories”, launched in 2020 [...]
这是2020年上线的网络期刊《历史》的第一期特刊[…]
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Hopkins, O. A review of Maureen Cassidy-Geiger (ed.), Living with Architecture as Art: The Peter W. May Collection of Architectural Drawings, Models, and Artefacts. London: Ad Ilissvm, 2021. Svalduz, E. A Review of Martin Gaier and Wolfgang Wolters, eds., Dilettanti di architettura nella Venezia del Cinquecento. Venice: Istituto Veneto di Scienze Lettere ed Arti, 2020. Kuenzli, K. A review of Mark Wigley, Konrad Wachsmann’s Television: Post-architectural Transmissions. Berlin: Sternberg Press, 2020. Antonucci, M. A review of Dario Donetti, Francesco da Sangallo e l’identità dell’architettura toscana. Rome: Officina Libraria, 2020. Williams, S. A review of Zoltán Somhegyi, Reviewing the Past: The Presence of Ruins. London: Rowman & Littlefield International Ltd., 2020.
霍普金斯大学，莫林·凯斯西-盖格(ed.)的《评论》，《彼得·W·梅收藏的建筑设计、模型和艺术品》。伦敦，2021年。斯瓦尔杜兹，《马丁·盖勒和沃尔夫冈·狼的评论》，艾德。15世纪威尼斯的建筑爱好者。威尼斯:威尼斯艺术与文学学院，2020年。Kuenzli, K. Mark Wigley的评论，Konrad wachsman ' s Television:后建筑传输。柏林:斯滕伯格出版社，2020年。安东尼奇，达里奥·多内蒂的评论，弗朗西斯科·达·桑加洛和托斯卡纳建筑的身份。罗马:书店，2020年。Williams, S。A review of Zolt Somhegyi号áReviewing the Past: the Presence of Ruins)。伦敦:罗曼公司利特菲尔德国际有限公司，2020年。
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Pub Date : 2021-11-23DOI: 10.3390/histories1040024
Rafia Khan
This work intends to explore the nature of socio-political change in historical periods usually referred to as interregnal which, for the purposes of this paper, is defined as a period of discontinuity or gap in political and social organization. It traces the survival of a historical monument through two interregnal centuries of medieval Indian sub-continental history (11th–12th and 14th) to argue that modern historiographical templates which study these periods as precursors or remnants of succeeding and preceding centuries, respectively, do not sufficiently explore the socio-political possibilities innate in these periods of distributed political agency. In the context of Indian history, while historians have focused on the confrontational aspect of Hindu-Muslim polities or communities in interregnal centuries, I suggest that these periods provided fertile ground for political innovation and negotiation, thus breaking the confrontational stasis usually associated with regnal centuries.
{"title":"Monuments and Monumentality in a Changing Socio-Political Landscape: A View from Udaypura","authors":"Rafia Khan","doi":"10.3390/histories1040024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/histories1040024","url":null,"abstract":"This work intends to explore the nature of socio-political change in historical periods usually referred to as interregnal which, for the purposes of this paper, is defined as a period of discontinuity or gap in political and social organization. It traces the survival of a historical monument through two interregnal centuries of medieval Indian sub-continental history (11th–12th and 14th) to argue that modern historiographical templates which study these periods as precursors or remnants of succeeding and preceding centuries, respectively, do not sufficiently explore the socio-political possibilities innate in these periods of distributed political agency. In the context of Indian history, while historians have focused on the confrontational aspect of Hindu-Muslim polities or communities in interregnal centuries, I suggest that these periods provided fertile ground for political innovation and negotiation, thus breaking the confrontational stasis usually associated with regnal centuries.","PeriodicalId":41517,"journal":{"name":"Architectural Histories","volume":"76 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83631901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-20DOI: 10.3390/histories1040023
Andre Liebich
This article considers the historiography of the British Jacobites and American loyalists. It argues that they have been treated unfairly by history. In short, their importance has been minimized out of regard for dominant narratives. The article looks at older and newer historical accounts that reinterpret events in 17th and 18th century Britain and in revolutionary America to give Jacobites and loyalists a fairer share in these events. In conclusion, the article states that historiography will soon have to integrate the experience of these hitherto neglected currents into its main narrative.
{"title":"History and Its “Losers”","authors":"Andre Liebich","doi":"10.3390/histories1040023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/histories1040023","url":null,"abstract":"This article considers the historiography of the British Jacobites and American loyalists. It argues that they have been treated unfairly by history. In short, their importance has been minimized out of regard for dominant narratives. The article looks at older and newer historical accounts that reinterpret events in 17th and 18th century Britain and in revolutionary America to give Jacobites and loyalists a fairer share in these events. In conclusion, the article states that historiography will soon have to integrate the experience of these hitherto neglected currents into its main narrative.","PeriodicalId":41517,"journal":{"name":"Architectural Histories","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74024542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-15DOI: 10.3390/histories1040022
Marcia Esteves Agostinho
Like in most places around the world, childbirth assistance in Brazil was traditionally performed by women. In 1832, however, a law was passed requiring a license for the exercise of medicine, pharmacy, and midwifery. That event marked the differentiation between the traditional and the modern kind of childbirth assistants, leading to an increasing process of medicalization of birth. Hence, the historiography on the subject has pointed out the appropriation by men of a traditional women’s world. This article seeks to understand the gender dynamics in the birthing room by focusing on the new kind of professional that emerged in Brazil in the early nineteenth century: the “graduated midwife.” To what extent was there cooperation or competition between physicians and graduated midwives? How different were their obstetrical practices? After examining the Annaes Brasiliensis de Medicina—the official publication of the Imperial Academy of Medicine—I argue that the graduated midwife was the historical intermediate in transitioning from traditional midwifery to scientific obstetrics. Finally, I conclude that, as a woman of science, the graduated midwife filled the gap that isolated the female sphere of care from the male sphere of science, paving the road for the entrance of women in medicine in 1879.
{"title":"What Difference Gender Makes: Obstetricians in Nineteenth-Century Brazil","authors":"Marcia Esteves Agostinho","doi":"10.3390/histories1040022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/histories1040022","url":null,"abstract":"Like in most places around the world, childbirth assistance in Brazil was traditionally performed by women. In 1832, however, a law was passed requiring a license for the exercise of medicine, pharmacy, and midwifery. That event marked the differentiation between the traditional and the modern kind of childbirth assistants, leading to an increasing process of medicalization of birth. Hence, the historiography on the subject has pointed out the appropriation by men of a traditional women’s world. This article seeks to understand the gender dynamics in the birthing room by focusing on the new kind of professional that emerged in Brazil in the early nineteenth century: the “graduated midwife.” To what extent was there cooperation or competition between physicians and graduated midwives? How different were their obstetrical practices? After examining the Annaes Brasiliensis de Medicina—the official publication of the Imperial Academy of Medicine—I argue that the graduated midwife was the historical intermediate in transitioning from traditional midwifery to scientific obstetrics. Finally, I conclude that, as a woman of science, the graduated midwife filled the gap that isolated the female sphere of care from the male sphere of science, paving the road for the entrance of women in medicine in 1879.","PeriodicalId":41517,"journal":{"name":"Architectural Histories","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84482630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-27DOI: 10.3390/histories1040021
A. Hoxha
After the establishment of the communist regime in Albania, many Albanian students, mainly males, went to study in the Mecca of Revolution—the Union of Soviet Socialist Republic (USSR). Many of them fell in love there and married Soviet girls who returned with them to the tiny Balkan country to build socialism with their Albanian husbands. These women were considered as missionaries who were helping Albania to build a communist future. In 1960, however, their position changed when the Albanian leadership refused de-Stalinization and denounced the Soviet Union as an imperialist power. After Enver Hoxha’s split with Khrushchev, many Soviet women left Albania, but others decided to remain with their husbands in that country. Albanian authorities, considering Soviet women spies of the KGB (The Soviet Committee of State Security), persecuted many of them.
{"title":"From Missionaries of Socialism to Spies of Imperialism: The Shifting Position of Soviet Women in Communist Albania","authors":"A. Hoxha","doi":"10.3390/histories1040021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/histories1040021","url":null,"abstract":"After the establishment of the communist regime in Albania, many Albanian students, mainly males, went to study in the Mecca of Revolution—the Union of Soviet Socialist Republic (USSR). Many of them fell in love there and married Soviet girls who returned with them to the tiny Balkan country to build socialism with their Albanian husbands. These women were considered as missionaries who were helping Albania to build a communist future. In 1960, however, their position changed when the Albanian leadership refused de-Stalinization and denounced the Soviet Union as an imperialist power. After Enver Hoxha’s split with Khrushchev, many Soviet women left Albania, but others decided to remain with their husbands in that country. Albanian authorities, considering Soviet women spies of the KGB (The Soviet Committee of State Security), persecuted many of them.","PeriodicalId":41517,"journal":{"name":"Architectural Histories","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86223145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-28DOI: 10.3390/histories1040020
Khaled Al-Kassimi
The (secular-humanist) philosophical theology governing (positivist) disciplines such as International Law and International Relations precludes a priori any communicative examination of how the exclusion of Arab-Ottoman jurisprudence is necessary for the ontological coherence of jurisprudent concepts such as society and sovereignty, together with teleological narratives constellating the “Age of Reason” such as modernity and civilization. The exercise of sovereignty by the British Crown—in 19th and 20th century Arabia—consisted of (positivist) legal doctrines comprising “scientific processes” denying Ottoman legal sovereignty, thereby proceeding to “order” societies situated in Dar al-Islam and “detach” Ottoman-Arab subjects from their Ummah. This “rational exercise” of power by the British Crown—mythologizing an unbridgeable epistemological gap between a Latin-European subject as civic and an objectified Ottoman-Arab as despotic—legalized (regulatory) measures referencing ethno/sect-centric paradigms which not only “deported” Ottoman-Arab ijtihad (Eng. legal reasoning and exegetic hermeneutics) from the realm of “international law”, but also rationalized geographic demarcations and demographic alterations across Ottoman-Arab vilayets. Both inter-related disciplines, therefore, affirm an “exclusionary self-image” when dealing with “foreign epistemologies” by transforming “cultural difference” into “legal difference”, thus suing that it is in the protection of jus gentium that “recognized sovereigns” exercise redeeming measures on “Turks”, “Moors”, or “Arabs”. It is precisely the knowledge lost ensuing from such irreflexive “positivist image” that this legal-historical research seeks to deconstruct by moving beyond a myopic analysis claiming Ottoman-Arab ‘Umran (Eng. civilization) as homme malade (i.e., sick man); or that the Caliphate attempted but failed to become reasonable during the 18th and 19th century because it adhered to Arab-Islamic philosophical theology. Therefore, this research commits to deconstructing “mainstream” Ottoman historiography claiming that tanzimat (Eng. reorganization) and tahdith (Eng. modernization) were simply “degenerative periods” affirming the temporal “backwardness” of Ottoman civilization and/or the innate incapacity of its epistemology in furnishing a (modern) civil society.
{"title":"De-Historicizing (Mainstream) Ottoman Historiography on Tanzimat and Tahdith: Jus Gentium and Pax Britannica Violate Osmanli Sovereignty in Arabia","authors":"Khaled Al-Kassimi","doi":"10.3390/histories1040020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/histories1040020","url":null,"abstract":"The (secular-humanist) philosophical theology governing (positivist) disciplines such as International Law and International Relations precludes a priori any communicative examination of how the exclusion of Arab-Ottoman jurisprudence is necessary for the ontological coherence of jurisprudent concepts such as society and sovereignty, together with teleological narratives constellating the “Age of Reason” such as modernity and civilization. The exercise of sovereignty by the British Crown—in 19th and 20th century Arabia—consisted of (positivist) legal doctrines comprising “scientific processes” denying Ottoman legal sovereignty, thereby proceeding to “order” societies situated in Dar al-Islam and “detach” Ottoman-Arab subjects from their Ummah. This “rational exercise” of power by the British Crown—mythologizing an unbridgeable epistemological gap between a Latin-European subject as civic and an objectified Ottoman-Arab as despotic—legalized (regulatory) measures referencing ethno/sect-centric paradigms which not only “deported” Ottoman-Arab ijtihad (Eng. legal reasoning and exegetic hermeneutics) from the realm of “international law”, but also rationalized geographic demarcations and demographic alterations across Ottoman-Arab vilayets. Both inter-related disciplines, therefore, affirm an “exclusionary self-image” when dealing with “foreign epistemologies” by transforming “cultural difference” into “legal difference”, thus suing that it is in the protection of jus gentium that “recognized sovereigns” exercise redeeming measures on “Turks”, “Moors”, or “Arabs”. It is precisely the knowledge lost ensuing from such irreflexive “positivist image” that this legal-historical research seeks to deconstruct by moving beyond a myopic analysis claiming Ottoman-Arab ‘Umran (Eng. civilization) as homme malade (i.e., sick man); or that the Caliphate attempted but failed to become reasonable during the 18th and 19th century because it adhered to Arab-Islamic philosophical theology. Therefore, this research commits to deconstructing “mainstream” Ottoman historiography claiming that tanzimat (Eng. reorganization) and tahdith (Eng. modernization) were simply “degenerative periods” affirming the temporal “backwardness” of Ottoman civilization and/or the innate incapacity of its epistemology in furnishing a (modern) civil society.","PeriodicalId":41517,"journal":{"name":"Architectural Histories","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75683329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The long 18th century was a period of intense investment in elite architecture in Britain which sustained an extensive craft culture in carving, modelling, and joinery. Yet decoration is largely marginalised or ignored by architectural historians. This antipathy to the enrichment of buildings is not particular to Britain and reflects a wider discourse on the architecture of many periods and places. By situating past and present attitudes to 18th-century decoration in Britain within a wider historiography, this paper reveals the prejudices which still attend the discussion of ornament and craft production in architecture. Conversely, it explores revisionist perspectives on craft and decoration and considers how they can inform architectural history and contribute to a more holistic understanding of building production. Despite a recent, widespread revival of interest in ornament, however, scholarship continues to privilege conceptual issues over the material practices of decoration. Disciplinary boundaries have militated against an integrated approach to architecture and decoration and historians of sculpture and architecture have overlooked significant common ground. Lacunae in the historiography of decoration in 18th-century British architecture call for approaches which integrate the analytical and methodological tools of architectural and sculpture history.
{"title":"Surface Value: Ways of Seeing Decoration in Architecture","authors":"C. Casey","doi":"10.5334/ah.534","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5334/ah.534","url":null,"abstract":"The long 18th century was a period of intense investment in elite architecture in Britain which sustained an extensive craft culture in carving, modelling, and joinery. Yet decoration is largely marginalised or ignored by architectural historians. This antipathy to the enrichment of buildings is not particular to Britain and reflects a wider discourse on the architecture of many periods and places. By situating past and present attitudes to 18th-century decoration in Britain within a wider historiography, this paper reveals the prejudices which still attend the discussion of ornament and craft production in architecture. Conversely, it explores revisionist perspectives on craft and decoration and considers how they can inform architectural history and contribute to a more holistic understanding of building production. Despite a recent, widespread revival of interest in ornament, however, scholarship continues to privilege conceptual issues over the material practices of decoration. Disciplinary boundaries have militated against an integrated approach to architecture and decoration and historians of sculpture and architecture have overlooked significant common ground. Lacunae in the historiography of decoration in 18th-century British architecture call for approaches which integrate the analytical and methodological tools of architectural and sculpture history.","PeriodicalId":41517,"journal":{"name":"Architectural Histories","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48846863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
At the sixth Milan Triennale in 1936, entitled ‘Continuity-Modernity’, Giuseppe Pagano and Edoardo Persico displayed two divergent but complementary ideological and aesthetic positions: leaning toward classicism and showcasing rural examples, respectively. This article focuses on how these two approaches share similarities with the idea of populism, a concept often associated with dictatorial regimes. Populism implies a defined and strict notion of people and of national identity. This article explores the relevance of the expression ‘andare verso il popolo’, here translated as ‘moving towards the people’, a term used by Pagano in an article in Casabella of 1935 to define what a national architecture could be. It also explores how architecture can be popular without being populist. The central argument is that the phrase ‘moving towards the people’ became a politicised expression embodying two contrasting conceptions of a populism in which architectural ideas playing a defining role. The context is the architectural discourse during the controversial period of the Fascist regime and the rationalist debate in Italy between 1928 and 1936. The two main venues of the architectural debate were Casabella, which the same Pagano and Persico had been editing since 1931, and Quadrante, founded by the intellectual and literary figures Pietro Maria Bardi and Massimo Bontempelli in 1933. The two different aesthetic positions of Persico and Pagano within the 1936 Triennale would later be associated with two contrasting lines of populism: one more conservative and associated with the Fascist regime, and the other more reactionary that influenced the resistenza of the left.
在1936年的第六届米兰三年展上，朱塞佩·帕加诺和爱德华多·佩西科分别展示了两种不同但互补的意识形态和美学立场：倾向古典主义和展示乡村范例。这篇文章的重点是这两种方法如何与民粹主义的概念有相似之处，民粹主义是一个经常与独裁政权联系在一起的概念。民粹主义意味着对人民和民族认同的一种明确而严格的概念。这篇文章探讨了“andare verso il popolo”这个词的相关性，这里翻译为“走向人民”，帕加诺在1935年卡萨贝拉的一篇文章中用这个词来定义什么是国家建筑。它还探讨了建筑如何在不民粹主义的情况下受欢迎。核心论点是，“走向人民”一词成为了一种政治化的表达，体现了民粹主义的两个截然不同的概念，建筑理念在民粹主义中发挥着决定性作用。背景是法西斯政权争议时期的建筑话语，以及1928年至1936年间意大利的理性主义辩论。建筑辩论的两个主要场所是Casabella和Quadrante，前者是帕加诺和佩西科自1931年以来一直在编辑的，后者是知识分子和文学人物Pietro Maria Bardi和Massimo Bontempelli于1933年创建的。佩西科和帕加诺在1936年三年展上的两种不同的美学立场后来与民粹主义的两条截然不同的路线联系在一起：一条更保守，与法西斯政权联系在一起，另一条更反动，影响了左翼的抵抗。
{"title":"‘Andare verso il popolo (Moving Towards the People)’: Classicism and Rural Architecture at the 1936 VI Italian Triennale","authors":"Daria Ricchi","doi":"10.5334/ah.451","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5334/ah.451","url":null,"abstract":"At the sixth Milan Triennale in 1936, entitled ‘Continuity-Modernity’, Giuseppe Pagano and Edoardo Persico displayed two divergent but complementary ideological and aesthetic positions: leaning toward classicism and showcasing rural examples, respectively. This article focuses on how these two approaches share similarities with the idea of populism, a concept often associated with dictatorial regimes. Populism implies a defined and strict notion of people and of national identity. This article explores the relevance of the expression ‘andare verso il popolo’, here translated as ‘moving towards the people’, a term used by Pagano in an article in Casabella of 1935 to define what a national architecture could be. It also explores how architecture can be popular without being populist. The central argument is that the phrase ‘moving towards the people’ became a politicised expression embodying two contrasting conceptions of a populism in which architectural ideas playing a defining role. The context is the architectural discourse during the controversial period of the Fascist regime and the rationalist debate in Italy between 1928 and 1936. The two main venues of the architectural debate were Casabella, which the same Pagano and Persico had been editing since 1931, and Quadrante, founded by the intellectual and literary figures Pietro Maria Bardi and Massimo Bontempelli in 1933. The two different aesthetic positions of Persico and Pagano within the 1936 Triennale would later be associated with two contrasting lines of populism: one more conservative and associated with the Fascist regime, and the other more reactionary that influenced the resistenza of the left.","PeriodicalId":41517,"journal":{"name":"Architectural Histories","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42816827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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