Pub Date : 2019-07-22DOI: 10.3989/LOQUENS.2019.061
Rana Almbark, Nadia Bouchhioua, Sam Hellmuth
This paper asks whether there is an ‘interlanguage intelligibility benefit’ in perception of word-stress, as has been reported for global sentence recognition. L1 English listeners, and L2 English listeners who are L1 speakers of Arabic dialects from Jordan and Egypt, performed a binary forced-choice identification task on English near-minimal pairs (such as[ˈɒbdʒɛkt] ~ [əbˈdʒɛkt]) produced by an L1 English speaker, and two L2 English speakers from Jordan and Egypt respectively. The results show an overall advantage for L1 English listeners, which replicates the findings of an earlier study for general sentence recognition, and which is also consistent with earlier findings that L1 listeners rely more on structural knowledge than on acoustic cues in stress perception. Non-target-like L2 productions of words with final stress (which are primarily cued in L1 production by vowel reduction in the initial unstressed syllable) were less accurately recognized by L1 English listeners than by L2 listeners, but there was no evidence of a generalized advantage for L2 listeners in response to other L2 stimuli.
这篇论文提出了一个问题，即在对单词重音的感知中是否存在“中介语可理解性的好处”，就像在全球句子识别中所报道的那样。来自约旦和埃及的母语为阿拉伯语方言的母语英语听众和来自约旦和埃及的二语英语听众分别对一名母语英语人士和两名来自约旦和埃及的二语英语人士所产生的英语近最小对(如[[[]]bd []] ~ [[] b [] d[]])进行了二元强迫选择识别任务。结果显示，母语英语的听者总体上具有优势，这与之前一项关于一般句子识别的研究结果一致，也与之前的研究结果一致，即母语听者在压力感知中更多地依赖于结构知识而不是声音线索。母语英语的听者比第二语言的听者更不准确地识别出带有最终重音的非目标型第二语言产生的单词(这主要是由初始非重读音节的元音略读引起的)，但没有证据表明第二语言听者在对其他第二语言刺激的反应中具有普遍的优势。
{"title":"Is there an interlanguage intelligibility benefit in perception of English word stress?","authors":"Rana Almbark, Nadia Bouchhioua, Sam Hellmuth","doi":"10.3989/LOQUENS.2019.061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3989/LOQUENS.2019.061","url":null,"abstract":"This paper asks whether there is an ‘interlanguage intelligibility benefit’ in perception of word-stress, as has been reported for global sentence recognition. L1 English listeners, and L2 English listeners who are L1 speakers of Arabic dialects from Jordan and Egypt, performed a binary forced-choice identification task on English near-minimal pairs (such as[ˈɒbdʒɛkt] ~ [əbˈdʒɛkt]) produced by an L1 English speaker, and two L2 English speakers from Jordan and Egypt respectively. The results show an overall advantage for L1 English listeners, which replicates the findings of an earlier study for general sentence recognition, and which is also consistent with earlier findings that L1 listeners rely more on structural knowledge than on acoustic cues in stress perception. Non-target-like L2 productions of words with final stress (which are primarily cued in L1 production by vowel reduction in the initial unstressed syllable) were less accurately recognized by L1 English listeners than by L2 listeners, but there was no evidence of a generalized advantage for L2 listeners in response to other L2 stimuli.","PeriodicalId":41541,"journal":{"name":"Loquens","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42125620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-04DOI: 10.3989/LOQUENS.2019.060
E. Pellegrino
Speech rhythm varies noticeably from language to language, and within the same language as a function of numerous linguistic, prosodic and speaker-dependent factors, among which is the speaker’s age. Cross-sectional studies comparing the acoustic characteristics of young and old voices have documented that healthy aging affects speech rhythm variability. This kind of studies, however, presents one fundamental limitation: They group together people with different life experiences, healthy conditions and aging rate. This makes it very difficult to disentangle the effect of aging from that of other factors when interpreting the rhythmic differences between younger and older adults. In the present paper, we overcame such difficulty by tracing rhythmic variability within one single individual longitudinally. We examined 5 public talks held by Noam Chomsky, from when he was 40 to when he was 89. Within-speaker rhythmic variability was quantified through a variety of rate measures (segment/consonant and vowel rate) and rhythmic metrics (%V, %Vn, nPVI-V, n-PVI-C). The results showed that physiological aging affected speech rate measures, but not the durational characteristics of vocalic and consonantal intervals. More longitudinal data from numerous speakers of the same language are necessary to identify generalizable patterns in age-related rhythmic variability.
{"title":"The effect of healthy aging on within-speaker rhythmic variability: A case study on Noam Chomsky","authors":"E. Pellegrino","doi":"10.3989/LOQUENS.2019.060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3989/LOQUENS.2019.060","url":null,"abstract":"Speech rhythm varies noticeably from language to language, and within the same language as a function of numerous linguistic, prosodic and speaker-dependent factors, among which is the speaker’s age. Cross-sectional studies comparing the acoustic characteristics of young and old voices have documented that healthy aging affects speech rhythm variability. This kind of studies, however, presents one fundamental limitation: They group together people with different life experiences, healthy conditions and aging rate. This makes it very difficult to disentangle the effect of aging from that of other factors when interpreting the rhythmic differences between younger and older adults. In the present paper, we overcame such difficulty by tracing rhythmic variability within one single individual longitudinally. We examined 5 public talks held by Noam Chomsky, from when he was 40 to when he was 89. Within-speaker rhythmic variability was quantified through a variety of rate measures (segment/consonant and vowel rate) and rhythmic metrics (%V, %Vn, nPVI-V, n-PVI-C). The results showed that physiological aging affected speech rate measures, but not the durational characteristics of vocalic and consonantal intervals. More longitudinal data from numerous speakers of the same language are necessary to identify generalizable patterns in age-related rhythmic variability.","PeriodicalId":41541,"journal":{"name":"Loquens","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43144196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-03DOI: 10.3989/LOQUENS.2019.059
João Veloso
Oral and written productions of language seem to correspond to ontologically separate entities. In this paper, we shall not argue against this basic assumption. However, it will be proposed that a careful examination of the writing systems and of particular written productions can provide phonologists with important information about the nature of phonological representations. Writing systems often originate in relevant intuitions about the nature of phonological units and phenomena and preserve the morphophonemic kinships between roots and words that are surfaced as phonetically distinct. The same can be said about the written productions of pre-school children and illiterate adults, strongly shaped by phonological intuitions rather than by orthographic convention. Bearing in mind that phonology, within the generative approach that is adopted here, is a form of knowledge, spelling can be accepted as a way of getting access to phonological knowledge. Therefore, our main point is that, in spite of the classical divide between spoken and written language, attention to writing can be useful for the understanding of the phonological level, too. The article includes two main parts: firstly, on Sections 2 and 3, we shall survey some general aspects of the relation between phonological and written representations; the second part consists mainly of Section 4 and attempts to illustrate some of the topics presented in Sections 2 and 3 with some data of a small-scale study with Portuguese pre-schoolers.
{"title":"Phonology and Writing: Can we look at written productions to “see the unseeable” in phonology?","authors":"João Veloso","doi":"10.3989/LOQUENS.2019.059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3989/LOQUENS.2019.059","url":null,"abstract":"Oral and written productions of language seem to correspond to ontologically separate entities. In this paper, we shall not argue against this basic assumption. However, it will be proposed that a careful examination of the writing systems and of particular written productions can provide phonologists with important information about the nature of phonological representations. Writing systems often originate in relevant intuitions about the nature of phonological units and phenomena and preserve the morphophonemic kinships between roots and words that are surfaced as phonetically distinct. The same can be said about the written productions of pre-school children and illiterate adults, strongly shaped by phonological intuitions rather than by orthographic convention. Bearing in mind that phonology, within the generative approach that is adopted here, is a form of knowledge, spelling can be accepted as a way of getting access to phonological knowledge. Therefore, our main point is that, in spite of the classical divide between spoken and written language, attention to writing can be useful for the understanding of the phonological level, too. The article includes two main parts: firstly, on Sections 2 and 3, we shall survey some general aspects of the relation between phonological and written representations; the second part consists mainly of Section 4 and attempts to illustrate some of the topics presented in Sections 2 and 3 with some data of a small-scale study with Portuguese pre-schoolers.","PeriodicalId":41541,"journal":{"name":"Loquens","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43862030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-27DOI: 10.3989/LOQUENS.2019.058
J. Delgado-Hernández, Nieves M. León-Gómez, A. Jiménez-Álvarez
The smoothed cepstral peak prominence (CPPS) is an acoustic measure that can be calculated in both sustained vowels and continuous speech. The goal of this work is to find out the diagnostic accuracy of CPPS in the detection of dysphonia in Spanish. In this study 136 subjects with dysphonia and 47 healthy subjects participated. For each subject a sustained vowel and the reading of three phonetically balanced sentences were recorded. The CPPS was calculated with Praat using its default configuration (configuration 1), and also with the one used in the calculation of the Acoustic Voice Quality Index (configuration 2). Five experts perceptively assessed the voice of the subjects in the sample by means of the GRABS scale. The CPPS has a great power of discrimination between the normal and the pathological voice, whether it is calculated from the sustained vowel /a/ (AROC[config. 1] = 0.863 and AROC[config. 2] = 0.841) or whether it is calculated from the sentences (AROC[config. 1] = 0.884 and AROC[config. 2] = 0.866). The results confirm that CPPS is a valid acoustic measurement to detect dysphonia in the Spanish language.
{"title":"Diagnostic accuracy of the Smoothed Cepstral Peak Prominence (CPPS) in the detection of dysphonia in the Spanish language","authors":"J. Delgado-Hernández, Nieves M. León-Gómez, A. Jiménez-Álvarez","doi":"10.3989/LOQUENS.2019.058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3989/LOQUENS.2019.058","url":null,"abstract":"The smoothed cepstral peak prominence (CPPS) is an acoustic measure that can be calculated in both sustained vowels and continuous speech. The goal of this work is to find out the diagnostic accuracy of CPPS in the detection of dysphonia in Spanish. \u0000In this study 136 subjects with dysphonia and 47 healthy subjects participated. For each subject a sustained vowel and the reading of three phonetically balanced sentences were recorded. The CPPS was calculated with Praat using its default configuration (configuration 1), and also with the one used in the calculation of the Acoustic Voice Quality Index (configuration 2). Five experts perceptively assessed the voice of the subjects in the sample by means of the GRABS scale. \u0000The CPPS has a great power of discrimination between the normal and the pathological voice, whether it is calculated from the sustained vowel /a/ (AROC[config. 1] = 0.863 and AROC[config. 2] = 0.841) or whether it is calculated from the sentences (AROC[config. 1] = 0.884 and AROC[config. 2] = 0.866). \u0000The results confirm that CPPS is a valid acoustic measurement to detect dysphonia in the Spanish language.","PeriodicalId":41541,"journal":{"name":"Loquens","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44006474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-27DOI: 10.3989/LOQUENS.2019.057
D. Recasens
The present paper analyzes the typology of cases of gestural blending in sequences of homorganic phonetic segments and indicates how gestural blending mechanisms differ from other processes of intersegmental adaptation commonly referred to as coarticulation and assimilation. The article establishes a distinction between three gestural blending types: by static intermediation, by dynamic intermediation, and by articulatory overlap. These mechanisms are analyzed with lingual configuration and linguopalatal contact data for sequences of lingual consonants from Catalan and other languages. An interpretation of gestural blending mechanisms is proposed which is based on notions such as the degree of articulatory adaptability of different lingual regions and the manner of articulation requirements for the consonants involved.
{"title":"Typology of mixing articulatory gestures in phonetics and phonology","authors":"D. Recasens","doi":"10.3989/LOQUENS.2019.057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3989/LOQUENS.2019.057","url":null,"abstract":"The present paper analyzes the typology of cases of gestural blending in sequences of homorganic phonetic segments and indicates how gestural blending mechanisms differ from other processes of intersegmental adaptation commonly referred to as coarticulation and assimilation. The article establishes a distinction between three gestural blending types: by static intermediation, by dynamic intermediation, and by articulatory overlap. These mechanisms are analyzed with lingual configuration and linguopalatal contact data for sequences of lingual consonants from Catalan and other languages. An interpretation of gestural blending mechanisms is proposed which is based on notions such as the degree of articulatory adaptability of different lingual regions and the manner of articulation requirements for the consonants involved.","PeriodicalId":41541,"journal":{"name":"Loquens","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41989912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-14DOI: 10.3989/loquens.2018.055
J. Domínguez
I suffer from tinnitus since many years ago. I am one of millions with this rather incapacitating and adverse problem. In a similar way to many other patients, I reached the vast information existing in forums and websites, with an interest in analyzing, studying, and researching the subject of tinnitus. This allowed me to get insights into drugs ototoxicity, sound therapies, and counselling, as well as to implement tutorial videos. Thus, the main goal of this article is both to provide to other patients my own testimony as a tinnitus sufferer and to show to the tinnitus specialists the studies and research that have allowed me to suggest a musical neuromodulation therapy. Furthermore, a call to the therapeutic community is made about the necessity of implementing a common protocol of tinnitus treatment, both in primary and specialized care, with a special reference to the scientific community to continue researching on the mechanisms and future therapies of tinnitus.
{"title":"Tinnitus from the perspective of a patient","authors":"J. Domínguez","doi":"10.3989/loquens.2018.055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3989/loquens.2018.055","url":null,"abstract":"I suffer from tinnitus since many years ago. I am one of millions with this rather incapacitating and adverse problem. In a similar way to many other patients, I reached the vast information existing in forums and websites, with an interest in analyzing, studying, and researching the subject of tinnitus. This allowed me to get insights into drugs ototoxicity, sound therapies, and counselling, as well as to implement tutorial videos. Thus, the main goal of this article is both to provide to other patients my own testimony as a tinnitus sufferer and to show to the tinnitus specialists the studies and research that have allowed me to suggest a musical neuromodulation therapy. Furthermore, a call to the therapeutic community is made about the necessity of implementing a common protocol of tinnitus treatment, both in primary and specialized care, with a special reference to the scientific community to continue researching on the mechanisms and future therapies of tinnitus.","PeriodicalId":41541,"journal":{"name":"Loquens","volume":"5 1","pages":"055"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70256504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-11DOI: 10.3989/LOQUENS.2018.056
Christiam Garzón Pico
Tinnitus is the perception of sound in the absence of an external acoustic estimation. However, Jastreboff and Jastreboff (2000) define it as the perception of sound resulting from the activity of the nervous system, without any mechanical vibratory activity in the cochlea (p. 163). Although nowadays this pathology has no cure, recent studies demonstrate that proper therapies can provide some relief if they are applied in an early stage. This work is the description of the procedure for the recruitment of valid patients, and the collection of documentation of their clinical histories, prior to the experimental validation of Enriched Acoustic Environment therapy (EAE). It is the first time that a validation of this therapy has been carried out in Ecuador; consequently, several demographic factors must also be taken into account, since the social, cultural, climatological, and geographical characteristics could be of importance.
{"title":"Impact of the recruitment survey of tinnitus patients for the validation of Enriched Acoustic Environment therapy in Ecuador","authors":"Christiam Garzón Pico","doi":"10.3989/LOQUENS.2018.056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3989/LOQUENS.2018.056","url":null,"abstract":"Tinnitus is the perception of sound in the absence of an external acoustic estimation. However, Jastreboff and Jastreboff (2000) define it as the perception of sound resulting from the activity of the nervous system, without any mechanical vibratory activity in the cochlea (p. 163). Although nowadays this pathology has no cure, recent studies demonstrate that proper therapies can provide some relief if they are applied in an early stage. This work is the description of the procedure for the recruitment of valid patients, and the collection of documentation of their clinical histories, prior to the experimental validation of Enriched Acoustic Environment therapy (EAE). \u0000It is the first time that a validation of this therapy has been carried out in Ecuador; consequently, several demographic factors must also be taken into account, since the social, cultural, climatological, and geographical characteristics could be of importance.","PeriodicalId":41541,"journal":{"name":"Loquens","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45866037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-10DOI: 10.3989/LOQUENS.2018.054
M. Cuesta, P. Cobo
Although tinnitus, the conscious perception of a sound without a sound source external or internal to the body, is highly correlated with hearing loss, the precise nature of such correlation remains still unknown. People with high pitch tinnitus are used to suffer from high frequency hearing losses, and vice versa, low pitch tinnitus is mostly associated with low frequency hearing losses. However, many subjects with low or high frequency losses do no develop tinnitus. Thus, studies trying to relate audiometric characteristics and tinnitus features are still relevant. This article presents a correlational study of audiometric and tinnitus variables in a sample of 34 subjects, paying special attention to the heterogeneous subtypes of both audiometry shape and tinnitus etiology. Our results, which concur with others previously published, demonstrate that the tinnitus pitch, the main frequency of the tinnitus spectrum, in subjects with high-steep high-frequency and continuously steep hearing losses, are highly correlated with the frequency at which hearing loss reaches 50 dB HL.
尽管耳鸣，即对身体外部或内部没有声源的声音的有意识感知，与听力损失高度相关，但这种相关性的确切性质仍然未知。患有高音耳鸣的人习惯于遭受高频听力损失，反之亦然，低音耳鸣大多与低频听力损失有关。然而，许多低频或高频损失的受试者不会出现耳鸣。因此，试图将听力测量特征与耳鸣特征联系起来的研究仍然是相关的。本文对34名受试者的听力测量和耳鸣变量进行了相关性研究，特别关注听力测量形状和耳鸣病因的异质亚型。我们的研究结果与之前发表的其他研究结果一致，表明在具有高陡高频和连续陡听力损失的受试者中，耳鸣音高（耳鸣频谱的主要频率）与听力损失达到50 dB HL的频率高度相关。
{"title":"Relating tinnitus features and audiometric characteristics in a cohort of 34 tinnitus subjects","authors":"M. Cuesta, P. Cobo","doi":"10.3989/LOQUENS.2018.054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3989/LOQUENS.2018.054","url":null,"abstract":"Although tinnitus, the conscious perception of a sound without a sound source external or internal to the body, is highly correlated with hearing loss, the precise nature of such correlation remains still unknown. People with high pitch tinnitus are used to suffer from high frequency hearing losses, and vice versa, low pitch tinnitus is mostly associated with low frequency hearing losses. However, many subjects with low or high frequency losses do no develop tinnitus. Thus, studies trying to relate audiometric characteristics and tinnitus features are still relevant. This article presents a correlational study of audiometric and tinnitus variables in a sample of 34 subjects, paying special attention to the heterogeneous subtypes of both audiometry shape and tinnitus etiology. Our results, which concur with others previously published, demonstrate that the tinnitus pitch, the main frequency of the tinnitus spectrum, in subjects with high-steep high-frequency and continuously steep hearing losses, are highly correlated with the frequency at which hearing loss reaches 50 dB HL.","PeriodicalId":41541,"journal":{"name":"Loquens","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44945733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-09DOI: 10.3989/LOQUENS.2018.053
M. Pedemonte, M. Díaz, Eduardo Medina-Ferret, M. Testa
It is known that auditory information is continuously processed both during wakefulness and sleep. Consistently, it has been shown that sound stimulation mimicking tinnitus during sleep decreases the intensity of tinnitus and improves the patients’ quality of life. The mechanisms underlying this effect are not known. To begin to address this question, eleven patients suffering from tinnitus were stimulated with sound mimicking tinnitus at different sleep stages; 4 were stimulated in N2, 4 in stage N3 (slow waves sleep) and 3 in REM sleep (stage with Rapid Eyes Movements). Patients’ sleep stage was monitored through polysomnography, for sound stimulation application. Tinnitus level reported by subjects were compared the days before and after stimulation and statistically analyzed (paired Student t test). All patients stimulated at stage N2 reported significantly lower tinnitus intensity the day after stimulation, while none stimulated during stage N3 and only one out of three stimulated during REM sleep showed changes. These results are consistent with studies showing that sound stimulation during N2 (sleep stage with spindles) changes power spectrum and coherence of electroencephalographic signals, and suggest that the N2 sleep stage is a critical period for reducing tinnitus intensity using this therapeutic strategy, during which auditory processing networks are more malleable by sound stimulation.
{"title":"Impact of sound stimulation during different sleep stages in patients with tinnitus","authors":"M. Pedemonte, M. Díaz, Eduardo Medina-Ferret, M. Testa","doi":"10.3989/LOQUENS.2018.053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3989/LOQUENS.2018.053","url":null,"abstract":"It is known that auditory information is continuously processed both during wakefulness and sleep. Consistently, it has been shown that sound stimulation mimicking tinnitus during sleep decreases the intensity of tinnitus and improves the patients’ quality of life. The mechanisms underlying this effect are not known. To begin to address this question, eleven patients suffering from tinnitus were stimulated with sound mimicking tinnitus at different sleep stages; 4 were stimulated in N2, 4 in stage N3 (slow waves sleep) and 3 in REM sleep (stage with Rapid Eyes Movements). Patients’ sleep stage was monitored through polysomnography, for sound stimulation application. Tinnitus level reported by subjects were compared the days before and after stimulation and statistically analyzed (paired Student t test). All patients stimulated at stage N2 reported significantly lower tinnitus intensity the day after stimulation, while none stimulated during stage N3 and only one out of three stimulated during REM sleep showed changes. These results are consistent with studies showing that sound stimulation during N2 (sleep stage with spindles) changes power spectrum and coherence of electroencephalographic signals, and suggest that the N2 sleep stage is a critical period for reducing tinnitus intensity using this therapeutic strategy, during which auditory processing networks are more malleable by sound stimulation.","PeriodicalId":41541,"journal":{"name":"Loquens","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45916683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-08DOI: 10.3989/LOQUENS.2018.051
Pedro Cobo
Tinnitus, the conscious perception of a sound in absence of any source outside or inside the body, arises when the sub-cortical or cortical auditory system tries to compensate a deficit of peripheral information, due to aberrant brain plasticity, by increasing the spontaneous rate of spikes, altering the excitatory/inhibitory balance in synapses, or modifying the tonotopic distribution of frequencies in the primary auditory cortex. It consists of a pathology of the sub-cortical and cortical parts of the auditory system triggered by a malfunctioning of the peripheral part. Therefore, a correct approach to tinnitus should involve specialists in the different parts of the auditory system. Given the multidisciplinary nature of tinnitus, the contribution of five articles authored by different specialists from the clinical and research fields are included in this special issue.
{"title":"A multidisplinary approach to tinnitus","authors":"Pedro Cobo","doi":"10.3989/LOQUENS.2018.051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3989/LOQUENS.2018.051","url":null,"abstract":"Tinnitus, the conscious perception of a sound in absence of any source outside or inside the body, arises when the sub-cortical or cortical auditory system tries to compensate a deficit of peripheral information, due to aberrant brain plasticity, by increasing the spontaneous rate of spikes, altering the excitatory/inhibitory balance in synapses, or modifying the tonotopic distribution of frequencies in the primary auditory cortex. It consists of a pathology of the sub-cortical and cortical parts of the auditory system triggered by a malfunctioning of the peripheral part. Therefore, a correct approach to tinnitus should involve specialists in the different parts of the auditory system. Given the multidisciplinary nature of tinnitus, the contribution of five articles authored by different specialists from the clinical and research fields are included in this special issue.","PeriodicalId":41541,"journal":{"name":"Loquens","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48342689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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