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First transcriptions of Spanish in Le Maître Phonétique (1888-1901) 《语音学大师》(1888-1901)中西班牙语的第一个抄本
Q4 LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2023-06-09 DOI: 10.3989/loquens.2022.e092
Francisco Javier Perea Siller
Lǝ mɛ:tr fɔnetik (Le maître phonétique) gathers the first attempts to transcribe texts in Spanish based on the phonetic alphabet published in 1888. We have a large number of phonetic transcriptions from 1888, but we will focus on the period until 1901. Some of them have the name of their author (namely by Tomás Escriche y Fernando Araujo) while others appear without authorship. Furthermore, the journal hosts the theoretical debate around the sounds of Spanish that should be considered in the phonetic transcriptions. We will examine the terms in which the discussion is developed, as well as the improvement of the transcriptions over these years which are keys to the configuration of phonetics as a scientific discipline.
Lǝmõ:tr fõnetik(Le maître phonétique)收集了第一次基于1888年出版的音标用西班牙语转录文本的尝试。我们有大量1888年的音标,但我们将重点关注1901年之前的这一时期。其中一些有作者的名字(即Tomás Escriche和Fernando Araujo),而另一些则没有作者的名字。此外,该杂志还围绕西班牙语的发音展开了理论辩论,这些发音应该在语音转录中考虑。我们将研究讨论发展的术语,以及这些年来转录的改进,这是语音作为一门科学学科配置的关键。
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引用次数: 0
L2 rhythm acquisition and rhythmic transfer in Galician learners of English: A pilot study 加利西亚英语学习者二语节奏习得与节奏迁移的初步研究
Q4 LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2023-06-09 DOI: 10.3989/loquens.2022.087
Rosalía Rodríguez-Vázquez, P. Roseano
Languages have been classified with regard to their rhythm into stress-timed, syllable-timed and mora-timed languages. The aim of this pilot study is to verify the existence of rhythmic transfer from a syllable-timed language, Galician (L1), to the English spoken by Galician learners (L2), as well as to determine whether the proficiency level in the L2 may have an effect on the degree of rhythmic transfer observed. Two groups of six Galician learners of English and two groups of six native speakers of Galician and Southern British English were recorded and analyzed. Rhythm metrics (ΔC, %V, ΔV, CrPVI, and VnPVI) were calculated for all four groups so as to have objective measures to compare the rhythm of the source language (Galician), the rhythm of the target language (English), and the rhythm of the learner language at different proficiency levels. The data show that there is rhythmic transfer between Galician and English L2, and that the degree of transfer decreases as the proficiency level in the L2 increases.
语言按其节奏可分为重音时语言、音节时语言和莫拉时语言。这项试点研究的目的是验证从音节计时语言加利西亚语(L1)到加利西亚学习者所说英语(L2)的节奏转移的存在,并确定第二语言的熟练程度是否会对观察到的节奏转移程度产生影响。记录并分析了两组六名加利西亚英语学习者和两组六位以加利西亚语和英国南部英语为母语的人。计算了所有四组的节奏指标(ΔC、%V、ΔV、CrPVI和VnPVI),以便在不同的熟练程度上比较源语言(加利西亚语)的节奏、目标语言(英语)的节奏和学习者语言的节奏。数据表明,加利西亚语和英语二语之间存在节奏迁移,并且迁移程度随着二语熟练程度的提高而降低。
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引用次数: 0
Foot duration and polysyllabic shortening among Arab speakers of English 说英语的阿拉伯人的足长和多音节缩短
Q4 LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2023-06-09 DOI: 10.3989/loquens.2022.e091
Mohammed Nour Abu Guba
This study investigates a neglected aspect of second language acquisition. It compares the timing patterns adopted by speakers of English as a foreign language with those of English native speakers. The paper aims to explore the extent to which Arab speakers, whose L1 is not as stress-timed as English is, can acquire the mechanisms of polysyllabic shortening in English. Three groups (English native speakers and two groups of Jordanian speakers of English) were requested to read three sets of monosyllabic, disyllabic and trisyllabic words in a carrier sentence. The total length of the word and the vowel duration in all the words were measured. Clear differences between the native speaker group and the non-native speaker groups were attested. Results show that isochronous foot duration and polysyllabic shortening are a tendency in English speech timing, rather than a fundamental process. Furthermore, acquiring the timing patterns of the stress-timed English rhythm is challenging to Arab speakers.
本研究探讨了二语习得中一个被忽视的方面。它比较了以英语为外语的人与以英语为母语的人所采用的时间模式。本文旨在探讨母语不像英语那样具有重音时间的阿拉伯语使用者在多大程度上习得英语多音节缩短的机制。要求三组(英语母语者和两组讲英语的约旦人)阅读一个载句中的三组单音节、双音节和三音节单词。测量了所有单词的总长度和元音持续时间。母语组和非母语组之间存在明显差异。结果表明,等时足时和多音节缩短是英语语音计时的一种趋势,而非基本过程。此外,掌握英语重音节奏的时间模式对说阿拉伯语的人来说是一个挑战。
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引用次数: 0
Cross-Linguistic Comparison of the Pitch and Temporal Profiles between L1 and Chinese L2 Speakers of Spanish 母语和汉语二语西班牙语使用者的音高和时间特征的跨语言比较
Q4 LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2023-06-09 DOI: 10.3989/loquens.2022.e086
Peizhu Shang
Cross-linguistic studies between intonational languages suggest that there is a universal trend during the L2 learning process regarding pitch and temporal characteristics. We extend these hypotheses to Chinese learners of Peninsular Spanish-a new pairing of tone and non-tone languages. Using six pitch and temporal metrics, we examine how Chinese learners’ pitch and temporal profiles deviated from those of L1 native speakers and explore the factors that may contribute to L2 speech deviations. The Discourse Completion Task was conducted to elicit five question types produced by 37 participants, who were divided into three language groups. Consistent with previous literature, our study shows that Chinese L2 learners had a compression of pitch span (at both the utterance and syllable levels) and pitch variability, as well as a strong reduction of pitch change rate, speech rate, and articulation rate compared to L1 Spanish speakers. Most pitch and temporal deviations in L2 Spanish intonation are closely linked to psychological and cognitive attributes rather than being determined by physiological factors or L1 tonal transfer. Moreover, the lack of prosodic knowledge of the target intonation patterns concerning the different question types may also hinder L2 learners from approaching a native-like pitch and temporal profile.
语调语言之间的跨语言研究表明,在二语学习过程中,音高和时间特征有一个普遍的趋势。我们将这些假设扩展到半岛西班牙语的中国学习者-一种新的声调和非声调语言配对。本文采用六个音高和时间指标,考察了中国学习者的音高和时间特征与母语人士的差异,并探讨了可能导致二语语音偏差的因素。话语完成任务是由37名参与者提出的五种问题类型进行的,他们被分为三个语言组。与先前的文献一致,我们的研究表明,与母语西班牙语者相比,中国第二语言学习者的音高跨度(在发音和音节水平上)和音高变异性受到压缩,音高变化率、说话率和发音率也大幅降低。大多数二语西班牙语语调的音高和时间偏差与心理和认知属性密切相关,而不是由生理因素或母语语调迁移决定的。此外,缺乏对不同问题类型的目标语调模式的韵律知识也可能阻碍二语学习者接近母语的音高和时间轮廓。
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引用次数: 0
Comparison of intensity-based methods for automatic speech rate computation 基于强度的语音速率自动计算方法的比较
Q4 LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2023-06-09 DOI: 10.3989/loquens.2022.e090
Wendy Elvira-García, M. Farrús, Juan María Garrido Almiñana
Automatic computation of speech rate is a necessary task in a wide range of applications that require this prosodic feature, in which a manual transcription and time alignments are not available. Several tools have been developed to this end, but not enough research has been conducted yet to see to what extent they are scalable to other languages. In the present work, we take two off-the- shelf tools designed for automatic speech rate computation and already tested for Dutch and English (v1, which relies on intensity peaks preceded by an intensity dip to find syllable nuclei and v3, which relies on intensity peaks surrounded by dips) and we apply them to read and spontaneous Spanish speech. Then, we test which of them offers the best performance. The results obtained with precision and normalized mean squared error metrics showed that v3 performs better than v1. However, recall measurement shows a better performance of v1, which suggests that a more fine-grained analysis on sensitivity and specificity is needed to select the best option depending on the application we are dealing with.
在需要这种韵律特征的广泛应用中,语音速率的自动计算是一项必要的任务,在这些应用中,手动转录和时间比对是不可用的。为此已经开发了几种工具,但还没有进行足够的研究来了解它们在多大程度上可以扩展到其他语言。在目前的工作中,我们采用了两种现成的工具,它们是为自动语速计算而设计的,并且已经在荷兰语和英语中进行了测试(v1,它依赖于强度峰值之前的强度下降来找到音节核,v3,它依赖着强度峰值周围的下降),我们将它们应用于阅读和自发的西班牙语语音。然后,我们测试它们中哪一个提供了最好的性能。用精度和归一化均方误差度量获得的结果表明,v3的性能优于v1。然而,召回测量显示v1的性能更好,这表明需要对敏感性和特异性进行更精细的分析,以根据我们正在处理的应用程序选择最佳选项。
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引用次数: 0
Sex, acoustic space and vowel centralization in Bogota Spanish 波哥大西班牙语的性别、声学空间与元音集中
Q4 LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2022-11-21 DOI: 10.3989/loquens.2021.084
Alejandro Correa
The present study analyses sex-specific differences in acoustic vowel space area (VSA), formant centralization ratio (FCR) and vowel dispersion in Bogota Spanish. In addition, we explore the relationship between speaking fundamental frequency (f0), an acoustic parameter that conveys speaker sex information, and VSA. Results suggest that, in line with previous research, females have a larger VSA than males. However, some speakers produce vowels that show the opposite pattern to the gender stereotype. Formant centralization and vowel dispersion are related to individual phonetic differences and vowel type respectively. Finally, results show that speakers with a higher average f0 also have larger vowel spaces.
本研究分析了波哥大西班牙语元音空间面积(VSA)、共振峰集中率(FCR)和元音离散度的性别差异。此外,我们还探讨了说话基频(f0)和VSA之间的关系。f0是一个传递说话者性别信息的声学参数。结果表明,与之前的研究一致,女性的VSA比男性大。然而,有些说话者的元音与性别刻板印象相反。词形集中和元音分散分别与个体语音差异和元音类型有关。最后,结果表明,平均f0较高的说话人也有较大的元音空间。
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引用次数: 0
Sentence topics in Italian: An analysis on the CHROME Corpus 基于CHROME语料库的意大利语句子主题分析
Q4 LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2022-11-21 DOI: 10.3989/loquens.2021.083
Iolanda Alfano, Violetta Cataldo, Riccardo Orrico, Loredana Schettino
The present study deals with the phonetic description of sentence topics in Italian tourist guides’ speech. Topical coherence characterizes the communicative strategies that human experts adopt when delivering contents to the visitors of cultural sites. Topical progression, which ensures temporal, spatial, and referential continuity, is frequently expressed by sentence topics as well. The relevant literature generally supports the idea of a topic accent and a rising-falling (or “hat”) contour is described as the most frequent for the unmarked topic in Italian utterance structures, but other realizations are also possible. The hypothesis that we want to test in this work is whether this variability is due to specific factors. Hence, we investigate phonetic realization of sentence topics as a function of syntactic features -structure, function and weight- and textual-pragmatic features -discourse role considering ±aboutness, ±contrastiveness, ±givenness-. Specifically, tonal events, i.e., accents and boundaries, phonetic phrasing, and disfluency phenomena were investigated. Results show that both syntactic and pragmatic factors play a role in the phonetic realization of topics, though they act at different levels. In particular, disfluencies are found to be affected by syntactic weight and givenness, while tonal events seem to depend mainly on the discourse role.
本文研究了意大利导游言语中句子主题的语音描述。主题连贯性是人类专家在向文化遗址的访问者传递内容时所采用的交流策略的特征。主题进行确保了时间、空间和指称的连续性,也经常通过句子主题来表达。相关文献通常支持主题重音的观点,上升-下降(或“帽子”)轮廓被描述为意大利话语结构中无标记主题最常见的轮廓,但其他实现也是可能的。我们想在这项工作中检验的假设是,这种可变性是否是由特定因素造成的。因此,我们研究了句子主题的语音实现作为句法特征(结构、功能和权重)和语篇语用特征(考虑“大约性”、“对比性”和“给予性”的话语作用)的函数。具体来说,音调事件,即重音和边界,语音短语和不流畅现象被调查。研究结果表明,句法因素和语用因素都对主题的语音实现起到了一定的作用,尽管它们的作用水平不同。特别是,不连贯性受到句法权重和给定性的影响,而语气事件似乎主要取决于话语角色。
{"title":"Sentence topics in Italian: An analysis on the CHROME Corpus","authors":"Iolanda Alfano, Violetta Cataldo, Riccardo Orrico, Loredana Schettino","doi":"10.3989/loquens.2021.083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3989/loquens.2021.083","url":null,"abstract":"The present study deals with the phonetic description of sentence topics in Italian tourist guides’ speech. Topical coherence characterizes the communicative strategies that human experts adopt when delivering contents to the visitors of cultural sites. Topical progression, which ensures temporal, spatial, and referential continuity, is frequently expressed by sentence topics as well. \u0000The relevant literature generally supports the idea of a topic accent and a rising-falling (or “hat”) contour is described as the most frequent for the unmarked topic in Italian utterance structures, but other realizations are also possible. The hypothesis that we want to test in this work is whether this variability is due to specific factors. Hence, we investigate phonetic realization of sentence topics as a function of syntactic features -structure, function and weight- and textual-pragmatic features -discourse role considering ±aboutness, ±contrastiveness, ±givenness-. Specifically, tonal events, i.e., accents and boundaries, phonetic phrasing, and disfluency phenomena were investigated. Results show that both syntactic and pragmatic factors play a role in the phonetic realization of topics, though they act at different levels. In particular, disfluencies are found to be affected by syntactic weight and givenness, while tonal events seem to depend mainly on the discourse role.","PeriodicalId":41541,"journal":{"name":"Loquens","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46353265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Coronal stop lenition in French and Spanish: Electropalatographic evidence 法语和西班牙语的冠状止动:电腭图证据
Q4 LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2022-10-25 DOI: 10.3989/loquens.2021.080
L. Colantoni, Alexei Kochetov, Jeffrey Steele
Lenition of voiced and, to a lesser extent, voiceless stops is widely attested in Western Romance languages. In Spanish, utterance-initial voiced stops as well as those following nasals alternate with approximants in intervocalic position. Acoustic and articulatory studies have revealed factors that condition phonetic weakening. In contrast, very little is known about stop weakening in French. In this paper, using electropalatography, we provide articulatory evidence for the lenition of /t d/ in both Spanish and French. Data obtained from seven Spanish-speaking and four French-speaking participants reveal that, in both languages, /d/ is produced with less linguopalatal contact than /t/, and these differences are strongly conditioned by the position within the utterance or word. The languages differ, however, in the degree of /d/ lenition as well as in some of the contextual conditioning factors. Overall, our results, which should be interpreted with some caution given the number of speakers and the balance of the stimuli set, show that French resembles other Romance languages in its phonetic patterns of lenition, differing mainly in the degree of weakening.
在西方浪漫主义语言中,对有声的和在较小程度上无声的停顿的宽容被广泛证明。在西班牙语中,发音的声母和鼻后的声母在发音间位置与接近词交替。声学和发音研究揭示了导致语音弱化的因素。相比之下,人们对法语中的停止弱化知之甚少。在这篇论文中,我们使用电插层摄影术,为西班牙语和法语中/t-d/的发音提供了发音证据。从七名西班牙语和四名法语参与者身上获得的数据表明,在这两种语言中,/d/的舌腭接触少于/t/,这些差异在很大程度上取决于话语或单词中的位置。然而,这两种语言在/d/lention的程度以及一些上下文条件因素上都有所不同。总的来说,考虑到说话者的数量和刺激集的平衡,我们的研究结果应该谨慎解读,它表明法语在发音模式上与其他罗曼史语言相似,主要在弱化程度上有所不同。
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引用次数: 2
Yes-no questions in whispered speech 是的,在窃窃私语中没有问题
Q4 LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2022-09-16 DOI: 10.3989/loquens.2021.082
Miguel Martín Echarri
Intonative profiles are key to the identification of yes-no questions in many languages. Therefore, its absence in whispered speech makes it necessary to look for other features transmitting that information. Regarding other languages, f1 and f2 have been pointed as responsible of prosodic information in absence of f0, through a rise in those points where a rise of pitch would take place. It has also been related to intensity and duration. The quality of vowels in Spanish is very stable, so we have chosen to analyse formants in three utterances, each one pronounced by three informants in phonation as well as in whispered speech, and both in declarative and interrogative modalities. Although results do show a prevalence of the final rise of both formants in interrogative utterances, all exceptions could be identified as interrogative too. This suggests other features are involved, probably tension of the vocal cords.
在许多语言中,语调轮廓是识别是非问题的关键。因此,它在低声说话中的缺失使得有必要寻找传递该信息的其他特征。在其他语言中,f1和f2被认为是在缺少f0的情况下负责韵律信息的,通过在音调会上升的那些点上上升。它还与强度和持续时间有关。西班牙语中元音的质量非常稳定,所以我们选择分析三种话语中的共振体,每一种话语都由三个共振体在发音和耳语中发出,并且在陈述句和疑问句中都有。虽然结果确实显示在疑问句话语中两个共振体的最终上升是普遍的,但所有例外都可以确定为疑问句。这表明其他特征也参与其中,可能是声带紧张。
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引用次数: 0
Some acoustic indicators of verbal irony in semi-spontaneous contexts 半自发语境中言语反讽的一些声学指标
Q4 LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2022-06-28 DOI: 10.3989/loquens.2021.085
D. Martínez Hernández
Partiendo de una perspectiva de tipo interaccionista, el propósito de esta investigación ha consistido en la elaboración de un trabajo empírico a partir de la realización de tests de percepción discriminatorios y análisis acústicos establecidos metodológicamente con el fin de definir objetivamente la prosodia de la ironía sobre un corpus basado en series de televisión y tertulias radiofónicas. Para ello ha sido necesario aportar una explicación objetiva de la ironía en interacción, vista como un fenómeno con múltiples funciones pragmático-irónicas concretas que se apoyan en indicadores y marcas lingüísticas, cinésicas, paralingüísticas y/o acústico-melódicas, capaces de guiar la correcta interpretación inferencial del significado irónico; así como de contribuir hacia una metodología experimental adecuada, considerando las ventajas y carencias metodológicas que desestabilizan otras investigaciones previas acerca de los valores pragmáticos de la entonación irónica.
interaccionista型观点出发,这个调查的目的是制订一个工作经验进行测试采用规定的歧视性和声学分析在方法论上以确定客观问题讽刺的韵律的谈话和基于电视系列节目。这一点需要交互提供客观解释的意味,视为一种与多种功能pragmático-irónicas现象的具体指标和品牌lingüísticas cinésicas、paralingüísticas和/或acústico-melódicas,能够引导正确理解inferencial讽刺含义;本研究的目的是探讨反讽语调的实用主义价值,并探讨反讽语调的实用主义价值与反讽语调的实用主义价值之间的关系。
{"title":"Some acoustic indicators of verbal irony in semi-spontaneous contexts","authors":"D. Martínez Hernández","doi":"10.3989/loquens.2021.085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3989/loquens.2021.085","url":null,"abstract":"Partiendo de una perspectiva de tipo interaccionista, el propósito de esta investigación ha consistido en la elaboración de un trabajo empírico a partir de la realización de tests de percepción discriminatorios y análisis acústicos establecidos metodológicamente con el fin de definir objetivamente la prosodia de la ironía sobre un corpus basado en series de televisión y tertulias radiofónicas. \u0000Para ello ha sido necesario aportar una explicación objetiva de la ironía en interacción, vista como un fenómeno con múltiples funciones pragmático-irónicas concretas que se apoyan en indicadores y marcas lingüísticas, cinésicas, paralingüísticas y/o acústico-melódicas, capaces de guiar la correcta interpretación inferencial del significado irónico; así como de contribuir hacia una metodología experimental adecuada, considerando las ventajas y carencias metodológicas que desestabilizan otras investigaciones previas acerca de los valores pragmáticos de la entonación irónica.","PeriodicalId":41541,"journal":{"name":"Loquens","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44896674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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