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Migrating constrained optical tree in wireless WDM systems 无线WDM系统中迁移约束光树
Pub Date : 2002-11-17 DOI: 10.1109/GLOCOM.2002.1188546
Ko-Shung Chen, Chao-Ping Yu, N. Huang
As WDM-based optical networks are becoming the right choice for the next-generation Internet networks to transport high-speed IP traffic, the leading role of wireless ATM (WATM) networks will be undoubtedly replaced with wireless WDM (WWDM) networks for providing high quality of services to mobile users. Meanwhile, multicasting has played an increasingly important role in many conventional and emerging applications, such as teleconferencing and distributed games. In this paper, a constrained optical tree migration scheme (COTMS) is proposed to support multicast services in WWDM networks. COTMS is an enhancement of our previous work, called CTMS, for adapting to the characteristic of WDM-based backbone networks. CTMS can properly deal with the constrained tree migration problem for generic wireless networks, and COTMS inherits the efficiencies of CTMS entirely. Simulation results show that COTMS can markedly reduce the resources used per multicast tree, thus achieving both low handoff-dropping/join-blocking rate and high resource utilization. More importantly, we demonstrate how COTMS incorporating crossover optical switch discovery can be used to support real-time traffic for heterogeneous (i.e., unicast and multicast) connections in a uniform and unified manner. The proposed scheme is also suitable for routing over fully mobile (ad hoc) networks in which multiple frequencies are used for data communications.
随着基于WDM的光网络成为下一代互联网传输高速IP流量的正确选择,无线ATM (WATM)网络的主导地位无疑将被无线WDM (WWDM)网络所取代,为移动用户提供高质量的服务。同时,多播在许多传统的和新兴的应用中发挥着越来越重要的作用,例如电话会议和分布式游戏。本文提出了一种约束光树迁移方案(COTMS)来支持WWDM网络中的组播业务。为了适应基于wdm的骨干网的特点,COTMS是对CTMS的改进。CTMS可以很好地解决一般无线网络的约束树迁移问题,而COTMS完全继承了CTMS的效率。仿真结果表明,COTMS可以显著减少每棵组播树的资源占用,从而实现低切换丢失/连接阻塞率和高资源利用率。更重要的是,我们展示了结合交叉光交换机发现的COTMS如何以统一和统一的方式用于支持异构(即单播和多播)连接的实时流量。所提出的方案也适用于在使用多个频率进行数据通信的完全移动(ad hoc)网络上进行路由。
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引用次数: 0
An efficient heuristic for designing logical overlay networks for the reliable label switched paths in IP networks 一种有效的启发式方法设计IP网络中可靠标签交换路径的逻辑覆盖网络
Pub Date : 2002-11-17 DOI: 10.1109/GLOCOM.2002.1188999
S. Chamberland
We tackle the design problem of the logical overlay network used by the reliable label switched paths (ILSPs) in Internet protocol (IP) networks. The design problem consists to find the minimum capacity on each link and the routing metrics that ensure the successful rerouting of the reliable LSPs for all failure scenarios of interest to the network planner. The objective is to minimize the cost of the network overlay. A mixed nonlinear bi-level mathematical programming model is proposed for the problem and a tabu-search heuristic algorithm is designed to find "good" solutions of the model. Numerical results show that quasi-optimal solutions can be found with the proposed algorithm.
我们解决了互联网协议(IP)网络中可靠标签交换路径(ILSPs)所使用的逻辑覆盖网络的设计问题。设计问题包括找到每条链路上的最小容量和路由度量,以确保在网络规划者感兴趣的所有故障情况下成功地重路由可靠的lsp。目标是最小化网络覆盖的成本。针对该问题,提出了一种混合非线性双层数学规划模型,并设计了一种禁忌搜索启发式算法来寻找模型的“好”解。数值结果表明,该算法可以找到拟最优解。
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引用次数: 0
Supporting mobile SSM sources for IPv6 支持IPv6移动SSM源
Pub Date : 2002-11-17 DOI: 10.1109/GLOCOM.2002.1188486
Christophe Jelger, Thomas Noël
Mobile IPv6 (MIPv6), the IPv6 version of Mobile IP which is currently being developed by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), is a protocol that describes how a mobile node can change its point of attachment to the Internet. While MIPv6 focuses on unicast communications, it also proposes two basic methods, known as bi-directional tunneling and remote subscription, to handle multicast communications with mobile nodes. In the mean time, the deployment of Source-Specific Multicast (SSM) is of great consideration, mainly for scalability reasons as it is a strong candidate that could be used to support inter-domain multicast routing. In the particular case of mobile IPv6 SSM sources, the mechanisms proposed in MIPv6 to support multicast communications introduce a number of problems that strongly degrade the SSM routing mode of operation. The intend of this document is to describe protocol enhancements that can be used to solve the problems introduced by mobile SSM sources when used with the current version of MIPv6. The extensions, mechanisms and mode of operation of the protocol proposed in this paper are denoted as MSSMSv6 (Mobile SSM Sources for IPv6).
移动IPv6 (MIPv6)是目前由互联网工程任务组(IETF)开发的移动IP的IPv6版本,是一种描述移动节点如何改变其连接到互联网的点的协议。虽然MIPv6侧重于单播通信,但它也提出了两种基本方法,即双向隧道和远程订阅,来处理与移动节点的多播通信。与此同时,源特定组播(SSM)的部署非常值得考虑,主要是出于可扩展性的原因,因为它是支持域间组播路由的强有力候选。在移动IPv6 SSM源的特殊情况下,MIPv6中提出的支持多播通信的机制引入了许多问题,这些问题严重降低了SSM路由操作模式。本文档的目的是描述可用于解决移动SSM源在与当前版本的MIPv6一起使用时引入的问题的协议增强。本文提出的协议扩展、机制和运行模式记为MSSMSv6 (Mobile SSM Sources for IPv6)。
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引用次数: 45
Performance analysis of an iterative group-wise parallel interference cancellation for multiuser detection of coherent W-CDMA system 相干W-CDMA系统多用户检测的迭代群并行干扰消除性能分析
Pub Date : 2002-11-17 DOI: 10.1109/GLOCOM.2002.1188133
J. Koo
We present performance analysis of an iterative group-wise parallel interference cancellation (IGPIC) algorithm for coherent detection of an asynchronous wideband DS-CDMA system in a single cell over multipath Rayleigh fading channels. The proposed IGPIC algorithm can improve the existing serial interference cancellation (SIC) algorithm that significantly degrades the detection performance for stronger users compared to weaker users. It also improves the group-wise serial interference cancellation (GSIC) algorithm that suffers from severe degradation of detection performance as the number of users in a group increases. In the proposed algorithm, users in a system am divided into several groups and interfering signals are subtracted out from the received signal as many times as the number of users in a group, iteratively. The iterative group-wise interference cancellation (IGIC) algorithm is also classified into the iterative group-wise serial interference cancellation (IGSIC) and the IGPIC algorithm. The results show that the performance of the IGPIC algorithm is superior to that of the IGSIC algorithm by 4 dB, right before the final cancellation in a group for 10 users at BER=1.0/spl times/10/sup -2/.
针对多径瑞利衰落信道中单小区异步宽带DS-CDMA系统的相干检测,提出了一种迭代群并行干扰消除(IGPIC)算法的性能分析。现有的串行干扰抵消(SIC)算法对较强用户的检测性能比较弱用户明显下降。它还改进了分组串行干扰消除(GSIC)算法,该算法会随着组中用户数量的增加而严重降低检测性能。在该算法中,将系统中的用户分成若干组,并迭代地从接收信号中减去与组中用户数量相同次数的干扰信号。迭代群明智干扰消除算法又分为迭代群明智串行干扰消除算法和IGPIC算法。结果表明,在BER=1.0/spl times/10/sup -2/时,IGPIC算法在10个用户组最终取消前的性能优于IGSIC算法4 dB。
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引用次数: 4
Iterative encoding of low-density parity-check codes 低密度奇偶校验码的迭代编码
Pub Date : 2002-11-17 DOI: 10.1109/GLOCOM.2002.1188405
David Haley, A. Grant, John Buetefuer
Motivated by the potential to reuse the decoder architecture, and thus reduce circuit space, we explore the use of iterative encoding techniques which are based upon the graphical representation of the code. We design codes by identifying associated encoder convergence constraints and also eliminating some well known undesirable properties for sum-product decoding such as 4-cycles. In particular we show how the Jacobi method for iterative matrix inversion can be viewed as message passing and employed as the core of an iterative encoder. Example constructions of both regular and irregular LDPC codes that are encodable using this method are investigated.
由于有可能重用解码器架构,从而减少电路空间,我们探索了基于代码图形表示的迭代编码技术的使用。我们通过识别相关的编码器收敛约束来设计代码,并消除一些众所周知的和积解码的不良属性,如4循环。特别是,我们展示了迭代矩阵反演的雅可比方法如何被视为消息传递,并被用作迭代编码器的核心。研究了用这种方法可编码的规则和不规则LDPC码的实例结构。
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引用次数: 45
Computing information rates of magnetic recording channels in the presence of medium noise 介质噪声条件下磁记录信道信息率的计算
Pub Date : 2002-11-17 DOI: 10.1109/GLOCOM.2002.1188417
D. Arnold, E. Eleftheriou
An information-theoretic method is presented for computing information rates of magnetic recording channels with medium noise, assuming 0.5-Bernoulli as well as optimized Markov input processes. The method is based on the well-known conjectured Shamai-Laroia bound. The compound behavior of the magnetic recording channel is modelled by combining the Lorentzian read-back pulse, the microtrack channel model, and additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN). Numerical results are provided that show that from an information theoretic viewpoint in certain cases medium noise is preferable to AWGN.
提出了一种计算中等噪声条件下磁记录信道信息率的信息论方法,该方法假设输入过程为0.5-伯努利,并优化了马尔可夫输入过程。该方法基于著名的Shamai-Laroia界猜想。结合洛伦兹回读脉冲、微径道模型和加性高斯白噪声(AWGN)对磁记录通道的复合行为进行了建模。数值结果表明,从信息论的角度看,在某些情况下,介质噪声优于AWGN。
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引用次数: 3
Utility-based joint physical-MAC layer optimization in OFDM OFDM中基于效用的物理层- mac层联合优化
Pub Date : 2002-11-17 DOI: 10.1109/GLOCOM.2002.1188163
Guocong Song, Ye Li
In this paper, joint physical-MAC layer optimization in OFDM systems using adaptive modulation and subcarrier allocation is investigated based on utility theory. Since utility qualifies the level of users' satisfaction derived from the radio resources they occupy, it is ideal for a network optimization metric. We formulate the cross-layer optimization problem as one that maximizes the sum of the utilities over all active users through rate adaptation and dynamic subcarrier allocation with the limited radio resource and time-varying wireless channel constraints. Two effective subcarrier allocation algorithms with low complexity are proposed to solve the constrained optimization problem. Simulation results demonstrate the significant improvement of utility-based cross-layer optimization in OFDM.
基于效用理论,研究了基于自适应调制和子载波分配的OFDM系统物理层- mac层联合优化问题。由于效用可以从用户占用的无线电资源中获得用户满意度,因此它是理想的网络优化指标。我们将跨层优化问题表述为在有限的无线电资源和时变无线信道约束下,通过速率自适应和动态子载波分配使所有活跃用户的效用总和最大化的问题。针对约束优化问题,提出了两种低复杂度的有效子载波分配算法。仿真结果表明,基于效用的跨层优化在OFDM中有显著的改进。
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引用次数: 41
Unslotted optical CSMA/CA MAC protocol with fairness control in metro WDM ring networks 城域WDM环网中具有公平性控制的无槽光CSMA/CA MAC协议
Pub Date : 2002-11-17 DOI: 10.1109/GLOCOM.2002.1189055
K. Kim, Hiroshi Okagawa, K. Shrikhande, L. Kazovsky
Optical carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA) is a media access control (MAC) protocol proposed for future metropolitan area wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) ring networks with a fixed receiver and a tunable transmitter at access nodes. In this paper, we focus on the unslotted version of the optical CSMA/CA MAC which is a fully-distributed and asynchronous protocol. We present the results of design and performance evaluation of fairness control schemes based on longest queue first (LQF) scheduling and two random routing algorithms - full random routing (FRR) and partial random routing (PRR). Through extensive network-level simulation of a WDM ring network with 10 nodes and 10 wavelengths on a 100 km ring at 10 Gbit/s line rate, we demonstrate a combination of the LQF scheduling and the PRR with a retransmission counter provides good fairness (fairness index of 0.9995) with high bandwidth efficiency and small delay spread, under highly unbalanced traffic conditions.
CSMA/CA (Optical carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance)是针对未来城域网波分复用(WDM)环网提出的一种媒体访问控制(MAC)协议,该网络在接入节点上具有固定的接收端和可调谐的发送端。本文主要研究CSMA/CA无槽版本的全分布式异步协议CSMA/CA MAC。给出了基于最长队列优先(LQF)调度和两种随机路由算法——完全随机路由(FRR)和部分随机路由(PRR)的公平性控制方案的设计和性能评价结果。通过对100 km环上10个节点、10个波长、10 Gbit/s线速率的WDM环网进行广泛的网络级仿真,我们证明了LQF调度和带重传计数器的PRR的组合在高度不平衡的业务条件下具有良好的公平性(公平性指数为0.9995)、高带宽效率和小延迟扩展。
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引用次数: 6
A novel highly-scalable matching policy for input-queued switches with multiclass traffic 一种新的高可扩展的多流量输入队列交换机匹配策略
Pub Date : 2002-11-17 DOI: 10.1109/GLOCOM.2002.1189038
F. Chiussi, A. Francini, G. Galante, Emilio Leonardi
We present the Distributed Frame-Definition Algorithm (DFDA), a novel scheduling policy for input-queued switches with virtual output queueing at the input line cards. The DFDA effectively supports the integration of traffic classes with diverse Quality-of-Service (QoS) requirements (as compelled by emerging QoS frameworks such as Differentiated Services), and scales well with the aggregate capacity of the switch because of the limited complexity of its distributed implementation. The input and output tine cards exchange a minimal amount of control information to define the periodic service schedule that regulates transit through the switch fabric. The composition of the service schedule dynamically adapts to the tight bandwidth requirements of real-time traffic and to the load fluctuations of best-effort traffic. We assess the performance of the DFDA through simulation, and compare it with the most popular scheduling algorithms for input-queued switches. Our experiments show that the DFDA generally sustains higher throughput than the schemes of the prior art.
本文提出了分布式帧定义算法(DFDA),这是一种新颖的调度策略,适用于在输入线卡处具有虚拟输出队列的输入排队交换机。DFDA有效地支持具有不同服务质量(QoS)需求的流量类的集成(由于新兴的QoS框架(如差异化服务)的要求),并且由于其分布式实现的有限复杂性,可以很好地随交换机的总容量进行扩展。输入和输出时间卡交换最少量的控制信息,以定义通过交换机结构调节传输的周期性服务计划。业务调度的组成可以动态地适应实时业务对带宽的严格要求和尽力而为业务的负载波动。我们通过仿真评估了DFDA的性能,并将其与最流行的输入队列交换机调度算法进行了比较。我们的实验表明,DFDA通常比现有技术方案保持更高的吞吐量。
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引用次数: 4
Bluetooth performance analysis under IEEE802.11 interference in a fading channel IEEE802.11衰落信道干扰下蓝牙性能分析
Pub Date : 2002-11-17 DOI: 10.1109/GLOCOM.2002.1188074
A. Conti, D. Dardari, G. Pasolini, O. Andrisano
In this article the issue of Bluetooth and IEEE802.11b coexistence in a heterogeneous environment is addressed by means of an analytical approach. The methodology proposed carefully takes physical (i.e., thermal noise, propagation, interference, modulation formats and coding techniques) as well as medium access control (frequency hopping, packet structures, traffic loads) aspects into account. This model can be easily implemented when developing system simulators avoiding, thus, the need of extensive bit level Monte-Carlo simulations at the physical level. Furthermore, having preliminarily fixed a quality of service level, namely the target mean PEP, we derive the coexistence domain of the two considered systems in terms of relative distance.
在本文中,通过分析方法解决了蓝牙和IEEE802.11b在异构环境中共存的问题。所提出的方法仔细考虑了物理(即热噪声、传播、干扰、调制格式和编码技术)以及介质访问控制(跳频、分组结构、流量负载)方面。在开发系统模拟器时,该模型可以很容易地实现,从而避免了在物理层上进行大量位级蒙特卡罗模拟的需要。此外,在初步确定了服务质量水平即目标平均PEP后,我们根据相对距离推导出了两个被考虑系统的共存域。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Global Telecommunications Conference, 2002. GLOBECOM '02. IEEE
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