Pub Date : 2013-01-01DOI: 10.1080/20742835.2013.11441209
Adoubi I Abauleth YR, Anorlu RI Amorissani F, Botha H Awolude OA, JK Byamugisha
Abstract Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer and the leading cause of cancer-related death in women in sub-Saharan Africa. It is estimated that more than 200 million females older than 15 years are at risk in this region. This paper highlights the current burden of cervical cancer in sub-Saharan Africa, reviews the latest clinical data on primary prevention, outlines challenges in the region, and offers potential solutions to these barriers. Based on these factors, clinical recommendations for the prevention of cervical cancer from the sub-Saharan African Cervical Cancer Working Group expert panel are presented.
{"title":"Consensus recommendations for the prevention of cervical cancer in sub-Saharan Africa","authors":"Adoubi I Abauleth YR, Anorlu RI Amorissani F, Botha H Awolude OA, JK Byamugisha","doi":"10.1080/20742835.2013.11441209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20742835.2013.11441209","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer and the leading cause of cancer-related death in women in sub-Saharan Africa. It is estimated that more than 200 million females older than 15 years are at risk in this region. This paper highlights the current burden of cervical cancer in sub-Saharan Africa, reviews the latest clinical data on primary prevention, outlines challenges in the region, and offers potential solutions to these barriers. Based on these factors, clinical recommendations for the prevention of cervical cancer from the sub-Saharan African Cervical Cancer Working Group expert panel are presented.","PeriodicalId":41638,"journal":{"name":"Southern African Journal of Gynaecological Oncology","volume":"5 1","pages":"47 - 57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/20742835.2013.11441209","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60046752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-01-01DOI: 10.1080/20742835.2013.11441200
G. Dreyer
Cervical cancer remains a major public and women’s health problem both in our region and worldwide. In gynaecologic oncology it is both the most preventable and sadly the most prevalent malignancy in our tertiary hospitals and oncology units. It is therefore very appropriate and no surprise that much local research focuses on the prevention and treatment of this disease. In the current issue we publish four original research reports, three of these on the prevention, diagnosis and staging of cervical cancer.
{"title":"About this issue…","authors":"G. Dreyer","doi":"10.1080/20742835.2013.11441200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20742835.2013.11441200","url":null,"abstract":"Cervical cancer remains a major public and women’s health problem both in our region and worldwide. In gynaecologic oncology it is both the most preventable and sadly the most prevalent malignancy in our tertiary hospitals and oncology units. It is therefore very appropriate and no surprise that much local research focuses on the prevention and treatment of this disease. In the current issue we publish four original research reports, three of these on the prevention, diagnosis and staging of cervical cancer.","PeriodicalId":41638,"journal":{"name":"Southern African Journal of Gynaecological Oncology","volume":"5 1","pages":"3 - 3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/20742835.2013.11441200","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60046961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-01-01DOI: 10.1080/20742835.2013.11441216
G. Dreyer, E. F. Mnisi, A. Maphalala
Abstract Objectives: The aim was to identify challenges to conducting research and obstacles to successful cervical cancer screening in public sector primary healthcare clinics (PHCs). Design: Qualitative research was conducted, using semi-structured interviews. Setting and subjects: Study staff and healthcare workers involved in the implementation of a large screening study conducted in existing primary healthcare facilities were interviewed during the study period. Outcome measures: The outcome measure was qualitative data on problems and obstacles to research and cervical cancer screening in public health facilities. Results: Twenty-one participants were interviewed at intervals over three years. It was found that clinical research could only be conducted in PHC facilities if no additional burden was placed on the staff or facilities. Preventative care was not found to be part of the focus of the clinics, which rather concentrated on disease. The need for gynaecological examinations was identified as an important obstacle to screening at PHC clinics. Self-sampling was widely accepted, as was cervical sampling for human papillomavirus. Reporting of screening results to patients presented a huge challenge to PHC facilities. Ineffective communication of the results was identified as another major obstacle to effective screening. Conclusion: Future cervical cancer screening methods should include sampling, without the need for an intimate examination. Finding new ways of calling women in for structured screening at regular intervals and reporting the results to them requires urgent attention.
{"title":"Challenges in preventative care and research in primary healthcare facilities: information obtained during implementation of a cervical cancer screening project in the Tshwane Health District","authors":"G. Dreyer, E. F. Mnisi, A. Maphalala","doi":"10.1080/20742835.2013.11441216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20742835.2013.11441216","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objectives: The aim was to identify challenges to conducting research and obstacles to successful cervical cancer screening in public sector primary healthcare clinics (PHCs). Design: Qualitative research was conducted, using semi-structured interviews. Setting and subjects: Study staff and healthcare workers involved in the implementation of a large screening study conducted in existing primary healthcare facilities were interviewed during the study period. Outcome measures: The outcome measure was qualitative data on problems and obstacles to research and cervical cancer screening in public health facilities. Results: Twenty-one participants were interviewed at intervals over three years. It was found that clinical research could only be conducted in PHC facilities if no additional burden was placed on the staff or facilities. Preventative care was not found to be part of the focus of the clinics, which rather concentrated on disease. The need for gynaecological examinations was identified as an important obstacle to screening at PHC clinics. Self-sampling was widely accepted, as was cervical sampling for human papillomavirus. Reporting of screening results to patients presented a huge challenge to PHC facilities. Ineffective communication of the results was identified as another major obstacle to effective screening. Conclusion: Future cervical cancer screening methods should include sampling, without the need for an intimate examination. Finding new ways of calling women in for structured screening at regular intervals and reporting the results to them requires urgent attention.","PeriodicalId":41638,"journal":{"name":"Southern African Journal of Gynaecological Oncology","volume":"5 1","pages":"S10 - S14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/20742835.2013.11441216","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60047011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-01-01DOI: 10.1080/20742835.2013.11441217
E. F. Mnisi, G. Dreyer, K. Richter, A. Horton, L. Snyman
Abstract Background: There is a need to simplify cervical cancer screening to reach more women. Tampon-collected specimens can be tested using molecular methods, but this type of self-screening has not been properly evaluated as a screening method in South Africa before. The objective of this study was to evaluate human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA testing of self-collected tampons as a screening method in an urban and peri-urban population in Gauteng by comparing the results with the current standard of conventional cytology. In addition, HPV prevalence, type, distribution and incidence of cytological abnormalities in this population are described. Method: Seven hundred and twenty women attending public healthcare facilities in and around Tshwane, Gauteng province, were invited to participate. The women collected a tampon sample for molecular testing, and were then screened by healthcare workers collecting a conventional cervical cytology smear. HPV testing was undertaken using the Linear Array® HPV Genotyping Test (Roche Molecular Systems). Results: Data for analysis were available for 631 women. Three hundred and fifty-four (58%) were positive for highrisk HPV, while (15.4%) had an abnormal cytology result. Women aged 30–39 years had the highest prevalence of both high-risk HPV (75%) and abnormal cytology (22%). Infection with multiple types was common. Higherrisk viruses were not over-represented in, and no dramatic decrease in HPV prevalence was observed in, older women. Cytological abnormalities were detected in only 3.74% of women who tested negative for high-risk HPV, but were found in 24.2% of high-risk HPV positive women. Conclusion: HPV testing on self-collected tampon samples was feasible, highly sensitive and demonstrated a high negative predictive value for current cytological abnormalities in this population.
{"title":"Human papillomavirus DNA testing on self-collected vaginal tampon samples as a cervical cancer screening test in a Gauteng population","authors":"E. F. Mnisi, G. Dreyer, K. Richter, A. Horton, L. Snyman","doi":"10.1080/20742835.2013.11441217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20742835.2013.11441217","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background: There is a need to simplify cervical cancer screening to reach more women. Tampon-collected specimens can be tested using molecular methods, but this type of self-screening has not been properly evaluated as a screening method in South Africa before. The objective of this study was to evaluate human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA testing of self-collected tampons as a screening method in an urban and peri-urban population in Gauteng by comparing the results with the current standard of conventional cytology. In addition, HPV prevalence, type, distribution and incidence of cytological abnormalities in this population are described. Method: Seven hundred and twenty women attending public healthcare facilities in and around Tshwane, Gauteng province, were invited to participate. The women collected a tampon sample for molecular testing, and were then screened by healthcare workers collecting a conventional cervical cytology smear. HPV testing was undertaken using the Linear Array® HPV Genotyping Test (Roche Molecular Systems). Results: Data for analysis were available for 631 women. Three hundred and fifty-four (58%) were positive for highrisk HPV, while (15.4%) had an abnormal cytology result. Women aged 30–39 years had the highest prevalence of both high-risk HPV (75%) and abnormal cytology (22%). Infection with multiple types was common. Higherrisk viruses were not over-represented in, and no dramatic decrease in HPV prevalence was observed in, older women. Cytological abnormalities were detected in only 3.74% of women who tested negative for high-risk HPV, but were found in 24.2% of high-risk HPV positive women. Conclusion: HPV testing on self-collected tampon samples was feasible, highly sensitive and demonstrated a high negative predictive value for current cytological abnormalities in this population.","PeriodicalId":41638,"journal":{"name":"Southern African Journal of Gynaecological Oncology","volume":"5 1","pages":"S15 - S20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/20742835.2013.11441217","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60047027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-01-01DOI: 10.1080/20742835.2013.11441211
A. M. Hocepied, R. Lakier
Schistosomiasis of the genital tract is uncommon, but is not infrequently encountered in Africa. 1,2 Usually it will involve the rectum or the bladder, but genital tract involvement has been reported in areas with a high prevalence of the disease. 3 Furthermore, schistosomiasis may increase the risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. 4 It has also been postulated that schistosomiasis may be a risk factor for the development of cervical cancer. 5
{"title":"Schistosoma haematobium in a human immunodeficiency virus-positive patient with cancer of the cervix","authors":"A. M. Hocepied, R. Lakier","doi":"10.1080/20742835.2013.11441211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20742835.2013.11441211","url":null,"abstract":"Schistosomiasis of the genital tract is uncommon, but is not infrequently encountered in Africa. 1,2 Usually it will involve the rectum or the bladder, but genital tract involvement has been reported in areas with a high prevalence of the disease. 3 Furthermore, schistosomiasis may increase the risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. 4 It has also been postulated that schistosomiasis may be a risk factor for the development of cervical cancer. 5","PeriodicalId":41638,"journal":{"name":"Southern African Journal of Gynaecological Oncology","volume":"5 1","pages":"62 - 63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/20742835.2013.11441211","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60046773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-01-01DOI: 10.1080/20742835.2013.11441201
M. T. Mamahlodi, L. Kuonza, S. Candy
Abstract Objective: South Africa launched a cervical screening policy in 2001 and aimed to screen 70% of women aged 30 years and older by the year 2010. The current study describes the performance of the cervical cancer screening programme that was implemented in the Limpopo province between 2007 and 2010. Design: A retrospective descriptive analysis of data on cervical smears that were collected and evaluated by the National Health Laboratory Services in the Limpopo province from 2007 to 2010. Outcome measures: Screening coverage, smear adequacy, appropriate age for screening and prevalence of premalignancy were calculated. Results: Overall, 202 251 cervical smears were submitted in the Limpopo province between 2007 and 2010. The number of smears increased from 39 029 in 2007 to 63 512 in 2010. Of the 202 251 women screened, 130 911 (72.7%) were within the recommended screening age (30 years and older). Annual screening coverage rates ranged from 2.9-4.2% of the population of women aged 30 years and older. The cumulative screening coverage during the four years was 13.7%. The mean smear adequacy rate during this time was 98.5%. Of the 202 251 smears, 5 237 (2.5%) reflected high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions, while 238 (0.2%) contained malignant lesions. Conclusion: The cervical cancer screening programme in Limpopo improved during the study period, but still fell short of national goals. Key areas that require strengthening include low screening coverage and the screening of young women who are at less risk of acquiring cervical cancer.
{"title":"Cervical cancer screening programme in Limpopo province: January 2007 to December 2010","authors":"M. T. Mamahlodi, L. Kuonza, S. Candy","doi":"10.1080/20742835.2013.11441201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20742835.2013.11441201","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objective: South Africa launched a cervical screening policy in 2001 and aimed to screen 70% of women aged 30 years and older by the year 2010. The current study describes the performance of the cervical cancer screening programme that was implemented in the Limpopo province between 2007 and 2010. Design: A retrospective descriptive analysis of data on cervical smears that were collected and evaluated by the National Health Laboratory Services in the Limpopo province from 2007 to 2010. Outcome measures: Screening coverage, smear adequacy, appropriate age for screening and prevalence of premalignancy were calculated. Results: Overall, 202 251 cervical smears were submitted in the Limpopo province between 2007 and 2010. The number of smears increased from 39 029 in 2007 to 63 512 in 2010. Of the 202 251 women screened, 130 911 (72.7%) were within the recommended screening age (30 years and older). Annual screening coverage rates ranged from 2.9-4.2% of the population of women aged 30 years and older. The cumulative screening coverage during the four years was 13.7%. The mean smear adequacy rate during this time was 98.5%. Of the 202 251 smears, 5 237 (2.5%) reflected high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions, while 238 (0.2%) contained malignant lesions. Conclusion: The cervical cancer screening programme in Limpopo improved during the study period, but still fell short of national goals. Key areas that require strengthening include low screening coverage and the screening of young women who are at less risk of acquiring cervical cancer.","PeriodicalId":41638,"journal":{"name":"Southern African Journal of Gynaecological Oncology","volume":"5 1","pages":"10 - 4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/20742835.2013.11441201","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60046993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-01-01DOI: 10.1080/20742835.2013.11441219
L. Snyman, G. Dreyer
Abstract Objectives: Despite a shift towards other screening modalities, cervical cytology still has an important screening function in many settings. The worldwide human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic has impacted severely on cervical cancer, resulting in women presenting at a younger age with more advance disease and poorer prognosis. The objective of this study was to compare different datasets from different time periods to assess the possible impact of HIV infection on the epidemiological characteristics of conventional cervical cytology screening results. Design: The design was a comparative overview of two different cervical cytology datasets collected at different times. Settings and subjects: Conventional cervical cytology screening data from non-pregnant patients at the gynaecological outpatient service of the Pretoria Academic Complex from 1991–2000, and data from pregnant patients attending the Kalafong Hospital antenatal clinic in 1993–1994 and 2008, were analysed. Outcome measures: Abnormal smear rates, the distribution of different abnormal smears and HIV prevalence in pregnant women taking part in the annual, National Antenatal Sentinel HIV and Syphilis Prevalence Survey. Results: The high prevalence of HIV in South Africa is associated with a higher prevalence of abnormal smears. It is also associated with a change in the distribution of detected abnormalities. High-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) are now much more common than low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL). The most pronounced change has been a shift in the ratio of LSIL to HSIL, where the value has changed from > 1 to < 1. Conclusion: The rate of abnormal smears as well as the distribution of abnormalities of conventional cervical cytology in South Africa has changed. It is possible that this change is associated with the high prevalence of HIV infection.
{"title":"The effect of human immunodeficiency virus prevalence on the epidemiology of conventional cervical cytological abnormalities: an institutional experience","authors":"L. Snyman, G. Dreyer","doi":"10.1080/20742835.2013.11441219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20742835.2013.11441219","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objectives: Despite a shift towards other screening modalities, cervical cytology still has an important screening function in many settings. The worldwide human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic has impacted severely on cervical cancer, resulting in women presenting at a younger age with more advance disease and poorer prognosis. The objective of this study was to compare different datasets from different time periods to assess the possible impact of HIV infection on the epidemiological characteristics of conventional cervical cytology screening results. Design: The design was a comparative overview of two different cervical cytology datasets collected at different times. Settings and subjects: Conventional cervical cytology screening data from non-pregnant patients at the gynaecological outpatient service of the Pretoria Academic Complex from 1991–2000, and data from pregnant patients attending the Kalafong Hospital antenatal clinic in 1993–1994 and 2008, were analysed. Outcome measures: Abnormal smear rates, the distribution of different abnormal smears and HIV prevalence in pregnant women taking part in the annual, National Antenatal Sentinel HIV and Syphilis Prevalence Survey. Results: The high prevalence of HIV in South Africa is associated with a higher prevalence of abnormal smears. It is also associated with a change in the distribution of detected abnormalities. High-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) are now much more common than low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL). The most pronounced change has been a shift in the ratio of LSIL to HSIL, where the value has changed from > 1 to < 1. Conclusion: The rate of abnormal smears as well as the distribution of abnormalities of conventional cervical cytology in South Africa has changed. It is possible that this change is associated with the high prevalence of HIV infection.","PeriodicalId":41638,"journal":{"name":"Southern African Journal of Gynaecological Oncology","volume":"5 1","pages":"S28 - S32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/20742835.2013.11441219","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60047064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-01-01DOI: 10.1080/20742835.2012.11441186
M. Botha, H. Veenstra, W. van der Merwe, R. Laeng, J. Nevin, L. Van Wijk, R. Soeters, S. Bird, P. V. van Helden
Abstract Objectives: The long-term survival rate of patients with carcinoma of the ovary is poor, because this condition is usually diagnosed at an advanced stage of the disease. A reliable diagnostic and screening test is still lacking. Therefore, a serological test for a novel ovarian tumour antigen was developed and investigated in a clinical setting. This report describes this investigation, the aim of which was to provide data to decide whether the test warrants a further, large-scale trial. Methods: Serum collected from 25 patients with ovarian carcinoma, 24 healthy controls and 25 control patients with non-carcinomatous ovarian disorders was tested. The test utilises a monoclonal antibody, designated SMO47, to capture the tumour antigen and a normal form of the antigen from serum. Only the tumour antigen is detected by biotinylated Maakia amurensis lectin, which binds specifically to the sialic acid on the tumour antigen. Results: The sensitivity for the carcinoma patient group was 60% and the specificity for the control patient group was 76% when a cut-off value for 100% specificity in the healthy controls was used. The area under the receiver-operator characteristic curve was 0. 8200. CA125 tests were done on all serum, and the results compared graphically. The tumour antigen in the serum was very stable and did not seem to be affected by freezing or long storage at 4°C. Conclusions: The results of this first application of the new test are encouraging and warrant further investigation and testing of larger numbers of subjects to obtain more significant values for the sensitivity and specificity.
{"title":"Preliminary investigation of a new serum marker for ovarian cancer","authors":"M. Botha, H. Veenstra, W. van der Merwe, R. Laeng, J. Nevin, L. Van Wijk, R. Soeters, S. Bird, P. V. van Helden","doi":"10.1080/20742835.2012.11441186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20742835.2012.11441186","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objectives: The long-term survival rate of patients with carcinoma of the ovary is poor, because this condition is usually diagnosed at an advanced stage of the disease. A reliable diagnostic and screening test is still lacking. Therefore, a serological test for a novel ovarian tumour antigen was developed and investigated in a clinical setting. This report describes this investigation, the aim of which was to provide data to decide whether the test warrants a further, large-scale trial. Methods: Serum collected from 25 patients with ovarian carcinoma, 24 healthy controls and 25 control patients with non-carcinomatous ovarian disorders was tested. The test utilises a monoclonal antibody, designated SMO47, to capture the tumour antigen and a normal form of the antigen from serum. Only the tumour antigen is detected by biotinylated Maakia amurensis lectin, which binds specifically to the sialic acid on the tumour antigen. Results: The sensitivity for the carcinoma patient group was 60% and the specificity for the control patient group was 76% when a cut-off value for 100% specificity in the healthy controls was used. The area under the receiver-operator characteristic curve was 0. 8200. CA125 tests were done on all serum, and the results compared graphically. The tumour antigen in the serum was very stable and did not seem to be affected by freezing or long storage at 4°C. Conclusions: The results of this first application of the new test are encouraging and warrant further investigation and testing of larger numbers of subjects to obtain more significant values for the sensitivity and specificity.","PeriodicalId":41638,"journal":{"name":"Southern African Journal of Gynaecological Oncology","volume":"4 1","pages":"13 - 20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/20742835.2012.11441186","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60046523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-01-01DOI: 10.1080/20742835.2012.11441196
G. du Toit, D. Nel
Abstract Objectives: Quality of life (QOL) assessment plays an important role in oncological clinical practice and research settings when evaluating treatment outcome. Cervical cancer remains a prevalent disease in South African women. The current study translated the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) cervical cancer module, QLQ-CX24, into isiXhosa and Afrikaans and validated the questionnaires. Setting and subjects: The QLQ-CX24 was translated forwards into isiXhosa and Afrikaans and backwards into English, and then reconciled by four independent language practitioners. The translated version was completed by 15 isiXhosa- and 15 Afrikaans-speaking patients with cervical cancer. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, a measure of internal consistency of response, was calculated. The conversion validity was evaluated by assessing the correlation between each item and its scale. Discriminant validity was examined by comparing the correlation values of each item with other scales using Pearson’s and Spearman’s correlation coefficients. Results: The translated isiXhosa and Afrikaans questionnaires demonstrated good conversion validity in the multi-item scales, with values of Cronbach’s alpha coefficient ≥ 7. Discriminant validity was demonstrated in the single-item questions. Patients completed the questionnaires in less than 20 minutes. Conclusion: The translated isiXhosa and Afrikaans versions of QLQ-CX24 were successfully translated and validated and is available for research and clinical use.
{"title":"Translation and validation of the EORTC QLQ-CX24 questionnaire into the indigenous African languages of isiXhosa and Afrikaans","authors":"G. du Toit, D. Nel","doi":"10.1080/20742835.2012.11441196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20742835.2012.11441196","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objectives: Quality of life (QOL) assessment plays an important role in oncological clinical practice and research settings when evaluating treatment outcome. Cervical cancer remains a prevalent disease in South African women. The current study translated the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) cervical cancer module, QLQ-CX24, into isiXhosa and Afrikaans and validated the questionnaires. Setting and subjects: The QLQ-CX24 was translated forwards into isiXhosa and Afrikaans and backwards into English, and then reconciled by four independent language practitioners. The translated version was completed by 15 isiXhosa- and 15 Afrikaans-speaking patients with cervical cancer. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, a measure of internal consistency of response, was calculated. The conversion validity was evaluated by assessing the correlation between each item and its scale. Discriminant validity was examined by comparing the correlation values of each item with other scales using Pearson’s and Spearman’s correlation coefficients. Results: The translated isiXhosa and Afrikaans questionnaires demonstrated good conversion validity in the multi-item scales, with values of Cronbach’s alpha coefficient ≥ 7. Discriminant validity was demonstrated in the single-item questions. Patients completed the questionnaires in less than 20 minutes. Conclusion: The translated isiXhosa and Afrikaans versions of QLQ-CX24 were successfully translated and validated and is available for research and clinical use.","PeriodicalId":41638,"journal":{"name":"Southern African Journal of Gynaecological Oncology","volume":"4 1","pages":"59 - 62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/20742835.2012.11441196","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60046889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-01-01DOI: 10.1080/20742835.2012.11441197
S. Mahapatra, B. Das, A. Kar, R. Das, K. Hazra, S. Sethy
Abstract Cavernous haemangioma of the uterine cervix is extremely rare. Fewer than 50 have been reported cases to date. A nulliparous term woman presented with a sensation of “something coming out” of her introitus. The mass was found to be large, 8 cm in diameter, and arising from the uterine cervix. It was clinically diagnosed as a cervical fibroid. The mass was surgically resected and was sent for histopathological study. Grossly, it was a wellcircumscribed, greyish-brown mass, measuring 6 x 7 x 8 cm. From the biopsy, the diagnosis that was made was cervical cavernous haemangioma. The patient later delivered a child by Caesarean section. Although cavernous haemangioma of the uterine cervix in pregnancy is a rare entity, it should be kept in mind as a differential diagnosis by clinicians.
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