Empowering rural women is one of the policies and strategies used to develop rural businesses because rural businesses can create employment and reduce unemployment, resulting in increased high self-confidence and empowerment of the villagers. Regarding the importance of this issue, the present study aimed at investigating the effect of empowering women on the motivation of creating and developing rural businesses. This paper is an applied study in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytic in nature. The statistical population consists of 504 samples selected from 84 villages in 26 rural districts. The data collected using bibliographic and field study methods. Analyzing data, a compiled framework based on the previous studies was used, which was composed on 5 indexes of empowerment in 50 items and rural business in 14 items. The results showed that empowering women in making them motivated to create and develop rural businesses was effective as the result of multivariate regression indicated that the empowerment variables account for .378 of changes in rural businesses. The results of the KODAS technique used to assess the motivation of women to develop rural businesses show that rural women are in different business motivation situations, so that only women in Sarchaqa and Seyed Ayaz was more favorable than other villages.
{"title":"Analysis of the Effect of Empowering Women on the Motivation of Creating and Developing Rural Businesses (Case Study: Kermanshah Province, Iran)","authors":"M. Akbarpour, S. Bakhtar","doi":"10.32598/JSRD.4.2.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/JSRD.4.2.2","url":null,"abstract":"Empowering rural women is one of the policies and strategies used to develop rural businesses because rural businesses can create employment and reduce unemployment, resulting in increased high self-confidence and empowerment of the villagers. Regarding the importance of this issue, the present study aimed at investigating the effect of empowering women on the motivation of creating and developing rural businesses. This paper is an applied study in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytic in nature. The statistical population consists of 504 samples selected from 84 villages in 26 rural districts. The data collected using bibliographic and field study methods. Analyzing data, a compiled framework based on the previous studies was used, which was composed on 5 indexes of empowerment in 50 items and rural business in 14 items. The results showed that empowering women in making them motivated to create and develop rural businesses was effective as the result of multivariate regression indicated that the empowerment variables account for .378 of changes in rural businesses. The results of the KODAS technique used to assess the motivation of women to develop rural businesses show that rural women are in different business motivation situations, so that only women in Sarchaqa and Seyed Ayaz was more favorable than other villages.","PeriodicalId":416445,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Rural Development","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126838981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: The purpose of the research is to evaluate the compliance of tourism development with the ecotourism principles through the opinions of visitors Guilan province as a unique destination in Iran. Methods: This study was conducted using the descriptive-analytical method. A questionnaire is designed and filled by the visitors. The gathered data have been analyzed by binomial, Friedman, and path analysis in SPSS and LISREL software. The barometer of ecotourism has also been modified to explain human welfare and natural ecotourism. Results: The results of this research have indicated that the tourism activities are significantly compliant with the principles and that education and awareness can considerably influence other dimensions. Conclusion: Tourists in the study area are highly interested in observing the principles of ecotourism. This is seen in all aspects of helping the local economy, protecting the environment, communicating with the local community, and education. However, the status of environmental protection is appropriate in the study area. This is likely resulted from understanding of the visitors about the unique nature of Guilan province and its outstanding features. The scarcity of these resources has made tourists more protective of them. On the other hand, since most of the tourists in this province have recreational purposes, we should try to pay more attention to education as one of the pillars of ecotourism.
{"title":"Assessment of Tourism Development Compliant with Ecotourism Principles, Case Study: Guilan, Iran","authors":"M. Hesam, F. Bagheri, A. Atefi","doi":"10.32598/JSRD.4.2.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/JSRD.4.2.12","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The purpose of the research is to evaluate the compliance of tourism development with the ecotourism principles through the opinions of visitors Guilan province as a unique destination in Iran. Methods: This study was conducted using the descriptive-analytical method. A questionnaire is designed and filled by the visitors. The gathered data have been analyzed by binomial, Friedman, and path analysis in SPSS and LISREL software. The barometer of ecotourism has also been modified to explain human welfare and natural ecotourism. Results: The results of this research have indicated that the tourism activities are significantly compliant with the principles and that education and awareness can considerably influence other dimensions. Conclusion: Tourists in the study area are highly interested in observing the principles of ecotourism. This is seen in all aspects of helping the local economy, protecting the environment, communicating with the local community, and education. However, the status of environmental protection is appropriate in the study area. This is likely resulted from understanding of the visitors about the unique nature of Guilan province and its outstanding features. The scarcity of these resources has made tourists more protective of them. On the other hand, since most of the tourists in this province have recreational purposes, we should try to pay more attention to education as one of the pillars of ecotourism.","PeriodicalId":416445,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Rural Development","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125205618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Empowerment approach is considered as one of the efficient approaches in rural development activities in Iran through the rural planning system within the framework of five-year programs with government investment in order to achieve sustainable rural development. In this study, it was investigated the role of government investments in empowering villagers, How its effectiveness in the rural area of Kashan was studied. Descriptive-analytical research method and sample population were selected using three-dimensional matrix method of government investment, village location and rural population of 12 villages and 316 rural households. To explain the relationships between independent and dependent variables, Pearson correlation in appropriate statistical environments and for modeling effects, the structural equation model (SEM) in AMOS software was used. Findings indicate a strong, positive and direct relationship between the two variables of investment and rural empowerment (P = 0.000). As the amount of investment increases, the empowerment of the villagers increases. The structural equation model showed that government investment with a factor load of 0.072 has an effect on rural empowerment (RMSEA = 0.036). Following these results in achieving sustainable rural development, the empowerment approach should be considered as a goal and not as a tool. In the experience of government investment in the rural area of Kashan in Central Iran, the investment process was relatively effective and in the future the investment process and implementation of rural projects in general and in arid and semi-arid areas in particular, empowerment and institutionalization approach in Villages are essential.
{"title":"State Investment and Empowerment of Local Communities, An Approach to Sustainable Rural Development (Experience of Kashan Rural Area in Central Iran)","authors":"Mahmoud Ganjipour, M. Taleshi, M. Shaterian","doi":"10.32598/JSRD.4.2.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/JSRD.4.2.10","url":null,"abstract":"Empowerment approach is considered as one of the efficient approaches in rural development activities in Iran through the rural planning system within the framework of five-year programs with government investment in order to achieve sustainable rural development. In this study, it was investigated the role of government investments in empowering villagers, How its effectiveness in the rural area of Kashan was studied. Descriptive-analytical research method and sample population were selected using three-dimensional matrix method of government investment, village location and rural population of 12 villages and 316 rural households. To explain the relationships between independent and dependent variables, Pearson correlation in appropriate statistical environments and for modeling effects, the structural equation model (SEM) in AMOS software was used. Findings indicate a strong, positive and direct relationship between the two variables of investment and rural empowerment (P = 0.000). As the amount of investment increases, the empowerment of the villagers increases. The structural equation model showed that government investment with a factor load of 0.072 has an effect on rural empowerment (RMSEA = 0.036). Following these results in achieving sustainable rural development, the empowerment approach should be considered as a goal and not as a tool. In the experience of government investment in the rural area of Kashan in Central Iran, the investment process was relatively effective and in the future the investment process and implementation of rural projects in general and in arid and semi-arid areas in particular, empowerment and institutionalization approach in Villages are essential.","PeriodicalId":416445,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Rural Development","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122555722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: Considering the community-based approach in tourism development planning influence the success of clean and responsible tourism activities through empowering local tourism stakeholders and improving sustainable rural development. However, many countries such as Iran have failed to improve the indices of empowering local tourism stakeholders, due to the emphasis on the "state-led approach" in tourism development planning. Accordingly, different outcomes of improving the sustainable rural development indicator are obtained. Methods: The present study was conducted by descriptive-analytical method to explain empowering local tourism stakeholders. The sample included 351 local stakeholders. Results: The results indicated that sectional-oriented in the tourism planning approach, with expert- driven and traditional approaches and economic growth, failed to consider the issue of empowering local tourism stakeholders to promote sustainable rural tourism making the indicators of the empowerment of stakeholders be lower than the average rate. Conclusion: Therefore, the local government should change its attitude in the tourism development planning towards community-based approach through assigning tourism projects and activities to the private sector. Furthermore, the present study recommended the adoption of appropriate policies to strengthen social capital for empowering and participating tourism stakeholders in planning and implementing the sustainable rural development project.
{"title":"Community-Based Tourism: An Approach for Sustainable Rural Development Case Study Asara district, Chalous Road","authors":"Naser Shafieisabet, S. Haratifard","doi":"10.32598/jsrd.02.02.30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/jsrd.02.02.30","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Considering the community-based approach in tourism development planning influence the success of clean and responsible tourism activities through empowering local tourism stakeholders and improving sustainable rural development. However, many countries such as Iran have failed to improve the indices of empowering local tourism stakeholders, due to the emphasis on the \"state-led approach\" in tourism development planning. Accordingly, different outcomes of improving the sustainable rural development indicator are obtained. Methods: The present study was conducted by descriptive-analytical method to explain empowering local tourism stakeholders. The sample included 351 local stakeholders. Results: The results indicated that sectional-oriented in the tourism planning approach, with expert- driven and traditional approaches and economic growth, failed to consider the issue of empowering local tourism stakeholders to promote sustainable rural tourism making the indicators of the empowerment of stakeholders be lower than the average rate. Conclusion: Therefore, the local government should change its attitude in the tourism development planning towards community-based approach through assigning tourism projects and activities to the private sector. Furthermore, the present study recommended the adoption of appropriate policies to strengthen social capital for empowering and participating tourism stakeholders in planning and implementing the sustainable rural development project.","PeriodicalId":416445,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Rural Development","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125798412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: The present article presents the components of environmental quality of life (with an emphasis on the empowerment mechanism) and their effect on sustainable development. Methods: This study was conducted using the descriptive-analytical method in the form of a set of 7 independent variables on the enhancement of environmental quality of life. These variables include Educating and Informing, Cognition and Awareness, Transparency, Creating Equal Opportunities, Assurance, Trust and Empathy, Sense of Belonging and Social Responsibility and Participation. Moreover, a band of 4 dependent variables of the sustainable development were examined which include the Environmental, Social, Economic, Physical, and Infrastructural variables. Results: The results, which have been analyzed by utilizing single-sample T– statistical test, the linkage measure of Kendall’s tau-b correlation, and multivariate regression, using SPSS software, show the low quality of the enhancing components of the environmental quality of life in the study area. Conclusion: Most of the surveyed indicators of the quality of life do not explain the future status of sustainable development of rural settlements in the study area and do not improve its dimensions under the current conditions. Therefore, changing and correcting the existing situation by choosing the appropriate social and economic policies of the state and applying appropriate methods for the empowerment of the rural community has been emphasized.
{"title":"The Effect of Enhancing Components of Environmental Quality of Life on Sustainable Development in Iran (With an Emphasis on Empowerment Mechanism)","authors":"Naser Shafieisabet, M. Rahbari, M. Ghorbani","doi":"10.32598/jsrd.03.02.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/jsrd.03.02.05","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The present article presents the components of environmental quality of life (with an emphasis on the empowerment mechanism) and their effect on sustainable development. Methods: This study was conducted using the descriptive-analytical method in the form of a set of 7 independent variables on the enhancement of environmental quality of life. These variables include Educating and Informing, Cognition and Awareness, Transparency, Creating Equal Opportunities, Assurance, Trust and Empathy, Sense of Belonging and Social Responsibility and Participation. Moreover, a band of 4 dependent variables of the sustainable development were examined which include the Environmental, Social, Economic, Physical, and Infrastructural variables. Results: The results, which have been analyzed by utilizing single-sample T– statistical test, the linkage measure of Kendall’s tau-b correlation, and multivariate regression, using SPSS software, show the low quality of the enhancing components of the environmental quality of life in the study area. Conclusion: Most of the surveyed indicators of the quality of life do not explain the future status of sustainable development of rural settlements in the study area and do not improve its dimensions under the current conditions. Therefore, changing and correcting the existing situation by choosing the appropriate social and economic policies of the state and applying appropriate methods for the empowerment of the rural community has been emphasized.","PeriodicalId":416445,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Rural Development","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130971640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to design a model to develop a series of businesses for the cluster processing of garden products in Kermanshah province and its relationship with rural development. Methods: This study is based on a qualitative research design and the grounded theory method. The study population included the experts of the industrial town and the horticulture industry affiliated to the Agriculture Organization of Kermanshah province as well as cluster developers in the province. They were selected through purposeful sampling. Results: A total of 83 concepts related to the research topic were extracted through open coding. These concepts were formulated in 23 subcategories that formed the conceptual basis for the cluster development of businesses in garden products. Geographic focus, trust, cooperation and competition, opportunities and challenges facing businesses as causal conditions, entrepreneurship and collective identity, access to appropriate infrastructures and markets, regional economic prosperity and access to appropriate technology, cluster development agents, startups, existence of boycott and climate change are the tenets, concepts, and phenomena that need the attention or support of the government and the institutions involved. Also, business synchronization, training of the workforce and effective provision of business services are considered as the interaction strategies for the cluster development of horticultural products in Kermanshah province. The outcome of such a state of affairs would be agricultural development, economic development, market development, human development and socio-cultural development.Conclusion: Designing this native model can set an example to follow by rural development planners, industrial towns, the Agricultural Organization, the practitioners of the related businesses, and gardeners
{"title":"Designing a Model to Develop Businesses for the Cluster Processing of Garden Products in Kermanshah Province and its Relationship with Rural Development","authors":"H. Heidari, A. Papzan, Alireza Darban Astane","doi":"10.32598/jsrd.01.03.240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/jsrd.01.03.240","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The purpose of this study was to design a model to develop a series of businesses for the cluster processing of garden products in Kermanshah province and its relationship with rural development. Methods: This study is based on a qualitative research design and the grounded theory method. The study population included the experts of the industrial town and the horticulture industry affiliated to the Agriculture Organization of Kermanshah province as well as cluster developers in the province. They were selected through purposeful sampling. Results: A total of 83 concepts related to the research topic were extracted through open coding. These concepts were formulated in 23 subcategories that formed the conceptual basis for the cluster development of businesses in garden products. Geographic focus, trust, cooperation and competition, opportunities and challenges facing businesses as causal conditions, entrepreneurship and collective identity, access to appropriate infrastructures and markets, regional economic prosperity and access to appropriate technology, cluster development agents, startups, existence of boycott and climate change are the tenets, concepts, and phenomena that need the attention or support of the government and the institutions involved. Also, business synchronization, training of the workforce and effective provision of business services are considered as the interaction strategies for the cluster development of horticultural products in Kermanshah province. The outcome of such a state of affairs would be agricultural development, economic development, market development, human development and socio-cultural development.Conclusion: Designing this native model can set an example to follow by rural development planners, industrial towns, the Agricultural Organization, the practitioners of the related businesses, and gardeners","PeriodicalId":416445,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Rural Development","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127672398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: Rural industrialization is a means of technical change to improve the quality of life for the current generation in rural areas. One of the most important problems in many developing countries is that of unemployment. This paper reports a survey conducted in Farahan industrial area in Iran through which the impact of industrial areas on the development of rural regions was investigated as a case study. Methods: The population of the research included 236 employees selected in the industrial area. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect the data. Results: According to the results of the factor analysis, economic, social, and infrastructural factors explain 61% of the industrial impact on rural development. The economic factor with an impact of 29% is the most important factor. The social and infrastructural factors with impacts of 23% and 9.3% are found respectively as the second and the third influential factors in the rural industrialization of villages in Farhan County.Conclusion: To alleviate the employment problem in rural areas, setting up industries or expanding non-farm jobs can be a logical way out of the problem. Also, to raise rural people’s income and increase their tendency to stay in villages, a planned strategy is required for rural industrialization.
{"title":"Factor Analysis of the Impact of Industrial Areas on Rural Development: A Case Study of Farahan Industrial Area in Iran","authors":"S. Golabi, M. Ebrahimi","doi":"10.32598/jsrd.01.03.250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/jsrd.01.03.250","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Rural industrialization is a means of technical change to improve the quality of life for the current generation in rural areas. One of the most important problems in many developing countries is that of unemployment. This paper reports a survey conducted in Farahan industrial area in Iran through which the impact of industrial areas on the development of rural regions was investigated as a case study. Methods: The population of the research included 236 employees selected in the industrial area. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect the data. Results: According to the results of the factor analysis, economic, social, and infrastructural factors explain 61% of the industrial impact on rural development. The economic factor with an impact of 29% is the most important factor. The social and infrastructural factors with impacts of 23% and 9.3% are found respectively as the second and the third influential factors in the rural industrialization of villages in Farhan County.Conclusion: To alleviate the employment problem in rural areas, setting up industries or expanding non-farm jobs can be a logical way out of the problem. Also, to raise rural people’s income and increase their tendency to stay in villages, a planned strategy is required for rural industrialization.","PeriodicalId":416445,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Rural Development","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125040681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: One of the main challenges of water resource management in rural areas, especially in arid and semi-arid regions of Iran, is the disconcerted management in governmental executive departments, including the Water Supply Organization, which is an executive department under the Ministry of Energy, and the Department of Policy Management and Operations, which is affiliated to the Ministry of Agriculture. There are also rural water users who play a role in this challenge. They are actually the rural communities in different forms and compositions with different production methods in the popular sector.Methods: Documentary and field studies were conducted to examine the role of participatory planning in integrated water resources management on the purpose of achieving sustainable rural development.Results: In a systematic approach to water resources, which always calls for integrated water resources management, there is a loop of connections among the required actors and forces. Participatory planning by designing livelihoods and sustainable production patterns (i.e. using the methods and techniques of the participatory planning of local communities), and the establishment and strengthening of facilitation systems make good links in the integrated management of water resources in rural areas.Conclusion: The results of the studies carried out in eastern Iran, including the provinces of northern Khorasan, Khorasan Razavi, South Khorasan and Sistan and Baluchestan, indicate that informed, all-inclusive, and rural-based participatory techniques and facilitation measures in organizations and systems within the framework of participatory planning techniques can facilitate the achievement of a sustainable approach to integrated water resources management, which ultimately achieves more success in sustainable rural development.
{"title":"Participatory Planning and Integrated Water Resources Management: A Case Study of the Eastern Rural Areas of Iran","authors":"M. Taleshi","doi":"10.32598/jsrd.01.03.290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/jsrd.01.03.290","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: One of the main challenges of water resource management in rural areas, especially in arid and semi-arid regions of Iran, is the disconcerted management in governmental executive departments, including the Water Supply Organization, which is an executive department under the Ministry of Energy, and the Department of Policy Management and Operations, which is affiliated to the Ministry of Agriculture. There are also rural water users who play a role in this challenge. They are actually the rural communities in different forms and compositions with different production methods in the popular sector.Methods: Documentary and field studies were conducted to examine the role of participatory planning in integrated water resources management on the purpose of achieving sustainable rural development.Results: In a systematic approach to water resources, which always calls for integrated water resources management, there is a loop of connections among the required actors and forces. Participatory planning by designing livelihoods and sustainable production patterns (i.e. using the methods and techniques of the participatory planning of local communities), and the establishment and strengthening of facilitation systems make good links in the integrated management of water resources in rural areas.Conclusion: The results of the studies carried out in eastern Iran, including the provinces of northern Khorasan, Khorasan Razavi, South Khorasan and Sistan and Baluchestan, indicate that informed, all-inclusive, and rural-based participatory techniques and facilitation measures in organizations and systems within the framework of participatory planning techniques can facilitate the achievement of a sustainable approach to integrated water resources management, which ultimately achieves more success in sustainable rural development.","PeriodicalId":416445,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Rural Development","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131230616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: This study has been conducted with the overall objective of identifying the ecological knowledge of rural women, specifically their knowledge of local pedology, through a gender analysis approach. Methods: The study adopts an exploratory, descriptive-analytical method, using both quantitative and qualitative methodologies. The population of the study includes female-headed households in villages with a population of more than 30 families in Nishapur and Firuzeh where women are familiar with farming activities and have actively participated in the agricultural production. To determine the sample size, first, through Cochran’s sample size formula, 22 villages were selected out of 357 villages in the population. Then, of the total number of 8810 women in the sample villages, 150 were selected through simple random sampling for questioning and semi-structured interviews. Results: The findings revealed that the level of rural women’s awareness of their ecological environment is relatively high, which is due to living experience in rural areas for centuries. This experience has been orally transmitted from one generation to another. Conclusion: Their knowledge of local pedology is also high, nearly conforming to the scientific classifications of soil. If combined with the official knowledge, it can be used to complement the data in local studies and in the sustaining of natural resources.
{"title":"Assessment and Analysis of Rural Women’s Indigenous Ecological Knowledge and its Use in Sustaining Natural resources: A Case Study of Villages in the Counties of Nishapur and Firuzeh","authors":"K. Bouzarjomehri","doi":"10.32598/jsrd.01.03.270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/jsrd.01.03.270","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: This study has been conducted with the overall objective of identifying the ecological knowledge of rural women, specifically their knowledge of local pedology, through a gender analysis approach. Methods: The study adopts an exploratory, descriptive-analytical method, using both quantitative and qualitative methodologies. The population of the study includes female-headed households in villages with a population of more than 30 families in Nishapur and Firuzeh where women are familiar with farming activities and have actively participated in the agricultural production. To determine the sample size, first, through Cochran’s sample size formula, 22 villages were selected out of 357 villages in the population. Then, of the total number of 8810 women in the sample villages, 150 were selected through simple random sampling for questioning and semi-structured interviews. Results: The findings revealed that the level of rural women’s awareness of their ecological environment is relatively high, which is due to living experience in rural areas for centuries. This experience has been orally transmitted from one generation to another. Conclusion: Their knowledge of local pedology is also high, nearly conforming to the scientific classifications of soil. If combined with the official knowledge, it can be used to complement the data in local studies and in the sustaining of natural resources.","PeriodicalId":416445,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Rural Development","volume":"22 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116530976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: Sociologically, conflict is a “struggle over values and claims to scarce status, power and resources”. Land, as a most valuable asset and a source of wealth and power, a basis for livelihood, a subject for geopolitical purposes, a matter of territorial importance, and a substance for cultural identity, is introduced as a subject of conflict in communal pastoral lands of the Milan nomadic tribe in North-west part of Iran. Three actors are recognized in the field that have conflict over the lands; the State, nomads, and peasants. The main objective of this article is to understand contradictory interaction among the actors and analyze the source and dynamics of social conflict among them. To pursue this objective, theories of conflict including Dahrendorf (1959) and the differentiated meaning system approach are adopted. Methods: Applying the Qualitative method, six sub-tribes from Milan (located in winter pastures) and three peasantry villages (located in summer pastures) were selected as samples, and deep semi-structured interviews were conducted. Results: According to results, it is revealed that conflicts are concentrated around economic, historical, and political incentives, but differentiated meaning systems are also the source of conflict and inconsistencies among the actors. Conclusion: Our study showed that pastures had a variety of meanings and values for actors: for the State, pastures had political, environmental, and economic importance while for peasants, they merely had economic importance and for nomadic groups, economic, cultural (identity), and territorial factors were prime impetuses. For actors, sources of conflicts, their solutions, and reconciliation strategies are also different and in most cases, they are contradictory.
{"title":"Sources of Conflict in Pastoral Lands: A Case Study in the Milan tribe in the North-West Region of Iran","authors":"B. Hoseinpour, S. Kalaycioglu","doi":"10.32598/jsrd.03.02.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/jsrd.03.02.02","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Sociologically, conflict is a “struggle over values and claims to scarce status, power and resources”. Land, as a most valuable asset and a source of wealth and power, a basis for livelihood, a subject for geopolitical purposes, a matter of territorial importance, and a substance for cultural identity, is introduced as a subject of conflict in communal pastoral lands of the Milan nomadic tribe in North-west part of Iran. Three actors are recognized in the field that have conflict over the lands; the State, nomads, and peasants. The main objective of this article is to understand contradictory interaction among the actors and analyze the source and dynamics of social conflict among them. To pursue this objective, theories of conflict including Dahrendorf (1959) and the differentiated meaning system approach are adopted. Methods: Applying the Qualitative method, six sub-tribes from Milan (located in winter pastures) and three peasantry villages (located in summer pastures) were selected as samples, and deep semi-structured interviews were conducted. Results: According to results, it is revealed that conflicts are concentrated around economic, historical, and political incentives, but differentiated meaning systems are also the source of conflict and inconsistencies among the actors. Conclusion: Our study showed that pastures had a variety of meanings and values for actors: for the State, pastures had political, environmental, and economic importance while for peasants, they merely had economic importance and for nomadic groups, economic, cultural (identity), and territorial factors were prime impetuses. For actors, sources of conflicts, their solutions, and reconciliation strategies are also different and in most cases, they are contradictory.","PeriodicalId":416445,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Rural Development","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132913913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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