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SIGNIFICANT FACTORS OF IMPLEMENTING OPEN BUILDING SYSTEMS IN MALAYSIA 在马来西亚实施开放式建筑系统的重要因素
IF 0.1 Q4 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL Pub Date : 2022-09-16 DOI: 10.7251/afts.2022.1426.049h
M. Hosseini, I. Izni Syahrizal, Sadeghifam Aidin Nobahar, Rahnama Hamed
Changes in the built environment are inevitable due to diversity in human needs over time and it is suggested by scientists to consider flexibility and adaptability under concept of Open Building Systems (OBS) to mitigate impacts on environment and to satisfy the end-user. However, conventional methods are still common due to the lack of knowledge in OBS, resistance to change, monopoly of conventional building material manufacturing, insufficient legislations and lack of awareness of end-users. This study initially aimed to identify the significant factors of OBS concept that positively influence the construction industry of Malaysia and to verify the factors based on expert’s view and ultimately to develop a conceptual framework. Both quantitative and qualitative research methods was employed to achieve these objectives including a comprehensive literature review on OBS to identify the main factors before verifying them by experts’ perspective through Delphi method and developing the conceptual framework through ANP decision-making methods. This research was done specifically for construction industry in Malaysia but it has contributions in similar methods worldwide. Outcome of the literature review signifies 48 factors. These factors were later verified by selected experts of the area and the result revealed that 44 factors were confirmed and classified under 8 main clusters. The findings show that “design for change” is the main influential variant among the main clusters followed by “standardization”, “manufacturing of OBS components”, “level of decision-making”, “theory of level”, “end-user oriented design”, “enhanced post construction maintenance”, “level of independency of building systems and subsystems”, and “OBS factors influencing sustainability development”. The main category of “design for change” includes the most influential factors such as “design for adaptability”, design for flexibility”, “design for generality”, “design for assembly”, “design for disassembly”, and “design based on service life span”. Some other significant sub factors include “modular coordination”, “identifying level of decision-making”, “end-user involvement”, “identifying ordering principles”, and “replace-ability”. This research will help practitioners in the construction industry to implement Open Building concept to achieve more adaptable Built Environment.
随着时间的推移,由于人类需求的多样性,建筑环境的变化是不可避免的,科学家建议在开放建筑系统(OBS)的概念下考虑灵活性和适应性,以减轻对环境的影响并满足最终用户的需求。然而,由于缺乏对OBS的了解、对变革的抵制、传统建筑材料制造的垄断、立法不足以及最终用户缺乏意识,传统方法仍然很常见。本研究最初旨在确定OBS概念对马来西亚建筑业产生积极影响的重要因素,并基于专家的观点验证这些因素,最终建立一个概念框架。为了实现这些目标,我们采用了定量和定性研究方法,包括对OBS进行全面的文献综述,以确定主要因素,然后通过德尔菲法从专家的角度对其进行验证,并通过ANP决策方法开发概念框架。这项研究是专门为马来西亚的建筑业进行的,但它在世界各地的类似方法中也有贡献。文献综述的结果表明有48个因素。这些因素后来由该地区选定的专家进行了验证,结果显示,44个因素被确认并分类为8个主要集群。研究结果表明,“变革设计”是主要集群中最具影响力的变体,其次是“标准化”、“OBS组件制造”、“决策水平”、“水平理论”、“面向最终用户的设计”、“加强施工后维护”、“建筑系统和子系统的独立性水平”,以及“影响可持续发展的OBS因素”。“为改变而设计”的主要类别包括最具影响力的因素,如“为适应性而设计”、“为灵活性而设计”和“为通用性而设计”,“为组装而设计”“为拆卸而设计”以及“基于使用寿命的设计”。其他一些重要的子因素包括“模块化协调”、“确定决策水平”、“最终用户参与”、“识别订购原则”和“替代能力”。这项研究将帮助建筑行业的从业者实施开放式建筑的概念,以实现更具适应性的建筑环境。
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引用次数: 0
LANDSLIDE REMEDIATION ON LOCATION OF TRANSMISSION LINE POLE SM 134 ON DV 110 kV TS TUZLA C. – TS DUBRAVE 图兹拉110kv输电线路sm134电线杆位置的滑坡修复
IF 0.1 Q4 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL Pub Date : 2022-09-16 DOI: 10.7251/afts.2022.1426.033t
Zlatan Talić, Medina Mešić
The aim of the paper is to show the landslide that damaged the transmission line pole, and its remediation. The landslide is located in Tuzla, and the microlocation of the facility is located in the area of the Dolina and the settlement of Vrapče. The remediation was made on the basis of a study on the characteristics of the terrain and the design of the basic structure of the pillar. Remediation measures include: construction of protective canals, drainage of water from individual branched canals on the surface of the sliding body, closing cracks and accepting water from them, and planning the entire surface of the landslide. Based on the analysis of the problem at the location in question, the most optimal and safest solution for the remediation of the mentioned slope should be provided.
本文的目的是展示破坏输电线路电杆的滑坡及其修复。滑坡位于图兹拉,该设施的微观位置位于Dolina和Vrapče定居点。修复是在研究地形特征和支柱基本结构设计的基础上进行的。补救措施包括:修建防护渠,从滑坡体表面的单个分支渠排水,关闭裂缝并接受裂缝中的水,并规划滑坡的整个表面。根据对该位置问题的分析,应为上述边坡的修复提供最优化、最安全的解决方案。
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引用次数: 0
LANDSLIDE REMEDIATION ON THE SCARP ABOVE THE LEVEL, ROAD M-17, SECTION: 007, TOPČIĆ POLJE – LAŠVA m-17路段:007,topČiĆ polje - laŠva
IF 0.1 Q4 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL Pub Date : 2022-09-16 DOI: 10.7251/afts.2022.1426.023t
Zlatan Talić, Dženita Cerić
The aim of this paper is to present a landslide remediation based on research and testing of samples, and to list those measures that will help to remediate the landslide or partially mitigate its further effects. These measures include: closing cracks, collecting and draining surface water from landslides, terrain planning, making supports from stone materials, drainage trenches, draining water from traffic areas, repairing water supply and sewerage systems, and establishing monitoring. The phenomenon of instability and its causes has been analyzed, and the results of research at the subject site before and after the remediation of this instability will be presented and discussed. Geological profile and remediation methods will be determined after the presentation of the results.
本文的目的是提出一种基于样本研究和测试的滑坡修复方法,并列出有助于修复滑坡或部分减轻其进一步影响的措施。这些措施包括:封闭裂缝,收集和排放山体滑坡产生的地表水,地形规划,用石头材料支撑,排水沟,从交通区域排水,修复供水和污水系统,以及建立监测系统。分析了不稳定现象及其原因,并将介绍和讨论在修复这种不稳定之前和之后在主题场地的研究结果。地质剖面和修复方法将在结果公布后确定。
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引用次数: 0
ADMINISTRATION OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF TERRITORIES AS ONE OF THE APPROACHES FOR CREATING A BIOSPHERE-COMPATIBLE AND COMFORTABLE URBAN ENVIRONMENT 管理领土的可持续发展,作为创造与生物圈相容和舒适的城市环境的方法之一
IF 0.1 Q4 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL Pub Date : 2022-09-16 DOI: 10.7251/afts.2022.1426.079s
O. Sotnikova, E. Zhidko, E. Prokshits, I. Zolotukhina
Topical issues of formation of sustainable urban environment were analyzed. In this work, the modern urban environment was considered in the form of an open dynamic system, where its state is determined by other specific laws based on the mutual influence of the components of the system taking into account external influences. The safe city environment acts as natural social and technical structure. This concept assumes unity and interaction/interference of three main bases (natural aspect of X, social aspect of Y and technological aspect of Z) subject to external influences. The analysis of data of monitoring gives a qualitative and quantitative picture of current state of the urban environment. The approach to city management based on GIS-systems is also considered, which make it possible to collect, process, analyze and display spatially coordinated data and allow the most efficient interpretation of information and knowledge about territories for further assessment of the state of the habitat.
分析了可持续城市环境形成的热点问题。在这项工作中,现代城市环境被认为是一个开放的动态系统,它的状态是由其他特定的规律决定的,这些规律是基于系统组成部分的相互影响,并考虑到外部影响。平安城市环境是自然的社会和技术结构。这个概念假设受外部影响的三个主要基础(X的自然方面,Y的社会方面和Z的技术方面)是统一和相互作用/干扰的。通过对监测数据的分析,可以对城市环境的现状进行定性和定量的描述。还考虑了基于地理信息系统的城市管理方法,该方法可以收集、处理、分析和显示空间协调的数据,并允许最有效地解释有关领土的信息和知识,以便进一步评估生境状况。
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引用次数: 0
ANALYSIS OF COAL RESERVES WITH THE POTENTIAL FOR UNDERGROUND EXPLOITATION IN THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA 分析塞尔维亚共和国具有地下开采潜力的煤炭储量
IF 0.1 Q4 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL Pub Date : 2022-09-16 DOI: 10.7251/afts.2022.1426.043i
Z. Ivković, D. Tošić, Dejan Dramlić
The issues addressed in this paper are dedicated to the balancing and analysis of coal reserves for the system of underground exploitation in the Republic of Serbia, both in active mines - deposits and in prospective deposits for activation in terms of production. The basic message emphasizes the importance of coal as the leading domestic energy source for the production of mainly electricity and thermal energy to a lesser extent. In addition to the balance of coal reserves in the deposits, importance was given to the quality of coal as an important thermal energy factor. For active mines-deposits, thermal values are given for assortments of piece, cube and fine coal, while for inactive deposits, quality values are shown for coal from coal seams. Based on the obtained research results, it is concluded that coal will maintain the leading position for electricity production in the energy sector of the Republic of Serbia in the coming decades, while coal from underground exploitation should increase its share in the energy balance.
本文所讨论的问题专门用于平衡和分析塞尔维亚共和国地下开采系统的煤炭储量,包括在活动矿井-矿床和在生产方面活化的预期矿床。其基本信息强调了煤炭作为国内主要能源的重要性,主要用于生产电力和热能。除了煤储量的平衡外,煤的质量作为一个重要的热能因素也得到了重视。对于活跃矿床,给出了块煤、立方煤和细煤的热值,而对于不活跃矿床,给出了煤层煤的质量值。根据所取得的研究结果,得出的结论是,在今后几十年里,煤炭将在塞尔维亚共和国能源部门的电力生产中保持领先地位,而地下开采的煤炭应增加其在能源平衡中的份额。
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引用次数: 1
Experimental study on Ahmed’s body drag coefficient Ahmed体阻力系数的实验研究
IF 0.1 Q4 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL Pub Date : 2022-09-05 DOI: 10.31648/ts.7897
D. Wysocki, A. Szymanek
The work presents an experimental designation of the aerodynamic drag coefficient for two configurations of the Ahmed body model, with slant angle of 25o and with the inactive synthetic jet generator. When analyzing the aerodynamic drag of vehicles, most authors focus on higher Reynolds numbers, describing lower values only by designated trend lines. Which is why the main contribution of this experimental work was to designate the Ahmed’s body drag coefficient for low Reynolds numbers and to verify the obtained results with other authors experiments especially with the trend lines for Reynolds number in the range 0,35x105 – 1,8x105. For data taken from the literature, it can be seen that the value of the drag coefficient for the Ahmed body model decreases when the Reynolds number increases. The results obtained during the experiment show the opposite tendency.
本文给出了斜角为250度和不使用合成射流发生器两种构型艾哈迈德模型气动阻力系数的实验设计。在分析车辆的气动阻力时,大多数作者关注的是较高的雷诺数,而较低的雷诺数只能用指定的趋势线来描述。这就是为什么这项实验工作的主要贡献是指定了低雷诺数的艾哈迈德体阻力系数,并与其他作者的实验验证了所获得的结果,特别是在0.35 × 105 - 1.8 × 105范围内的雷诺数趋势线。从文献数据可以看出,Ahmed体模型的阻力系数值随着雷诺数的增加而减小。在实验中得到的结果显示出相反的趋势。
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引用次数: 1
Methods of implementation and operation of hardware DRM protection on the example of printer cartridges 以打印机墨盒为例,实现硬件DRM保护的方法和操作
IF 0.1 Q4 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL Pub Date : 2022-09-05 DOI: 10.31648/ts.7634
Wojciech Cybowski
The subject of this paper is to analyze the way of implementation and operation of hardware DRM protection systems on the example of selected printer cartridges. Thanks to the analysis, it is possible to understand the way of operation of typical security chips used in printer cartridges. Using the knowledge gained, it becomes possible to modify the data on the security chips and thus reset the protection, so that the printer sees the chip with the modified data as a new one. However, the process itself was difficult due to the lack of publicly available materials on this topic. In this paper, different approaches to DRM security analysis have been used, so that the reader can try to perform the described steps to analyze other hardware DRM systems by himself. In addition, devices called resetters have been designed and fabricated to quickly reset the analyzed security chips. Their design and documentation is available on the author's Github.
本文以选定的打印机墨盒为例,分析硬件DRM保护系统的实现方式和运行方式。通过分析,可以了解打印机墨盒中使用的典型安全芯片的操作方式。利用所获得的知识,可以修改安全芯片上的数据,从而重置保护,使打印机将修改数据的芯片视为新的芯片。然而,由于缺乏关于这一主题的公开材料,这一过程本身就很困难。本文使用了不同的DRM安全性分析方法,以便读者可以尝试自己执行所描述的步骤来分析其他硬件DRM系统。此外,已经设计和制造了称为复位器的设备,以快速复位分析的安全芯片。他们的设计和文档可以在作者的Github上找到。
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引用次数: 0
Characterization of deposit layers formed on grey cast iron 灰口铸铁上沉积层的表征
IF 0.1 Q4 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL Pub Date : 2022-09-05 DOI: 10.31648/ts.7896
M. Gwoździk
This paper presents the results of diagnostic examinations conducted on the water pipe made of grey cast iron that were operated in conditions for 260 thousand hours. The tube was exposed in a soil. The phase composition of the deposit layers formed on both sides of the tube walls (outside and inside) was examined using optical and confocal microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The obtained XRD test results showed that mainly -FeOOH) and γ-FeOOH is formed on the inside of the pipe wall. In turn, on the outside, in addition to the above-mentioned compounds, also SiO2 is formed. The results of these examinations have shown a higher degradation of pipe on the outer side. The arithmetic mean deviation of the profile from the mean line was 6.23 µm and 8.07 µm for the inner and outer side of the pipe wall, respectively. The work demonstrates the usefulness of material science, especially X-ray structure, topography and surface studies, in characterizing the degradation processes of layers formed on gray cast iron exploited in the water supply industry.
本文介绍了灰口铸铁水管在26万小时运行条件下的诊断检测结果。管子暴露在泥土里。利用光学共聚焦显微镜和x射线衍射检查了在管壁两侧(内外)形成的沉积层的相组成。所得XRD测试结果表明,主要是在管壁内侧形成了 -FeOOH)和γ-FeOOH。反过来,在外部,除了上述化合物外,也形成了SiO2。这些试验结果表明,管道外侧的劣化程度较高。管壁内外廓线与均线的算术平均偏差分别为6.23µm和8.07µm。这项工作证明了材料科学,特别是x射线结构、形貌和表面研究,在描述供水工业中使用的灰铸铁层形成的降解过程方面的有用性。
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引用次数: 0
Concept of a system for remote vibration measurement in electric vehicles driven by rotaring body motors 一种由旋转体电机驱动的电动汽车振动远程测量系统的概念
IF 0.1 Q4 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL Pub Date : 2022-07-22 DOI: 10.31648/ts.7582
Z. Syroka
The article proposes a vibration measurement system for electric vehicles powered by motors with rotating housing. The motors were designed and patented by the author. The presented solution is characterized by low cost, high reliability and minimal power consumption. Block diagrams of the designed system were presented and described in detail.
提出了一种以旋转壳体电机为动力的电动汽车振动测量系统。电动机由作者自行设计并取得专利。该方案具有成本低、可靠性高、功耗小的特点。给出了所设计系统的框图,并对其进行了详细的描述。
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引用次数: 0
Evaluation of the public transport system in terms of its adaptation to serve people with disabilities in Northern Wielkopolska (Polish case study) 北波兰公共交通系统为残疾人服务的适应性评估(波兰案例研究)
IF 0.1 Q4 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL Pub Date : 2022-05-27 DOI: 10.31648/ts.7581
Piotr Gorzelanczyk, Alicja Herudaj, Łukasz Marczak
The problem of disability affects more and more people every year. One of the obstacles to their proper functioning are everyday problems connected with mobility. The aim of this article is to find out the opinion of disabled people living in Northern Wielkopolska on the quality of infrastructure, its adaptation and accessibility for the disabled as well as to present improvements which would enable disabled people to use public transport services safely, freely and comfortably. On the basis of the survey, it may be concluded that the basic problem of road infrastructure from the point of view of people with disabilities is the low quality of access to stops, roads, pavements and high kerbs, poor adaptation of public space or very wide transport and lack of reconstruction of some places and road fragments. Added to this is the average quality of adaptation of public transport for people with disabilities.
残疾问题每年影响越来越多的人。妨碍它们正常工作的障碍之一是与行动能力有关的日常问题。本文的目的是了解生活在北大波兰的残疾人对基础设施质量、适应性和残疾人可及性的看法,并提出改进措施,使残疾人能够安全、自由和舒适地使用公共交通服务。在调查的基础上,可以得出结论,从残疾人的角度来看,道路基础设施的基本问题是站点、道路、人行道和高路缘的访问质量低,公共空间或交通的适应性差,以及一些地方和道路碎片缺乏重建。此外,公共交通对残疾人的平均适应质量也不容小视。
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引用次数: 0
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