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The method of economic-geographic profiling of agriculture for territories with contrasting indicators of development 具有发展指标对比的地区农业经济地理概况方法
IF 0.3 Q4 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.21638/spbu07.2022.106
A. Danshin, Andrey V. Radikevich
This work explores spatial differentiation of agriculture and the identification of the existing differentiation in a territory where there are contrasts in economic development as a whole and of the agricultural sector in a particular industry. The method of economic-geographic profiling for the Inter-capital region (along the line of the Minsk-Moscow profile) was used, and dynamics for the last 10 years were investigated. Approaches are proposed for the use of profiling to identify possible growth centers that can become drivers of agricultural development, as well as depressed areas that need to be developed primarily with the help of various instruments of interethnic and regional policy. The most important role in the development of depressed areas can be played by agriculture, which is characterized by short production cycles and the ability to quickly introduce innovations that inevitably arise in cross-border cooperation due to the flow of knowledge and technology, and exchange of experience and cooperation. Because of the profile, two emerging territorial agrarian clusters in Belarus were identified. Also, quantitatively and qualitatively, the gap at the level of agricultural development between the two states was highlighted, which turned out to be more significant than expected (for some product categories by more than an order of magnitude). Profiling for different time periods includes main trends in agricultural development of the Intercapital Region: gravitation of agriculture towards the centers of districts (agropolisation), polarization and the outrunning development of the Russian sector in recent years of the import substitution policy. With this influence of the capitals of the two countries and capacious consumer markets, the formation of high-intensity suburban agriculture is not shown at this stage. The absence of the influence of the inter-capital situation for the peripheral territories of Belarus and Russia is shown.
这项工作探讨了农业的空间分化,以及在一个整体经济发展和特定行业农业部门存在差异的地区,对现有分化的识别。采用了首都间区域(沿着明斯克-莫斯科轮廓线)的经济地理分析方法,并调查了过去10年的动态。提出了使用概况分析的方法,以确定可能成为农业发展驱动力的增长中心,以及需要主要借助各种种族间和区域政策工具进行开发的萧条地区。农业可以在贫困地区的发展中发挥最重要的作用,其特点是生产周期短,能够迅速引入创新,由于知识和技术的流动,以及经验和合作的交流,跨境合作中不可避免地会出现创新。由于这一概况,确定了白俄罗斯两个正在出现的领土农业集群。此外,从数量上和质量上,两州之间农业发展水平的差距都得到了强调,这比预期的要重要得多(对某些产品类别来说,差距超过了一个数量级)。不同时期的概况包括首都间地区农业发展的主要趋势:农业向地区中心的倾斜(农业极化)、两极分化以及近年来进口替代政策下俄罗斯部门的超高速发展。由于两国首都的影响和广阔的消费市场,高强度城郊农业在这一阶段并未形成。首都间局势对白俄罗斯和俄罗斯周边地区没有影响。
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引用次数: 0
Winter thermal and ice regimes of small Karelian lakes against the background of regional climatic variability 区域气候变率背景下卡累利阿小湖泊的冬季热力和冰况
IF 0.3 Q4 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.21638/spbu07.2022.108
G. Zdorovennova, Sergei Golosov, N. Palshin, I. Zverev, T. Efremova, A. Terzhevik, R. Zdorovennov, S. Bogdanov, I. Fedorova
This article investigates regularities of thermal and ice regimes of three small lakes of Karelia under current climatic conditions. Data of measurements of water temperature at autonomous stations and results of numerical calculations of the dates of ice-on and ice-off and the thickness of ice in these lakes using the one-dimensional parameterized model FLake in the anomalously warm winter season of 2019-2020 are analyzed. Data obtained are compared with long-term values over 1994-2019. The dates of the ice-on and ice-off on the lakes were quite close; however, on two larger lakes, intermediate ice destruction was observed at the beginning of winter, due to which the duration of the ice season differed between lakes by two weeks. The winter months of 2019-2020 were 6.4-9.4 ° C warmer than the baseline, which was reflected in a noticeably smaller ice thickness on the lakes compared to previous years of measurements (40-48 cm at the end of March 2020 compared to the values ​​in mid-April in 1994-2004 - 65-85 cm and in 2005-2018 - 50-65 cm). The decrease in ice thickness contributed to an early onset (mid-March) and long duration (more than five weeks) of spring subglacial convection. The model calculation, taking into account the atmospheric impact based on the ERA-5 re-analysis, reproduced the main features of the ice regime of the lakes, including the intermediate destruction of ice at the beginning of winter on two larger lakes. Significant regression relationships have been obtained between the dates of ice-on and ice-off on Lake Vendyurskoe, the dates of the onset and duration of spring under-ice convection, and the characteristics of the regional climate of southern Karelia (air temperature and the number of days with thaw in winter and spring months) for 1994-2020. The relationship between the dates of ice-on and the water temperature in the lake in winter is shown.
本文研究了当前气候条件下卡累利阿三个小湖的热态和冰态的变化规律。分析了2019-2020年异常暖冬季节自主站水温实测数据以及一维参数化模式FLake对这些湖泊结冰、停冰日期和冰厚的数值计算结果。将获得的数据与1994-2019年的长期值进行比较。湖上结冰和不结冰的日期相当接近;然而,在两个较大的湖泊上,在冬季开始时观察到中度冰破坏,因此冰季的持续时间在湖泊之间相差两周。2019-2020年冬季比基线温度高6.4-9.4°C,这反映在与前几年的测量相比,湖泊的冰厚明显较小(2020年3月底为40-48厘米,而1994-2004年4月中旬为65-85厘米,2005-2018年为50-65厘米)。冰厚的减少导致春季冰下对流开始早(3月中旬),持续时间长(超过5周)。模式计算考虑了基于ERA-5再分析的大气影响,再现了湖泊冰况的主要特征,包括两个较大湖泊在冬季开始时冰的中期破坏。1994-2020年温德尤尔斯科湖结冰和停冰日期、春季冰下对流开始日期和持续时间与卡累利阿南部区域气候特征(冬春季气温和解冻天数)之间存在显著的回归关系。给出了冬季结冰日期与湖水温度的关系。
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引用次数: 0
Dynamics of intraregional features of migration of the population of the Stavropol Territory 斯塔夫罗波尔领土人口移徙的区域内特征动态
IF 0.3 Q4 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.21638/spbu07.2022.109
Ivan Soloviev
Using official statistics, this article carries out an historical and geographical analysis of factors and trends of migration processes of the population of the Stavropol Territory over the past 60 years in order to identify intra-regional features of population migration (at the level of cities and districts). The main research tools are analytical, cartographic, historical reconstruction, statistical, comparative geographical, and comparative historical methods. The study also used scientific literature, archival statistical data from the North Caucasus Statistical Service, and materials from a sociological survey. The time period according to characteristics of factors, trends, and forms of population migration in Russia was divided into three parts: the last three Soviet decades (1963–1991); forced migration (1992–2000); and contemporary (2001–2019). The study revealed the transformation of population migration at each of the considered periods. The article focuses on identifying dynamics of coefficients of migration growth in cities and districts of the Stavropol Territory at different periods. The main regularity of the intraregional features of population migration in the Stavropol Territory is a gradual increase in the area of territories with negative migration performance, which was natural for agro-industrial Stavropol in the conditions of the classical stage of urbanization, and which was characterized by significant migrations of the rural population to cities. This pattern was interrupted in the 1990s, when stress factors were at work, and the opposite trend was noted. However, in the contemporary period, the growth of cities and regions with a migration decline has become a defining trend. Today, only territories included in the Stavropol and Caucasian Mineral Waters urban agglomerations have migration attractiveness in the Stavropol Territory. Thus, in the contemporary period there has been an increase in the importance of the position of territories in the “core-semi-periphery-periphery” system, as well as an increase in the socio-economic spatial polarization of Russia and its regions. The revealed patterns and tendencies of migration processes in the Stavropol Territory "fit" into the broad context of V. Zelinsky's theory of mobile transition, which is natural in the context of the change of the industrial era with a post-industrial society.
本文利用官方统计数据,对过去60年来斯塔夫罗波尔领土人口移徙过程的因素和趋势进行了历史和地理分析,以便确定(在城市和地区一级)人口移徙的区域内特征。主要的研究工具有分析方法、制图方法、历史重建方法、统计方法、比较地理学方法和比较历史学方法。该研究还使用了科学文献、北高加索统计局的档案统计数据和社会学调查的材料。根据俄罗斯人口迁移的因素、趋势和形式的特点,将这一时期分为三个部分:前苏联的最后三十年(1963-1991年);被迫移徙(1992-2000年);当代(2001-2019)。这项研究揭示了在每个考虑的时期人口迁移的变化。本文的重点是确定斯塔夫罗波尔领土各城市和地区在不同时期的移民增长系数的动态。斯塔夫罗波尔地区人口迁移的区域内特征的主要规律是负迁移表现的领土面积逐渐增加,这对于农业工业斯塔夫罗波尔来说是在城市化的经典阶段的自然现象,其特征是农村人口向城市的大量迁移。这种模式在20世纪90年代被打破,当压力因素起作用时,出现了相反的趋势。然而,在当代,城市和地区的增长与移民的下降已经成为一个明显的趋势。今天,只有斯塔夫罗波尔和高加索矿泉水城市群的领土对斯塔夫罗波尔领土的移民具有吸引力。因此,在当代,领土在“核心-半边缘-边缘”体系中的地位的重要性有所增加,俄罗斯及其地区的社会经济空间极化也有所增加。斯塔夫罗波尔地区所揭示的移民过程模式和趋势“符合”泽林斯基的流动转型理论的大背景,这在工业时代向后工业社会转变的背景下是很自然的。
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引用次数: 1
Elk Island (Losinyi Ostrov) national park: transformation of regulations in urban environment 麋鹿岛(Losinyi Ostrov)国家公园:城市环境法规的转变
IF 0.3 Q4 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.21638/spbu07.2022.110
V. Kryukov, E. Golubeva
To take into account both ecosystem and socio-economic functions, it is necessary to carry out functional zoning of specially protected natural areas (SPNA). The dynamics of zoning of the Losiny Ostrov National Park from 1988 to 2012 was assessed from the position of environmental regimes using open-access data. Using GIS technologies, the estimated dynamic schemes of environmental restrictions were obtained. The tendency to easing regulations clearly exists: the weighted average dynamic parameter of environmental value is -3.27 (possible values vary from -20 to 20). The 2012 version established stronger transformations of environmental restrictions than in 2010 (dynamic indicators are -0.62 and -2.65, respectively). The greatest negative changes for natural complexes are associated with the allocation of a historical and cultural zone, the transformation of third-party user sites into economic zones, the expansion of the recreational zone, and the disappearance of the educational and excursion zone. Differences between Moscow city and the adjacent Moscow region are negligible. However, there is considerable disparity between current zoning of urban and regional parts of the park (restriction indicators are 7.41 and 12.17, respectively). Urban space is more oriented towards recreation, indicating an incompatibility with the status of a national park. In contrast to the outer 1000-meter belt, the central part of the park has had greater deterioration of nature restrictions. The weighted average indicator of ecosystem compliance (environmental restrictions and vulnerability of natural complexes) is 3.3 (possible values range from -20 to 20), which points to a sufficient level of compliance with the functional zoning of landscape vulnerability. This accordance is more typical of inner part of the park inner and territories within the boundary of Moscow.
为兼顾生态系统功能和社会经济功能,有必要对自然特别保护区进行功能区划。利用开放获取数据,从环境制度的角度对1988年至2012年Losiny Ostrov国家公园的分区动态进行了评估。利用GIS技术,得到了环境约束的动态估计方案。放松管制的倾向明显存在:环境价值动态参数加权平均为-3.27(可能取值范围为-20 ~ 20)。与2010年相比,2012年版本对环境限制进行了更强的转换(动态指标分别为-0.62和-2.65)。自然综合体最大的负面变化与历史文化区的分配、第三方用户场地向经济区的转变、休闲区的扩大以及教育和游览区的消失有关。莫斯科市和邻近的莫斯科地区之间的差异可以忽略不计。然而,目前公园城市部分和区域部分的分区存在较大差异(限制指标分别为7.41和12.17)。城市空间更倾向于休闲娱乐,这与国家公园的地位格格不入。与外围的1000米带相比,公园的中心部分自然限制的恶化程度更大。生态系统顺应性(自然复合体的环境限制和脆弱性)的加权平均指标为3.3(可能的取值范围为-20 ~ 20),表明景观脆弱性的功能分区符合程度足够。这种一致性在公园内部和莫斯科边界内的领土上更为典型。
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引用次数: 1
Monitoring of soil pollution in the area affected by the production of phosphorus fertilizers 受磷肥生产影响地区土壤污染监测
IF 0.3 Q4 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.21638/spbu07.2022.406
E. Elsukova, I. S. Nedbaev, D. S. Kuzmina
The soils of the Kingiseppsky district of the Leningrad region were studied in the zone of influence of the production of phosphorus fertilizers at a distance of up to 5 km from the pollution source. In 43 soil samples, the total content and mobile forms of heavy metals, sulfur, fluorine, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, carbon, actual and potential acidity were determined. Three types of territories have been identified – conditionally background, reclaimed quarries, large man-made objects - phosphogypsum dumps and tailings. Exceedances of the MPC of mobile forms of elements in the conditionally background territory were revealed for copper, and for man-made objects - for manganese, copper, lead, nickel and zinc. The maximum gross content (in mg/kg) of barium (877), cadmium (1.5), copper (63), nickel (105), strontium (17,000), vanadium (218), zinc (107), antimony (1 ,86), chromium (103), phosphorus (13904), sulfur (1100) are typical for soils of technogenic objects. Barium, cobalt, manganese, lead, scandium, iron are evenly distributed over the study area. The average gross content of barium is 530, cadmium - 0.19, cobalt - 6, chromium - 32, copper - 14, iron - 22834, nickel - 16, manganese - 510, lead - 21, antimony - 0.36, scandium - 7 , vanadium - 48, zinc - 49, strontium - 627 mg/kg. At the same time, barium and lead are characterized by low variation; medium - cobalt, chromium, iron, manganese, scandium, zinc; high - copper, nickel, antimony, vanadium; abnormally high - cadmium and strontium. Medium mobility is characteristic of barium, increased mobility is characteristic of lead and nickel, manganese, copper and zinc are characterized by high mobility. Concentration coefficients of chemical elements in the soils of large technogenic objects calculated from the zonal background for podzolic soils: V(1.03); Zn(1,2); Ni(1,2); Cu(1.4); Sb(1.5); Pb(1.7); F(7,3); Ba(8); P(11.6); Sr(12.9); Ca(38.6). On the conditionally background territory: Zn (1,2); P(1,3); pb(2,2); F(1.5); Ba(12). Significant soil pollution and a decrease in the amount of organic matter are observed at man-made objects. In the conditionally background area, the amount and concentration of pollutants are decreasing. It is necessary to constantly monitor the ecological state of soils, especially their chemical pollution.
对列宁格勒地区金塞普斯基区的土壤进行了研究,该土壤位于离污染源5公里处的磷肥生产影响区。测定了43个土壤样品中重金属、硫、氟、磷、钙、镁、碳、实际酸度和潜在酸度的总含量和流动形态。已经确定了三种类型的区域:有条件的背景、回收的采石场、大型人造物体、磷石膏垃圾场和尾矿。在有条件的背景范围内,铜和人造物体(锰、铜、铅、镍和锌)的流动形式元素的MPC超标。最大总含量(毫克/公斤)钡(877),镉(1.5),铜(63),镍(105),锶(17000),钒(218),锌(107),锑(1,86),铬(103),磷(13904),硫(1100)是典型的技术对象土壤。钡、钴、锰、铅、钪、铁均匀分布在研究区域。钡的平均总含量为530毫克/千克,镉0.19毫克/千克,钴6毫克/千克,铬32毫克/千克,铜14毫克/千克,铁22834毫克/千克,镍16毫克/千克,锰510毫克/千克,铅21毫克/千克,锑0.36毫克/千克,钪7毫克/千克,钒48毫克/千克,锌49毫克/千克,锶627毫克/千克。同时,钡、铅具有变化小的特点;中-钴、铬、铁、锰、钪、锌;高铜、镍、锑、钒;异常高的镉和锶。中等流动性是钡的特征,高流动性是铅和镍的特征,锰、铜和锌的特征是高流动性。由灰化土的地带性背景计算的大型工程用地土壤中化学元素浓度系数:V(1.03);锌(1、2);倪(1、2);铜(1.4);某人(1.5);Pb (1.7);F (7, 3);Ba (8);P (11.6);Sr (12.9);Ca(38.6)。在条件背景区域上:Zn (1,2);P(1、3);pb (2, 2);F (1.5);Ba(12)。在人造物体上观察到明显的土壤污染和有机物数量的减少。在条件背景区,污染物的数量和浓度呈下降趋势。对土壤的生态状况,特别是化学污染状况进行持续监测是十分必要的。
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引用次数: 1
Geoecological assessment and monitoring of the territory: the technology based on landscape mapping of anthropogenic geocomplexes 国土地质生态评价与监测:基于人为地质复合体景观制图的技术
IF 0.3 Q4 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.21638/spbu07.2022.405
S. V. Osipov, A. Gurov
The purpose of the study is to form the methodology for assessing the state and monitoring of the territory on the basis of landscape mapping of anthropogenic geocomplexes/geosystems. The algorithm and technological scheme for assessing the state and monitoring of the area has the following components: 1) determination of the territorial level and approximate scale of mapping of anthropogenic geocomplexes; 2) selection of the classification of anthropogenic geocomplexes and it revision; 3) development of a geoinformation system and preparation of the layer (mapping) of anthropogenic geocomplexes of the selected level; 4) characteristics and assessment of the state of the area based on the analysis of the map and the spectra of anthropogenic geocomplexes; 5) comparative analysis of the state of the area at different periods – monitoring, it repeats blocks 3 and 4 for another period. The structural-functional classification of anthropogenic geocomplexes is developed. The ‘Anthropogenic geocomplexes of Primorsky Krai’ geoinformation system has been developed. Its main content consists of a set of layers, such as anthropogenic meso-landscapes, made for the entire area of the Primorsky Krai, as well as anthropogenic micro-landscapes, anthropogenic localities and anthropogenic landscapes, which are prepared for key areas. The map of anthropogenic geocomplexes/geosystems is the most important component of the technology under consideration. The indispensability of the map of techno-natural, natural-technical and technical micro-landscapes, meso-landscapes, localities or landscapes is that it gives a diverse, complex vision of the most transformed by human activity geocomplexes, their diversity, dynamics, ratio, distribution. This map allows assessing the state and tracking changes in the most important complex characteristics of the territory, first of all, the nature and degree of the transformation. Such a map is a good complement to any technology for assessing the state and monitoring the territory. When mapping anthropogenic (technical, natural-technical and techno-natural) geocomplexes, when natural geocomplexes are not involved, significantly less labor and time costs are required for creating a geoinformation system and preparing a map. In this case, mapping only anthropogenic geocomplexes is a very informative express method of assessment, analysis, and monitoring.
这项研究的目的是在人为地质复合体/地质系统的景观测绘的基础上,形成评估领土状况和监测领土的方法。区域状态评估与监测的算法和技术方案包括以下几个部分:1)确定人为地质复合体的版图水平和近似比例尺;2)人为地质复合体分类的选择与修正;3)开发地理信息系统,编制选定层次的人为地质复合体层(图);4)基于人为地质复合体地图和光谱分析的区域特征与状态评价;5)对不同时段区域状态进行对比分析——监测,另一时段重复3、4块。建立了人为地质复合体的结构-功能分类。开发了“滨海边疆区人为地理综合体”地理信息系统。其主要内容包括为滨海边疆区整个区域制作的人造中观景观,以及为重点区域准备的人造微景观、人造局部景观和人造景观等一套层次。人为地质复合体/地质系统的地图是正在考虑的技术中最重要的组成部分。技术-自然、自然-技术和技术微景观、中观景观、地点或景观地图的不可或缺之处在于,它提供了一种多样化的、复杂的视角,展示了受人类活动影响最大的地质复合体及其多样性、动态、比例和分布。这张地图允许评估状态和跟踪领土最重要的复杂特征的变化,首先是变化的性质和程度。这样的地图是对任何评估国家和监测领土的技术的一个很好的补充。当绘制人为(技术、自然-技术和技术-自然)地质复合体时,当不涉及自然地质复合体时,创建地理信息系统和准备地图所需的劳动力和时间成本大大减少。在这种情况下,仅绘制人为地质复合体是一种非常有用的评估、分析和监测的表达方法。
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引用次数: 0
Dynamics of socio-economic development of municipalities with preferential regimes in the Far East in 2013-2020 2013-2020年远东地区优惠制度城市社会经济发展动态
IF 0.3 Q4 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.21638/spbu07.2022.303
D. Zemlianskii, V. Chuzhenkova
The development of the Far Eastern Federal District is a priority of the federal investment and regional policy. To create new jobs and attract private investment to the territory of the district, preferential regimes are being created in the macroregion – Special economic Zones (SEZ), Territories of advanced socio-economic development (TASED), the Free Port of Vladivostok (FPV), etc. The article analyzes the differences in the dynamics of socio-economic development of municipalities (hereinafter referred to as MO), on the territory of which preferential regimes operate with other MO of the macroregion. At the same time, not all preferential regimes are considered, but specific for the Far East - territories of advanced socio-economic development and the free port of Vladivostok. The analysis is carried out only for territories with TOCER and SPV created in 2015-2016, taking into account the possibility of the emergence of appropriate socio-economic effects. For this purpose, a monitoring index of the level of socio-economic development of municipalities was compiled and calculated. The effects of additionality for the applied support measures are also evaluated. The results showed that for 2013-2020 the level of socio-economic development of the municipalities of the Far Eastern Federal District has increased and there has been a reduction in differences within the federal district. In general, the overall "effect of additionality" of the functioning of TASED and FPV is positive. The maximum local effect is observed in municipalities with a low level of socio-economic development and where preferential regimes occupy most of the territory of the region. At the same time, it is established that at this stage the activity of preferential regimes does not provide a sustainable and systematic improvement of the socio-economic situation. The results of this study will be useful to the executive authorities to assess the effectiveness of the functioning of the TASED and FPV.
远东联邦区的发展是联邦投资和地区政策的优先事项。为了创造新的就业机会和吸引私人投资到该区领土,正在宏观区域建立优惠制度-经济特区(SEZ),先进社会经济发展地区(TASED),符拉迪沃斯托克自由港(FPV)等。本文分析了城市(以下简称城市)的社会经济发展动态的差异,这些城市的优惠制度与宏观区域的其他城市在其领土上运作。与此同时,并不是所有的优惠制度都得到考虑,而是专门针对远东- -社会经济发展先进的领土和符拉迪沃斯托克自由港。该分析仅针对2015-2016年创建TOCER和SPV的地区进行,并考虑到出现适当社会经济影响的可能性。为此目的,编制和计算了城市社会经济发展水平的监测指数。还对附加性对应用的支持措施的影响进行了评价。结果表明,2013-2020年,远东联邦区各市的社会经济发展水平有所提高,联邦区内的差异有所缩小。总的来说,tase和FPV功能的整体“附加性效应”是积极的。在社会经济发展水平较低和优惠制度占据该区域大部分领土的城市,地方效果最大。与此同时,可以确定的是,在这个阶段,优惠制度的活动并不能持续和有系统地改善社会经济状况。这项研究的结果将有助于行政当局评估TASED和FPV功能的有效性。
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引用次数: 0
Late Glacial and Early Holocene lacustrine sedimentation history of the northern Mologa-Sheksna Lowland derived from Lake Beloye sediments (NW Russia) 俄罗斯西北部莫洛加-谢克斯纳低地北部贝洛耶湖沉积物的晚冰期和全新世湖泊沉积史
IF 0.3 Q4 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.21638/spbu07.2022.204
Dmitriy Sadokov, T. Sapelko, N. Bobrov, M. Melles, G. Fedorov
Few detailed case studies have been devoted so far to the Late Pleistocene palaeogeography of the northern Mologa-Sheksna Lowland (MSL), compared to adjacent regions covering the Valdai glaciation marginal zone. Lake Beloye (Russia, Vologda region, Babaevo district) bottom sediments were studied using ground penetrating radar (GPR) and subsequently were cored in order to build a palaeoclimatic reconstruction for the northern MSL, because lacustrine deposits are considered to be valuable and representative palaeoarchive of the area. Chronology of regional palaeoclimatic and palaeohydrological changes from the Bølling — Allerød warming to the Early Holocene was traced on the basis of inorganic and organic geochemistry, mineralogical proxies, grain-size, magnetic susceptibility, accelerator mass spectrometry radiocarbon dating and optical microanalysis. During the Late Glacial and the Pleistocene/Holocene transition in the northern MSL interstadial climatic conditions were determined at ~ 14.0 cal. ka BP (Bølling, stage GI-1e of the GICC05 timescale) and ~ 13.0 cal. ka BP (Allerød, stages GI-1c3 — GI-1a). A pronounced cold period associated with Younger Dryas (stage GS- 1) was registered in the multiproxy record at 12.8–11.7 cal. ka BP. High-resolution x-ray fluorescence (XRF) core scanning helped to reveal short-term “cold” events at ~ 13.7, ~ 13.1 and ~11.5 cal. ka BP, which were associated with Older Dryas (stage GI-1d), Gerzensee-Killarney oscillation (stage GI-1b) and Preboreal oscillation respectively, and “warm” episodes at ~ 13.2 and ~ 11.8 cal. ka BP, which presumably correspond to the end of the stage GI-1c1 and Greenlandian Stage/Age respectively. Ultimate interglacial (Holocene) climate onset within the MSL was attributed to ~ 11,7 cal. ka BP, which is marked by the sharp rise of total organic carbon content in the sediments and lithological changes to muddy fraction. Numerous water level oscillations occurred in the large proglacial lakeduring the last glacial termination, ending with Its final drainage in the northern MSL by ~ 10.9 cal. ka BP. The reconstructed palaeoclimatic dynamics is in overall agreements with the global reconstructions for the North Atlantic and Fennoscandia regions.
迄今为止,与覆盖瓦尔代冰川边缘地带的邻近地区相比,很少有详细的案例研究专门用于莫洛加-谢克斯纳低地北部(MSL)的晚更新世古地理。利用探地雷达(GPR)对Beloye湖(俄罗斯,Vologda地区,Babaevo地区)底部沉积物进行了研究,并进行了取芯,以建立MSL北部的古气候重建,因为湖泊沉积物被认为是该地区有价值和代表性的古档案。利用无机和有机地球化学、矿物学指标、粒度、磁化率、加速器质谱放射性碳定年和光学显微分析等方法,追溯了从Bølling—allerlod变暖至全新世早期区域古气候和古水文变化的年代学。在晚冰期和更新世/全新世过渡时期,MSL北部的间冰期气候条件分别为~ 14.0 cal. ka BP (GICC05时标GI-1e期Bølling)和~ 13.0 cal. ka BP (alle ød期GI-1c3 - GI-1a)。在12.8-11.7 cal. ka BP的多代理记录中记录了与新仙女木期(GS- 1期)相关的明显冷期。高分辨率x射线荧光(XRF)岩心扫描有助于揭示~ 13.7、~ 13.1和~11.5 cal. ka BP的短期“冷”事件,分别与古仙女木期(GI-1d期)、Gerzensee-Killarney振荡期(GI-1b期)和Preboreal振荡期有关,以及~ 13.2和~ 11.8 cal. ka BP的“暖”事件,可能分别对应GI-1c1期和格陵兰期/年龄的末期。MSL内的间冰期(全新世)气候最终开始于~ 11.7 cal. ka BP,其特征是沉积物中总有机碳含量急剧上升,岩性转变为泥质组分。末次冰期终止期间,大型前冰期湖泊发生了多次水位振荡,并在约10.9 cal. ka BP的时间内以其在MSL北部的最终排水结束。重建的古气候动力学与北大西洋和芬诺斯坎迪亚地区的全球重建结果基本一致。
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引用次数: 0
Authigenesis of carbonates in the deposits of the gas-hydrate-bearing structure of the CHAOS (Sea of Okhotsk) 鄂霍次克海CHAOS含气水合物构造沉积物中碳酸盐的自生作用
IF 0.3 Q4 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.21638/spbu07.2022.103
E. Logvina, A. Krylov, T. Matveeva, F. Maksimov, V. Kuznetsov
The paper presents the results of studies of authigenic carbonates sampled in the near-surface sediments of the gas-hydrate-bearing CHAOS structure located on the western slope of the Deryugin Basin in the Sea of Okhotsk. Carbonates were at different stages of formation, the most common morphological forms of which were concretions. Microscopic studies have shown that the concretions are formed by pelitomorphic carbonate cementing the terrigenous clay-clastic matrix and organic detritus. According to X-ray phase analysis, the dominant mineral composing nodules is cryptocrystalline high-Mg calcite (14.2-16.9 mol% Mg). Based on the geochemical modeling the intervals of the sediments with favorable conditions for the formation of basic carbonate minerals (aragonite, calcite, and dolomite) were identified. Almost over the entire area of the structure, the formation of carbonates occurs at more than 1m and up to 5m sub-bottom depths. In the central part of the structure (station LV31-27GC) the formation of carbonates is also possible in the upper part of the sedimentary section - from 0 to 1,5 m. On the basis of balance calculations of the δ13C isotopes content in nodules, the contribution of the main carbon sources involved in their formation was estimated. These sources turned out to be organic matter and microbial methane in a ratio of 67.5: 32.5. It was found that the conversion of carbon dioxide into bicarbonate ion occurs under conditions of early diagenesis due to the interaction of the fluid with aluminosilicates. Calculations of the isotopic composition of pore waters (the main source of oxygen in carbonates) and paleotemperatures indicate crystallization of carbonates at low (close to 0 ° C) temperatures. Based on 230Th/U-dating of carbonates, the age of the studied unloading source was determined as ~ 3.5 thousand years. It was found that the CHAOS structure is one of the “youngest” on the northeastern slope of the Sakhalin Island.
本文介绍了在鄂霍次克海德留金盆地西坡含气水合物的CHAOS构造近地表沉积物中取样的自生碳酸盐的研究结果。碳酸盐处于不同的形成阶段,最常见的形态形式是结核。微观研究表明,这些固结物是由自生碳酸盐胶结陆源粘土碎屑基质和有机碎屑形成的。x射线物相分析表明,结核的主要矿物组成为隐晶高镁方解石(14.2 ~ 16.9 mol% Mg)。在地球化学模拟的基础上,确定了形成碱性碳酸盐矿物(文石、方解石和白云石)的有利条件。几乎在整个构造区域,碳酸盐岩的形成发生在底部以下1米至5米的深度。在构造的中心部分(LV31-27GC站),沉积剖面的上部(0 ~ 1.5 m)也可能形成碳酸盐岩。通过对结核中δ13C同位素含量的平衡计算,估算了结核形成过程中主要碳源的贡献。这些来源是有机物和微生物甲烷,比例为67.5:32.5。研究发现,由于流体与铝硅酸盐的相互作用,二氧化碳在早期成岩作用条件下转化为碳酸氢盐离子。孔隙水(碳酸盐岩中氧气的主要来源)的同位素组成和古温度的计算表明,碳酸盐岩在较低(接近0℃)的温度下结晶。根据碳酸盐岩的230Th/ u定年,确定卸荷源的年龄为~ 3500年。研究发现,混沌构造是库页岛东北坡“最年轻”的构造之一。
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引用次数: 0
New geochemical and isotopic (Rb-Sr and Sm-Nd) data for the rocks of the alkali-ultrabasic massif Kondyor of the Aldan Shield (Khabarovsk Territory, Russia) 俄罗斯哈巴罗夫斯克地区Aldan地盾碱性超基性地块Kondyor岩石地球化学和同位素(Rb-Sr和Sm-Nd)新数据
IF 0.3 Q4 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.21638/spbu07.2022.402
V. Savatenkov, A. Mochalov
The chemical composition and Rb-Sr and Sm-Nd isotope characteristics of various rocks that make up the alkali-ultramafic Kondyor massif of the Aldan Shield were studied: dunites, clinopyroxenites, gabbro, kosvites, alkaline syenites. Ultrabasic rocks of the early stage (dunites, clinopyroxenites) have a significant metasomatic alteration associated with the intrusion of a dike complex of alkaline rocks. The petrochemical features of dunites and clinopyroxenites indicate that these rocks are cumulative phases that successively crystallized from picritic melt at an early stage of the formation of the massif. Gabbro and kosvites of the marginal series were formed from the residual melt after the crystallization of dunites and clinopyroxenites. The Rb-Sr and Sm-Nd isotopic characteristics in the rocks of the early intrusion stage (dunites, clinopyroxenites, gabbro) indicate that these rocks were formed with the participation of the host rock contamination processes. The isotope-geochemical characteristics of the rocks of the dike complex (kosvites and alkaline rocks of the dunite core) indicate that these rocks crystallized from a deep melt that was not significantly contaminated by the continental crust. Differences in isotopic characteristics between ultramafic rocks and rocks of the dike complex of the dunite "core" - kosvites and alkaline rocks, suggest at least two sources of melts that participated in the formation of the Konder massif: (1) an early, deep-seated melt that formed ultrabasic rocks at the upper level, and also kosvites, plagioclase pyroxenites and gabbro of the outer “ring” with a significant degree of contamination; (2) late, differentiated (monzonite and alkaline-syenite) deep-seated melt (far from the contaminant) that became the source of kosvite and alkaline rock dikes in the central part of the Konder massif.
研究了构成Aldan盾区碱性超基性Kondyor地块的各种岩石的化学成分及Rb-Sr和Sm-Nd同位素特征:暗粒岩、斜辉长岩、辉长岩、科长岩和碱性正长岩。早期超基性岩(褐岩质、斜辉石质)与碱性岩脉杂岩侵入有关,发生了明显的交代蚀变。其岩石化学特征表明,这些岩石是在地块形成早期由苦橄质熔体连续结晶而成的累积相。边缘系列的辉长岩和科辉石是由泥质岩和斜辉石岩结晶后的残余熔体形成的。侵入期早期(泥质岩、斜辉石岩、辉长岩)岩石的Rb-Sr和Sm-Nd同位素特征表明,这些岩石的形成参与了寄主岩石污染过程。岩脉杂岩的同位素地球化学特征表明,岩脉杂岩为深熔融结晶,未受到大陆地壳的明显污染。超基性岩与岩脉杂岩的同位素特征差异表明,至少有两种熔体来源参与了康德地块的形成:(1)早期深层熔体在上层形成超基性岩,以及外“环”中污染程度显著的科斯辉岩、斜长石辉石岩和辉长岩;(2)晚期分异的(二长岩和碱性正长岩)深层熔体(远离污染物)成为孔德地块中部高斯辉岩和碱性岩脉的来源。
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引用次数: 0
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Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University Earth Sciences
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